Commons:Bélyegek/Közkincs/Európa

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This page is a translated version of a page Commons:Stamps/Europe and the translation is 50% complete. Changes to the translation template, respectively the source language can be submitted through Commons:Stamps/Europe and have to be approved by a translation administrator.
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Stamps
Afrika‌Amerika‌Ázsia‌Európa‌Ausztrália és Óceánia‌Others

Ez a lap áttekintést nyújt a bélyegekkel kapcsolatos szerzői jogi szabályokról különböző európai országokban; az egyes országok szabályairól szóló lapok „beillesztéséből” áll, összehasonlításra vagy karbantartásra hasznos.

Európa országai

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:Albania

Albánia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Albania

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COM:Andorra

Andorra

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Andorra

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COM:Austria

Ausztria

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Austria

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COM:Azerbaijan

Azerbajdzsán

Public domain use {{PD-AZ-exempt}}

An exception is File:1995 John Lennon..jpg.


Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Azerbaijan
Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:Belgium

Belgium

In Belgium an image of a stamp is copyright free when the following conditions are fulfilled:

70 years after La Poste / De Post have issued the stamp AND 70 years after the designer of the image on the stamp has died.

The works of the following artists are in public domain because the artist died before 31 December 1945.

The work of the following artists will be in public domain on 1 January following 70 years after their death

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COM:Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosznia-Hercegovina

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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COM:Bulgaria

Bulgária

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Bulgaria
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COM:Cyprus

Ciprus

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Cyprus
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COM:Czech Republic

Csehország

Nincs adat
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COM:Denmark

Dánia

There appears to be no specific provision in the law for stamps and there are no special rules for works created by the government. So stamps are copyrighted following the normal terms of Life + 70 years after the death of the artist or Create/Publish + 70 years if they are created anonymously.


Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Denmark
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COM:United Kingdom

Egyesült Királyság

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of United Kingdom
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COM:Северна Македонија

Észak-Macedónia

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COM:Estonia

Észtország

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Estonia
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COM:Belarus

Fehéroroszország

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Belarus
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COM:Finland

Finnország

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Finland
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COM:France

Franciaország

According to La Poste, French stamps have the same legal status as any other work of art. Stamps by designers deceased more than 70 years ago are public domain.[1] The names of the artists are generally printed at the bottom of the stamps or its main picture. Check the individual artists death dates in the frwiki category: Dessinateur de timbres/Stamp designers and also the French Phil-ouest website that lists many more than have wiki articles.

[2]

On 1st January 2015, it appears that all postage stamps of France issued until 1922 are in the public domain (doubts about the 1919 stamp known as "The Two Orphans" – cause: no information found on the date of death of Surand and Jarraud).

The following list of artists whose works are in public domain in France (but not necessarily in the United States) because they died before 31 December 1953 is non-exhaustive:

Works by the following artists will be in public domain in France (but not necessarily in the United States) on 1 January following 70 years after their death:

  • Feltesse, Émile Henri (1881–1955) @2026
  • Barlangue, Gabriel Antoine (1874–1956) @2027
  • Dufresne, Charles Paul (1885–1956) @2027
  • Lemasson, Henri (1870–1956) @2027
  • Cheffer, Henry (1880–1957) @2028
  • Rigal, Louis Pierre (1888–1959) @2030
  • Munier, Pierre (1889–1962) @2033
  • Cocteau, Jean (1889–1963) @2034
  • Kieffer, Clément (1881-1964) @2035
  • Mazelin, Charles (1882–1964) @2035
  • Louis, Robert (1902–1965) @2036
  • Serres, Raoul (1881–1971) @2042
  • Cami, Robert (1900–1973) @2044
  • Lemagny, Paul Pierre (1905–1977) @2048
  • Spitz, André (1883–1977) @2048
  • Piel, Jules (1882–1978) @2049
  • Picart Le Doux, Jean (1902–1982) @2053
  • Monvoisin, Michel (1932–1982) @2053
  • Miró, Joan (1893–1983) @2054
  • Fernez Louis (1900–1984) @2055
  • Decaris, Albert (1901–1988) @2059
  • Delpech, Jean (1916–1988) @2059
  • Haley, Claude (1923–1988) @2059
  • Gandon, Pierre (1899–1990) @2061
  • Pheulpin, Jean (1907–1991) @2062
  • Cottet, René (1902–1992) @2063
  • Combet, Jacques (1920–1993) @2064
  • Lengellé, Paul (1908-1993) @2064
  • Peynet, Raymond (1908–1999) @2070
  • Hundertwasser, Friedensreich (1928–2000) @2071
  • Leguay, Marc (1910–2001) @2072
  • Durrens, Claude (1921–2002) @2073
  • Hertenberger, Claude (1912–2002) @2073
  • Bridoux, Charles (1942–2003) @2074
  • Dessirier, René (1919–2003@2074
  • Guillame, Cécile (1933–2004) @2075
  • Folon, Jean-Michel (1934–2005) @2076
  • Forget, Pierre (1923–2005) @2076
  • Lacaque, Eugène (1914–2005) @2076
  • Slania, Czeslaw (1921–2005) @2076
  • Schach-Duc, Yvonne (1933–2009) @2080
  • Sainson, Huguette (1929–2011) @2082
  • Mathieu, Georges (1921–2012) @2083
  • Béquet, Pierre (1932–2012) @2083
  • Leliepvre, Eugène (1908–2013) @2084
  • Wou-Ki, Zao (1920–2013) @2084
  • Markó, Serge (1926–2014) @2085
  • Taraskoff, Mark (1955–2015) @2086
  • Quillivic, René (1925–2016) @2087
  • Andréotto, Claude (1949–2017) @2088

Lásd még: Category:Stamps of France
Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:Greece

Görögország

Copyrighted Stamps by artists deceased more than 70 years ago (or pseudonymously designed more than 70 years ago, before 1 January 1954) are free. The copyright status of all other stamps issued before 1970 is disputed (possibly {{PD-GreekGov}} as government administrative documents). Stamps issued since 1970 follow the 70 years pma rule.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Greece
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COM:Georgia

Grúzia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Georgia
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COM:Netherlands

Hollandia

See nl:Wikipedia:Beleid voor gebruik van media/Postzegels (In Dutch).

Prior to 1 January 1989, the government-owned corporation PTT considered Dutch stamps as being created by the PTT company and as such was considered their author. In The Netherlands copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author. With stamps issued prior to 1989, copyright expires 70 years after publication.

From 1 January 1989 onwards, the PTT became the private company TNT Post. The rules are sometimes different compared to the period before 01-01-1989; for example, when there is more than one author of a stamp.

Public domain As of 2024 Dutch stamps created in the period 1852–1953 are considered to be Public Domain.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:Croatia

Horvátország

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Croatia
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COM:Ireland

Írország

Nincs adat
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COM:Iceland

Izland

Nincs adat
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COM:Kazakhstan

Kazahsztán

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Kazakhstan
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COM:Poland

Lengyelország

Unclear According to Article 4, case 2 of the Polish Copyright Law Act of February 4, 1994 "normative acts and drafts thereof as well as official documents, materials, signs and symbols are not subject to copyrights".

Such materials should use {{PD-Polishsymbol}}. Unfortunately it is unclear if Polish stamps and banknotes are considered official materials, signs or symbols by Polish law. In 2009 about 900 files with Polish stamps were deleted (see Commons talk:Stamps/Archive 1#Polish stamps are copyrighted for the discussion).
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Poland

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COM:Latvia

Lettország

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Latvia
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COM:Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Liechtenstein
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COM:Lithuania

Litvánia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Lithuania
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COM:Luxembourg

Luxemburg

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Luxembourg
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COM:Hungary

Magyarország

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Hungary
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COM:Malta

Málta

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Malta
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COM:Moldova

Moldova

Public domain use {{PD-MD-exempt}}.

According to the law on Copyright of the Republic of Moldova no. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994 (Amended by Law no. 1268-XV, of 25 July 2002) Article 7. refers to "State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.)" as Works Not Protected by Copyright. The Moldovan Postal Law No. 36 from 29 April 2016 defines postal stamp as "printed valuable sign issued and put into circulation exclusively by the state as an attribute of its sovereignty".[5]
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Moldova

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COM:Monaco

Monaco

Nincs adat
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COM:Montenegro

Montenegró

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Montenegro
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COM:Germany

Németország

According to a decision by a German regional court (Landgericht Berlin) in a case of the heirs of German artist Loriot against the Wikimedia Foundation, announced 27 March 2012, German postage stamps are not "official works" according to § 5 I or II UrhG and are therefore not in the public domain, as previously assumed on Commons.

Stamps of other private entities are copyrighted as well. However, the usual German copyright expiration term applies - copyright expires 70 years after 1 January after death of the creator. Some individual stamps may be copyright-free for other reasons (e.g. simple graphic design). For a further discussion, see Wikilegal/Copyright of Images in German Postage Stamps

Outdated license templates, to be deleted or changed

See Commons:WikiProject Public Domain/German stamps review.

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COM:Norway

Norvégia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Norway
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COM:Italy

Olaszország

Copyrighted Until specific information becomes available, apply the 70 years pma rule (or 70 years after issue for anonymous/pseudonymous stamps), so stamps by designers deceased more than 70 years are public domain. Where there are joint authors, such as an engraver and a designer, the copyright term starts following the death of the last survivor.

{{PD-Italy}} does not apply to Italian stamps. The law contains no exceptions to standard copyright law for stamps.

Stamps sometimes contain date and author. The Stamp Art blog, while not necessarily reliable, does list designers and some engravers of Italian stamps and Italian stamp designers, so may be worth reviewing.[6] The following list of artists whose works are in public domain because they died on or before 31 December 1950 is non-exhaustive:

Works by the following artists will remain protected until 70 years after their death:

The following artists have unknown death dates:

  • Liana Ferri (stamp designs 1934)[7]
  • Gustavo Petronio (active c1920s–1950s)[8]
  • Alberto Repettati (c.1896-1940s)
  • Dino Tofani (1895–?1930)
  • C. Vincenti (1930s)
Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:Russia

Oroszország

Public domain use {{PD-RU-exempt|stamps}}

Pursuant to Article 1259.6 of Part IV of the Civil Code (No. 230-FZ) of the Russian Federation dated 8 December 2006, official symbols and signs (flags, emblems, orders, banknotes, and the like), as well as symbols and signs of municipal formations are not copyrighted. Pursuant to Article 2 of Federal Law No. 176-FZ of the Russian Federation On Postal Service dated July 17, 1999, official signs of postage include "postage stamps and other signs put on mail that give evidence that postage has been paid".

Article 1.1 of Official Postage Signs and Special Postmarks Regulations, put into force on 26 May 1994 by Order 115 of the Ministry of Communication of the Russian Federation, defines the official postage signs concretely and labels postage stamps, souvenir and miniature sheets, stamped envelopes, and postal stationery cards as the postage signs. Even works still under copyright can be used by the Russian post, without altering the copyright status of the work used.[9]

A copyrighted painting can be used on an envelope or such and {{PD-RU-exempt}} will apply, without turning the painting into a Public Domain work. Prerequisite is that the Russian post acquired permission from the copyright-holder. We can safely assume that the Russian post has come to an agreement with the copyright-holder of such work.

Tuva stamps

Public domain use {{PD-RU-exempt}}.

From 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent nation under the name of Tannu Tuva, officially, the Tuvan People's Republic, or the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva. The independence of Tannu Tuva, however, was recognized only by its neighbors: the Soviet Union and Mongolia.[10] Since 1944 Tuva has been part of the Russian Federation.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Russia

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COM:Armenia

Örményország

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Armenia
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COM:Portugal

Portugália

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Portugal
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COM:Romania

Románia

Public domain use {{PD-RO-exempt}}.

According to the Romanian Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law no. 8/1996 of 14 March 1996 with further amendments Chapter 3 Article 9 "means of payment" shall not benefit from the legal protection accorded to copyright; therefore images of stamps are deemed to be in the public domain. Further, the Romanian law on postal services from 6 March 2013 defines postal stamp as "paper of value issued and put into circulation exclusively under the authority of the state, as an attribute of its sovereignty",[11] implying that Romania postal stamps are "official symbols of the State, public authorities and organizations", which are not protected by the Romanian copyright.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Romania

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COM:San Marino

San Marino

Nincs adat
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COM:Spain

Spanyolország

.

Communication with Spain's Philatelic Bureau suggests no public domain. Permission to scan images of Spanish stamps requires a specific request to the Sociedad Estatal de Correos y Telégrafos.

According to Spanish copyright law, while most official works are not protected by copyright, standalone images are specifically exempted, and the author retains copyright. So it is safe to assume that Spanish stamps are copyright their designers, in which case they are protected for 70 years after the author's death, or 80 years if the author died before 1988. If the designer is unknown, the stamp falls into the public domain 70 years after it was issued, or 80 years if issued before 1987.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Spain

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:Switzerland

Svájc

According to Article 5 of the Federal Act on Copyright and Related Rights, "copyright does not protect [...] means of payment". However, the prevailing view among legal commentators is that stamps are not considered means of payment and do not fall under any other exemption clause. They therefore enjoy copyright protection.[12]
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Switzerland
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COM:Sweden

Svédország

Swedish stamps do not seem to have a copyright exception in Sweden, so stamps are in PD 70 years after the death of the engraver.

Lásd még: Category talk:Stamps of Sweden
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Sweden

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COM:Serbia

Szerbia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Serbia
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COM:Slovakia

Szlovákia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Slovakia
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COM:Slovenia

Szlovénia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Slovenia
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COM:Türkiye

Törökország

Under Law No. 5846 of December 5, 1951 (as amended up to decision no 2020/29 of Constitutional Court of Turkey on July 17, 2020),
  • The rights in works created by civil servants, employees and workers during the execution of their duties shall be exercised by the persons who employ or appoint them; provided that the contrary may not be deduced from a special contract between such persons or from the nature of the work.[5846/1951 Article 18]
  • If the first author is a legal person, the term of protection shall be 70 years from the date on which the work was made public.[5846/1951 Article 27]

The copyright for stamps therefore belongs to the Turkish government and lasts 70 years from publication. Thus, any stamp issued 70 or more years ago (published before 1 January 1954) is public domain.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:Ukraine

Ukrajna

Public domain use {{PD-UA-exempt}}.

According to the Article 10 of the Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related rights, all Ukrainian stamps are in the public domain. They are defined as "state signs" in the Law of Ukraine On Postal Service (4 October 2001) :

  • Postage stamp means a state sign manufactured according to the procedure set forth by legislation, with specified face value and state, serving as the tool of payment for postal services provided by the national operator.[13]
    Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Ukraine
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COM:Vatican City

Vatikán

Nincs adat

Különleges státuszú terület

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COM:Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Akrotíri és Dekélia

Nincs adat
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COM:Faroe Islands

Feröer

Nincs adat
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COM:Gibraltar

Gibraltár

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Gibraltar
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COM:Bailiwick of Guernsey

Guernsey Bailiffség

Nincs adat
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COM:Jersey

Jersey

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Jersey
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COM:Isle of Man

Man-sziget

Nincs adat
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COM:Svalbard

Template:Svalbard

Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Svalbard

Korlátozott elismerés

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COM:Abkhazia

Abházia

Nincs adat
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COM:South Ossetia

Dél-Oszétia

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of South Ossetia
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COM:Transnistria

Dnyeszter Menti Köztársaság

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Transnistria
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COM:Northern Cyprus

Észak-Ciprus

Nincs adat
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COM:Kosovo

Koszovó

Nincs adat
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Kosovo
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COM:United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus

zöld vonal

Nincs adat

részben európai

Some citation text may not have been transcluded
  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named LaPosteRepro
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Phil-Ouest
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CatawikiCortot
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hourriez
  5. ↑ ЗАКОН № 36 от 17-03-2016. Justice Ministry of Moldova
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named StampArt
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ferri
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Petronio
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named RF115
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tuva1992
  11. ↑ [1]
  12. ↑ W Egloff in D Barrelet and W Egloff (eds), Das neue Urheberrecht (4th edn, Stämpfli 2020) art 5 para 5 («da sie keine Zahlungsmittel sind und auch sonst unter keine Ausnahmebestimmung fallen»); R von Büren and MA Meer in R von Büren and L David (eds), Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (3rd edn, Helbing & Lichtenhahn 2014) para 379 («es handelt sich bei ihnen nämlich nicht um offizielle Zahlungsmittel, da sie keinen gesetzlichen Kurs haben und nicht in Zahlung genommen werden müssen»); I Cherpillod in BK Müller and R Oertli (eds), Urheberrechtsgesetz (URG) (2nd edn, Stämpfli 2012) art 5 para 3; RM Hilty, Urheberrecht (2nd edn, Stämpfli 2020) para 254 («zumal der im Vorentwurf von 1987 enthaltene Schutzausschluss im Rahmen des bundesrätlichen Entwurfs wieder gestrichen worden war»); P Gilliéron in J de Werra and P Gilliéron (eds), Propriété intellectuelle (Helbing & Lichtenhahn 2013) art 5 LDA para 9; M Rehbinder, L Haas, and K-P Uhlig (eds), URG (4th edn, Orell Füssli 2022) art 5 para 7 (departing from the view expressed in the previous edition).
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ZakonPost
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