Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Thailand

Urheberrechtsregeln: Thailand Kürzel: COM:THAILAND
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Fotografie	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre (bis 2021); Standardlaufzeit (ab 2022)
Anonym	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Audiovisuell	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Regierung	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre Staatliche Dokumente sind Public domain
Angewandte Kunst	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 25 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Ja
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Thailand}} {{PD-TH-exempt}}
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	THA
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	17. Juli 1931
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen von Thailand, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Thailand stammt, sowohl in Thailand als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Thailand solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

Thailand (früher Siam genannt) blieb im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert unabhängig und war das einzige Land in Südostasien, das sich der europäischen Kolonisierung entziehen konnte. Im Jahr 1932 wurde es eine konstitutionelle Monarchie.

Thailand ist seit dem 17. Juli 1931 Mitglied der Berner Übereinkunft und seit dem 1. Januar 1995 der Welthandelsorganisation.

Im Jahr 2018 führt die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO), eine Agentur der Vereinten Nationen, den Copyright Act B.E. 2537 (1994) als das wichtigste vom thailändischen Gesetzgeber erlassene Gesetz zum Schutz des geistigen Eigentums auf. Die WIPO verfügt über den Text dieses Gesetzes in ihrer Datenbank WIPO Lex.

Dieses Gesetz wurde durch das Urheberrechtsgesetz (Nr. 2) B.E. 2558 (2015) geändert, das Bestimmungen zu Ausnahmen, Rechteverwaltung und Verstößen hinzufügt. Es wurde außerdem durch den Copyright Act (No. 3) B.E. 2558 (2015) modifiziert, das die Aufzeichnung von Filmen in Kinos und Ausnahmen für behinderte Personen regelt. Wikisource enthält die thailändische Version des Copyright Act, 1994 und der Änderungsgesetze.

Copyright Act B.E. 2537 (1994) was further modified by Copyright Act (No. 5) B.E. 2565 (2022). This amendment is mainly aimed at "clarifying ISPs' safe harbors" as well as "adopting a notice-and-takedown system". A notable change though is the non-retroactive extension of term for photographic works.

Copyright term

According to the Copyright Act, BE 2537 (1994),

• Except as stated below, copyright subsists for the life of the author and for 50 years after his death.^{[2537/1994 Sec.19]}
• With a work of joint authorship, copyright subsists for the life of the joint authors and for 50 years after the death of the last surviving joint author.^{[2537/1994 Sec.19]}

• If the author or all joint authors die prior to the publication of a work, copyright subsists for 50 years from first publication of the work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.19]}
• Where the author is a legal person, copyright subsists for 50 years as from authorship; if the work is published during such period, the copyright subsists for 50 years from first publication.^{[2537/1994 Sec.19]}

• Copyright under this Act in a work which is created by a pseudonymous or anonymous author subsists for 50 years from authorship; if the work is published during such period, copyright subsists for 50 years from first publication. If the identity of the author becomes known, Section 19 applies mutatis mutandis.^{[2537/1994 Sec.20]}
• Copyright in an audiovisual work, a cinematographic work, a sound recording or a sound and video broadcasting work endures for fifty years as from the authorship, provided that if the work is published during such period, copyright endures for fifty years as from the first publication.^{[2537/1994 Sec.21 (amended by 2565/2022 Sec.6)]}

• Copyright in a work of applied art subsists for 25 years from authorship; if the work is published during such period, copyright subsists for 50 years from first publication.^{[2537/1994 Sec.22]}
• Copyright in a work created in the course of employment, instruction or control subsists for 50 years from authorship; if the work is published during such period, copyright subsists for 50 years from first publication.^{[2537/1994 Sec.23]}

• When the term of copyright protection expires in the course of a year and the expiry date is not the last calendar day of the year or the exact date of expiry is not known, copyright subsists until the last day of that calendar year.^{[2537/1994 Sec.25]}

Historical changes in copyright terms

• The Rights of Author Act, 120 RE had a general copyright term of 7 years after the author's death or 42 years after publication.^{[120 RE/1901 Sec.5]}
• In 1931, the Literary and Fine Arts Protection Act B.E. 2474 (1931) increased the copyright terms to:
  • 30 years after the author's death^{[2474/1931 Sec.14]}
  • 30 years after publication for works published after the death of the author ^{[2474/1931 Sec.14]}
  • 30 years after creation for photographic works^{[2474/1931 Sec.16]}
  • 30 years after creation for phonograph records and music rolls^{[2474/1931 Sec.17]}
  • 30 years after creation for films^{[2474/1931 Sec.18]}
  • 30 years after publication for newspapers^{[2474/1931 Sec.19]}
• On December 11, 1978, the Copyright Act B.E. 2521 (1978) increased the copyright terms. According to the Act, the new terms were:
  • Copyright under this Act is available throughout the age of the creator and exists for another fifty years since the creator died. ^{[2521/1978 Sec.16]}
  • In the case of co-creators, the copyright in such work exists throughout the age of the co-creator and continue to exist for fifty years since the last co-creator died. ^{[2521/1978 Sec.16]}
  • If all creators or co-creators died before the work was published, it is fifty years since publication.^{[2521/1978 Sec.16]}
  • In the event that the creator is a juristic person, the copyright is available for fifty years since the creator has been created. But if there is a publication during that period, let the copyright be available for another fifty years since the first publication. ^{[2521/1978 Sec.16]}
  • Copyrighted works under this Act that have been created by the creator using alias or do not appear to be the creator, the copyright is available for fifty years since the creation of that work. But if there is a publication that work during the said period, the copyright is for fifty years since the first publication. In the event that you know the creator, Section 16 shall be used to apply mutatis mutandis.^{[2521/1978 Sec.17]}
  • Copyright in photographic works, audio-visual materials, films or broadcasting works exists. for fifty years since creating that work. But if there is a publication during the said period The copyright is for fifty years since the first publication.^{[2521/1978 Sec.18]}
  • Copyright in applied art exists for twenty-five years since creating that work, but if there is publication during that period, the copyright is for twenty-five years since publication for the first time. ^{[2521/1978 Sec.19]}
  • Copyright in the work that has been created by hiring or according to the order or in the control of Section 12 exists for fifty years since creating that work. But if the work has been published during that period, let the copyright for fifty years since the first publication. ^{[2521/1978 Sec.20]}
  • At the age of copyright protection due in any year, if the maturity date of the protection copyright does not match the end of the calendar year. Or in the event that it is not possible to know the maturity date of copyright protection Of course, the copyright will still exist until the end of the calendar year.^{[2521/1978 Sec.22]}
• The new terms in the 1978 Act appear to be retroactive: Works that was created before the date this Act came into force and without copyright according to the Literary and Fine Arts Protection Act B.E. 2474 (1931), but are protected according to this act receive copyright protection according to this Act.^{[2521/1978 Sec.50]}

2022 amendment

The Copyright Act (No. 5) B.E. 2565 (2022) amended the Section 21 of the Copyright Act B.E. 2537 (1994), removing "photographic work" from the provision so that all photographs still protected by copyright are now subject to the standard 50-year term as stated by Section 19. However, Section 15 of the 2022 amendment law makes it clear that photographs that had fallen out of copyright upon the enactment of the act remain in public domain and are not covered by the extension. (The amendment act was published on the Government Gazette on 24 February 2022 and became effective 180 days after this publication.)

Section 21 before the 2022 amendment was read:

• Copyright in a photographic work, audiovisual work, cinematographic work, sound recording or audio and video broadcasting work subsists for 50 years from authorship; if the work is published during such period, copyright subsists for 50 years from first publication.^{[2537/1994 Sec.21]}

Not protected

Abkürzung

• COM:NOP Thailand

Siehe auch: Commons:Ungeschützte Werke

The following are not deemed copyright works:

• News of the day and facts having the character of mere information, not being works in the literary, scientific or artistic fields;^{[2537/1994 Sec.7(1)]}
• The constitution and legislation;^{[2537/1994 Sec.7(2)]}
• Regulations, bylaws, notifications, orders, explanations and official correspondence of the Ministries, Departments or any other government or local units;^{[2537/1994 Sec.7(3)]}

• Judicial decisions, orders, decisions and official reports;^{[2537/1994 Sec.7(4)]}
• Translations and collections of the materials referred to above, made by the Ministries, Departments or any other government or local units.^{[2537/1994 Sec.7(5)]}

Lizenzvorlagen

Abkürzung

• COM:TAG Thailand

Siehe auch: Commons:Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Thailand}} – for works from Thailand, which have different copyright terms depending on type, usually 50 years after the creator's death or 50 years after publication.
• {{PD-TH-exempt}} – for works ineligible for copyright in Thailand, including laws and official government documents.

Währung

Abkürzung

• COM:CUR Thailand

Siehe auch: Commons:Währung

 Nicht OK: Reproduction of banknote images requires a permission from the Bank of Thailand.

Panoramafreiheit

Abkürzung

• COM:FOP Thailand

Siehe auch: Commons:Panoramafreiheit

OK {{FoP-Thailand}}

The Thai Copyright Act of B.E. 2537 (A.D. 1994) states that:

• A drawing, painting, construction, engraving, moulding, carving, lithographing, photographing, cinematographing, video broadcasting or any similar act of an artistic work, except an architectural work, which is openly located in a public place shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the artistic work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.37]}

• A drawing, painting, engraving, moulding, carving, lithographing, photographing, cinematographing or video broadcasting of an architectural work shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the architectural work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.38]}

For artistic works that are not situated in public spaces (not "openly located in a public place"), these can only be photographed freely if de minimis:

• A photograph or cinematograph or video broadcast of a work of which an artistic work is a component shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the artistic work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.39]}
• Note that artistic work as defined by Section 4 of the law does not include works of literature. On the other hand, architecture as defined in the same section includes "design of buildings or constructions, a design of interior or exterior decoration as well as a landscape design or a creation of a model of buildings or constructions." It can be interpreted that elegant bridges are works of architecture that fall under the freedom of panorama, through the element "constructions."

According to several Thai Wikimedians, the Thai text of Copyright Act B.E. 2537 (1994) gives a more comprehensive clause, containing permanence requirement. (Reference: Commons:Deletion requests/File:Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti poster for mother's milk.jpg)

See also: Category:Thai FOP cases.

Schöpfungshöhe

Abkürzung

• COM:TOO Thailand

Siehe auch: Commons:Schöpfungshöhe

According to LawPlus Ltd. (2019), "a copyright work does not need distinctiveness required for a trademark but it must be a creative expression of an original idea of its author. The required level of originality or creativity is minimal." It can be interpreted that Thailand's threshold of originality for logos is low.

Briefmarken

Siehe auch: Commons:Briefmarken

Das Urheberrecht für Briefmarken liegt bei Thailand Post und beträgt 50 Jahre ab der ersten Veröffentlichung. Public domain for stamps published before 4. November 1974.^{[2537/1994 Sec.23]}

Siehe auch

• ประเทศไทย
• Category:License tags of Thailand
• Category:Stamps of Thailand

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss