Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Konsolidierte Liste Nordeuropa

V • T • E	Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet
Geographische Subregionen gemäß den Vereinten Nationen
Afrika	Ost Mittel Nord Süd West
Amerika	Nord Mittel und Mexiko Karibik Süd
Asien	West Mittel Süd Ost Südost
Europa	West Süd Ost Nord
Ozeanien	Alle Länder und Gebiete
Andere	Alle Länder und Gebiete

Diese Seite enthält Übersichten über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen in verschiedenen Ländern Nordeuropas, wie sie im Geoschema der Vereinten Nationen für Europa definiert sind. Sie ist aus den einzelnen Seiten mit den Regeln für jedes Land „transkludiert“. Die Liste kann zum Vergleich oder zur Pflege verwendet werden.

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COM:Denmark

Dänemark

Urheberrechtsregeln: Dänemark Kürzel: COM:DÄNEMARK
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Für Gebäude
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Denmark}} {{PD-Denmark50}} {{PD-DenmarkGov}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	1. Juli 1903
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	14. März 2010
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen von Dänemark, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Dänemark stammt, sowohl in Dänemark als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Dänemark solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Dänemark ist seit dem 1. Juli 1903 Mitglied des Berner Übereinkommen, seit dem 1. Januar 1995 Mitglied der Welthandelsorganisation und am 14. März 2010 dem Template:Wp-WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag beigetreten.

Seit 2018 führt die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO), eine Agentur der Vereinten Nationen, das Konsolidierte Gesetz über das Urheberrecht (Konsolidiertes Gesetz Nr. 1144 vom 23. Oktober 2014) als das wichtigste vom dänischen Gesetzgeber erlassene Gesetz zum Schutz des geistigen Eigentums auf. Die WIPO hat den Text dieses Gesetzes in ihrer Datenbank WIPO Lex aufgenommen.

Dieses Gesetz gilt nicht für die Färöer, kann aber durch eine königliche Verordnung ganz oder teilweise auf den Färöern in Kraft gesetzt werden, vorbehaltlich der Änderungen, die aufgrund der besonderen Bedingungen auf den Färöern erforderlich sind.^{[1144/2014 Artikel 93]} Das Gesetz gilt mit geringfügigen Änderungen auch für Grönland. Das Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends enthält einen Kommentar zum dänischen Urheberrecht.

Allgemeine Regeln

Gemäß dem Konsolidierten Gesetz Nr. 1144 vom 23. Oktober 2014,

• Das Urheberrecht an einem Werk besteht für 70 Jahre nach dem Todesjahr des Urhebers, bei Gemeinschaftswerken für 70 Jahre nach dem Todesjahr des letzten überlebenden Urhebers.
• Bei Filmwerken dauert das Urheberrecht 70 Jahre nach dem Todesjahr des letzten überlebenden Urhebers des Hauptregisseurs, des Verfassers des Drehbuchs, des Verfassers des Dialogs und des Komponisten der eigens zur Verwendung in dem Filmwerk geschaffenen Musik ^{[1144/2014 Artikel 63 (1)]}.

• Copyright of a musical work with lyrics where both lyrics and musical work have been created specifically for the work in question lasts until 70 years have passed from the year of death of the longest-living of the author and the composer.^{[1144/2014 Art.63(2)]}
• Where a work is made public without indication of the author’s name, generally known pseudonym or signature, copyright lasts for 70 years after the year in which the work was made public.^{[1144/2014 Art.63(3)]}
• Copyright in a work of unknown authorship that has not been made public lasts 70 years after the end of the year in which the work was created.^{[1144/2014 Art.63(5)]}

Fotos

Under the Consolidated Act No. 1144 of 23 October 2014,

• The person creating a literary or artistic work shall have copyright therein, be it ... a cinematographic or photographic work ...^{[1144/2014 Art.1(1)]}
• The rights in a photographic picture shall last until 50 years have elapsed from the end of the year in which the picture was taken.^{[1144/2014 Art.70(2)]}
• If a photographic picture is subject to copyright according to section 1, this right may also be exercised.^{[1144/2014 Art.70(3)]}
• The provision of this law (Section 70) shall not apply to photographic pictures made before 1 January 1970,^{[1144/2014 Art.89(5)]} that is, such pictures are covered by the previous law from 1993, which specifies protection tern of 25 years after the end of the year in which the image was produced.[9]

The definition of a photographic work, as opposed to image is not precisely defined. However Peter Schønning, a Danish copyright lawyer, states that for a photograph to be a photographic work it must display "the author's own intellectual creation and reflects his personality". Lacking actual court decisions however, interpretation is still subjective.

• On Commons Commons:Deletion requests/File:Aage Bohr.jpg concluded, that it was too simple to be considered photographic work.
• The same was decided in Commons:Deletion requests/File:Peter Martin Madsen (Halsted) by Julius Folkmann.jpg
• Commons:Deletion requests/File:HOLange2.jpg on a portrait photo of a man sitting with a book in a certain stance was concluded being a photographic work.

Karten

Certain maps produced by the Danish government in 1814 or later are subject to perpetual copyright.

This is covered by section 92 of the Danish copyright law. Currently, all maps made by da:Det Kongelige Søkort-Arkiv in 1814 or later, all maps made by da:Generalstabens topografiske Afdeling in 1831 or later and all maps made by their successors remain copyrighted in Denmark. The rights currently belong to da:Styrelsen for Dataforsyning og Effektivisering.

Not protected

Under the Consolidated Act No. 1144 of 23 October 2014: Acts, administrative orders, legal decisions and similar official documents are not subject to copyright. This does not apply to works appearing as independent contributions in these documents, but such works may be reproduced in connection with the documents.^{[1144/2014 Art.9]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Denmark}} – for "photographic works of art" in the public domain according to Danish law.
• {{PD-Denmark50}} – for "photographic images not considered to display artistic merit or originality" that were created before 1 January 1970.
• {{PD-DenmarkGov}} – for "acts, administrative orders, legal decisions and similar official documents," but not "works appearing as independent contributions in the [aforementioned] documents."

• {{DGA map}} – for media in either full extent or partially based in Danish Geodata Agency open public geographic data. This tag does not preclude use of other copyright tags.
• {{Statistics Denmark}} – for media in either full extent or partially based on information from Statistics Denmark. This tag does not preclude use of other copyright tags.
• {{PD-DK-expired}} – for works where all authors have been dead for 70 years, which is the maximum amount of copyright allowed according to the 2023 law.

Währung

 Nicht OK. The National Bank of Denmark states:

• Danmarks Nationalbank regularly receives requests from firms and private individuals about reproduction of banknotes and coins. Any reproduction of money should always be considered carefully since it is a criminal offence to imitate and/or copy money in such a way they can be mistaken for genuine money. Moreover, Danmarks Nationalbank's copyright to the banknote and coin designs must be respected.

Panoramafreiheit

The Little Mermaid

• OK for buildings only: {{FoP-Denmark}}
•  Nicht OK for any public art still in copyright: {{NoFoP-Denmark}} (category-only template)

Under the Consolidated Act No. 1144 of 23 October 2014,

• Buildings may be freely reproduced in pictorial form and then made available to the public."^{[1144/2014 Art.24(3)]}
• Works of art may be reproduced in pictorial form and then made available to the public if they are permanently situated in a public place or road. The provision of the first sentence shall not apply if the work of art is the chief motif and its reproduction is used for commercial purposes."^{[1144/2014 Art.24(2)]}

The famous statue of The Little Mermaid by sculptor Edvard Eriksen (1876–1959) is protected by copyright until 2029, and pictures where it is the main motif cannot be used for commercial purposes.

Stamps

There appears to be no specific provision in the law for stamps and there are no special rules for works created by the government. So stamps are copyrighted following the normal terms of Life + 70 years after the death of the artist or Create/Publish + 70 years if they are created anonymously.

Schöpfungshöhe

Status	Beispiel	Anmerkungen
OK		Three fonts not eligible for copyright protection (Supreme Court 30 June 2006, U2006.2697H). Two other fonts were found eligible for copyright.
OK		Sketches of windows and doors not eligible for copyright protection (The Maritime and Commercial Court 8 August 2003.)
OK		The WWF panda logo is not protected by copyright
Nicht OK		The GLOBAL knife design is copyright protected in Denmark.
Nicht OK		A specific chair design (Tripp Trapp).

Siehe auch

• Danmark
• Category:Danish FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Denmark
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Färöer
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Grönland

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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COM:Estonia

Estland

Urheberrechtsregeln: Estland Kürzel: COM:ESTLAND
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Gemeinschaftswerk	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Nein
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-EE-exempt}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	26. Oktober 1994
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	13. November 1999
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	14. März 2010
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen von Estland, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Estland stammt, sowohl in Estland als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Estland solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

Estland erklärte am 24. Februar 1918 seine Unabhängigkeit von Russland.

• Im Jahr 1940 wurde das Land von der Sowjetunion annektiert und besetzt und am 21. Juli 1940 als Estnische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik in die UdSSR „eingegliedert“.
• Zwischen 1941 und 1944 war Estland von Deutschland besetzt.
• Nach dem Abzug der deutschen Truppen war Estland einige Tage lang frei.
• Danach wurde das Land bis 1991 von der Sowjetunion wieder besetzt. Die sowjetische Besatzung wurde von den Vereinigten Staaten und einer Reihe anderer westlicher Länder nicht anerkannt.

Am 20. August 1991 erlangte Estland seine Unabhängigkeit zurück.

Estonia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 26 October 1994, the World Trade Organization since 13 November 1999 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 14 March 2010.

As of 2018, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act of 11 November 1992 (consolidated text of February 1, 2017) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Estonia. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. The Estonian Ministry of Justice provides the current consolidated text in Estonian. They also provide a consolidated English translation.

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Copyright Act of 11 November 1992 (consolidated text of February 1, 2017),

• The term of protection of copyright is the life of the author and 70 years after his or her death except in the cases prescribed in §§39–42 of this Act.^{[1992/2017 §38(1)]}
• The term of protection of copyright in a work created by two or more persons as a result of their joint creative activity is the life of the last surviving author and 70 years after his or her death.^{[1992/2017 §39]}

• In the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works where the author does not become known, the term of protection of copyright shall run for 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public.^{[1992/2017 §40]}
• The term of protection of copyright in a collective work or work created in the execution of duties runs for 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public.^{[1992/2017 §41(1)]}

• The term of protection of copyright in an audiovisual work expires 70 years after the death of the last surviving author (director, script writer, author of dialogue, author of a musical work specifically created for use in the audiovisual work).^{[1992/2017 §41(1.1)]}
• If a collective work, work created in the execution of duties or audiovisual work is not made available to the public 50 years after creation, the term of protection of copyright expires 70 years after the creation of the work.^{[1992/2017 §41(2)]}

The above terms begin on 1 January of the year following the year of the death of the author, year when the work was lawfully made available to the public or year of creation of the work, as applicable.^{[1992/2017 §43]}

Kollektive Werke

A collective work is a work which consists of contributions of different authors which are united into an integral whole by a natural or a legal person on the initiative and under the management of this person and which is published under the name of this natural or legal person (works of reference, collections of scientific works, newspapers, journals and other periodicals or serials, etc.).^{[1992/2017 §31(1)]} Copyright in a collective work shall belong to the person on whose initiative and under whose management the work was created and under whose name it was published unless otherwise prescribed by contract.^{[1992/2017 §31(2)]} The authors of the works included in a collective work (contributions) shall enjoy copyright in their works and they may use their works independently unless otherwise determined by contract. Authors of contributions are not deemed to be joint authors or co-authors.^{[1992/2017 §31(3)]}

Werke, die nicht dem Urheberrecht unterliegen

Under the Copyright Act of 11 November 1992 (consolidated text of February 1, 2017), copyright does not apply to ideas, images, notions, theories, processes, systems, methods, concepts, principles, discoveries, inventions, and other results of intellectual activities which are described, explained or expressed in any other manner in a work; works of folklore; legislation and administrative documents (acts, decrees, regulations, statutes, instructions, directives) and official translations thereof; court decisions and official translations thereof; official symbols of the state and insignia of organisations (flags, coats of arms, orders, medals, badges, etc.); news of the day; facts and data; ideas and principles which underlie any element of a computer program, including those which underlie its user interfaces.^{[1992/2017 §5]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-EE-exempt}} – copyright does not apply to works of folklore, legislation and administrative documents, court decisions and official translations thereof; official symbols of the state and insignia of organizations. Freedom of panorama in Estonia is restricted to non-commercial uses only, or to overview photos.

Panoramafreiheit

 Nicht OK, only non-commercial use allowed if the work is the main subject. {{NoFoP-Estonia}}

Under the Copyright Act of 11 November 1992 (consolidated text of February 1, 2017): It is permitted to reproduce works of architecture, works of visual art, works of applied art or photographic works which are permanently located in places open to the public, without the authorisation of the author and without payment of remuneration, by any means except for mechanical contact copying, and to communicate such reproductions of works to the public except if the work is the main subject of the reproduction and it is intended to be used for direct commercial purposes. If the work specified in this section carries the name of its author, it shall be indicated in communicating the reproduction to the public.^{[1992/2017 §20¹]}

An obviously unsuitable freedom of panorama for architecture exists, in which architecture can be freely used, but for purpose of "real estate advertisements" only.^{[1992/2017 §20²]}

Währung

OK. Estonian currency was removed from the public domain in 2000. However, Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank), which holds the copyright to the design of the currency, has allowed reproduction under certain terms:

• Banknotes: As long as reproductions in advertising or illustrations cannot be mistaken for genuine banknotes they can be used without prior authorisation of the Bank of Estonia. Same kind of restrictions apply to reproductions of Estonian kroon banknotes as do to euro banknotes.

• Coins: Reproduction in a non-relief (drawings, paintings, films) format is authorised, provided they are not detrimental to the image of the Estonian kroon.

Please use {{EEK banknote}} or {{EEK coin}} for Estonian currency images.

Siehe auch

• Eesti
• Category:Estonian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Estonia
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Territorium/Europäische Union
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Sowjetunion

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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COM:Faroe Islands

Färöer

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Färöer Kürzel: COM:Faroe Islands
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Fotografie	Erstellung + 50 Jahre
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{Anonymous-EU}} {{Faroe stamps}}
Abkommen

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der Färöer Inseln, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das von den Färöer Inseln stammt, sowohl auf den Färöer Inseln als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werks von den Färöer-Inseln solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

Die Färöer Inseln sind ein autonomes Land des Königreichs Dänemark.

Das dänische Urheberrechtsgesetz, Konsolidiertes Gesetz über das Urheberrecht (Konsolidiertes Gesetz Nr. 1144 vom 23. Oktober 2014), gilt nicht für die Färöer, kann aber durch eine königliche Verordnung ganz oder teilweise auf den Färöern in Kraft gesetzt werden, vorbehaltlich der Änderungen, die aufgrund der besonderen Bedingungen auf den Färöern erforderlich sind.^{[1144/2014 Artikel 93]}

Das geltende Urheberrechtsgesetz auf den Inseln ist das Parlamentsgesetz Nr. 30 vom 30. April 2015 zum Urheberrecht.

Allgemeine Regeln

According to the Faroese law of 2013, since amended:

• Works are protected for the term of life of the author plus 70 years (= {{PD-old-70}}) (§ 53, 1)
• Anonymous works are protected with a copyright term of 70 years after the work was made available to the public if the author never disclosed their identity (= {{Anonymous-EU}}) (§ 53, 2)
• Photographic images are protected for the rest of the year they were created + 50 full years. (§ 58)

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Faroe stamps}} – für Faraöische Briefmarken, die gemeinfrei sind.

Freedom of panorama

• OK architecture only.
•  Nicht OK public art. Restricted to non-commercial and/or de minimis (or not-the-main-subject) use, but non-commercial content is not allowed on Wikimedia Commons.

According to Løgtingslóg nr. 30 frá 30. apríl 2015 um upphavsrætt (in Faroese text):

• "Tá listaverk varandi er sett upp við veg ella á plássi, har atkomuligt er hjá almenninginum, kann listaverkið verða avmyndað. Ásetingin í 1. pkt. er tó ikki galdandi, um listaverkið er høvuðsevnið í myndini, og myndin verður tikin við vinningi fyri eyga."^{[30/2015 §24.2.]}
• "Bygningar kunnu frítt avmyndast."^{[30/2015 §24.3.]}

Listaverk - work/s of art. Bygningar - building/s.

Briefmarken

use {{PD-Faroe stamps}}

Siehe auch

• Føroyar
• Category:Faroese FOP cases
• Category:Stamps of the Faroe Islands
• Template talk:Faroe stamps
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Dänemark

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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COM:Finland

Finnland

Urheberrechtsregeln: Finnland Kürzel: COM:FINNLAND
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Für Gebäude
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Nein
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Finland50}} {{PD-Finland}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	1. April 1928
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	14. März 2010
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen von Finnland, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Finnland stammt, sowohl in Finnland als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Finnland solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Finnland ist seit dem 1. April 1928 Mitglied des Berner Übereinkommen, seit dem 1. Januar 1995 Mitglied der Welthandelsorganisation und hat am 14. März 2010 den WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag unterzeichnet.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act (Act No. 404/1961 of July 8, 1961, as amended up to Act No. 972/2016 of November 18, 2016) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Finland. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

The Finnish Ministry of Justice website holds an English translation of the Copyright Act 404/1961, with amendments up to 608/2015 on its website. Finlex holds up-to-date Finnish and Swedish versions of the act.

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Copyright Act 404/1961, with amendments up to 608/2015,

• Copyright subsists until 70 years have elapsed from the year of the author's death or, in the case of a work of joint authorship, from the year of death of the last surviving author.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.43(1)]}
• Copyright in a cinematographic work subsists until 70 years have elapsed from the year of the death of the last of the following to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for use in the cinematographic work.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.43(1)]}

• Copyright in a musical work with lyrics, when the lyrics and music have been specifically created for the work, subsists until 70 years have elapsed from the death of the last surviving lyricist or composer, whether or not they have been appointed as the authors of the musical work with lyrics.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.43(2)]}

• Copyright in a work made public without mention of the author's name or generally known pseudonym or pen name shall subsist until 70 years have elapsed from the year in which it was made public.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.44(1)]}
  • If the identity of the author is disclosed during the period referred to in subsection 1, the provisions of section 43 shall apply.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.44(2)]}
  • The copyright in a work not made public, whose author is unknown, shall subsist until 70 years have elapsed from the year in which the work was created.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.44(3)]}

• Anyone who for the first time publishes or makes public a previously unpublished work for which the protection has expired obtains a right that subsists until 25 years have elapsed from the year in which the work was published.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.44a]}

Photographs that are not works of art

The right to a photographic picture [that does not qualify as a "work of art"] shall be in force until 50 years have elapsed from the end of the year during which the photographic picture was made.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.49a]}

Photographs considered to be "works of art" are protected normally for 70 years after the death of the work's creator.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.43]} The difference between a photograph and a photographic work of art is not precisely defined. To qualify as a work of art, the photograph must express personal vision such that no other person can be expected to have produced a similar image. As an example, the (legally not binding) statement by the Finnish Copyright Council states that this photograph of Paavo Nurmi "— is, despite its historical importance, a regular photograph of contemporary events. The photograph does not demonstrate original and personal contribution on the part of the photographer and so it cannot be regarded as a photographic work (of art)."

An amendment to the Copyright Act (1991) extended the copyright time from 25 years (according to the 1961 copyright law) to 50 years. However, material already released to public domain according to the 1961 law remain in public domain and therefore all photographs (but not photographic works of art) released before 1966 are in the public domain (and were in the public domain at the URAA date).

Photographs featuring works of art exhibited in public spaces can only be used for non-commercial purposes other than in certain contexts (similar to "fair use"), unless it is clear that the work is not the main subject in the photo (freedom of panorama). Taking photographs of buildings (works of architecture) is explicitly allowed, but photographing single, private homes or yards may be illegal based on privacy laws.

Fotos von Menschen

The law regarding images of living people is unclear and the advice below is mostly deduced from recommendations, case law and legal literature. Possible consequences of the Data Protection Directive of the EU and related domestic legislation have not been considered below.

Domestic privacy (kotirauha, hemfrid): people in private yards, homes or similar places (which includes temporary overnighting facilities, such as tents) may not be observed by technical means, nor photographed, other than rightfully (which may open for de minimis defence in some cases).

Photos of people who are of public interest (famous politicians, artists, sportsmen) and who are carrying out their public duties or going about their usual work may be published without consent. In case of politicians, public officials and important persons in economical life, photos of private life may also be published in certain cases, where the information is important for their role and for public interest.

Photos of regular people in public places may only be published without their consent if the person is clearly not the main subject of the image and the picture does not cause damage, suffering or despise to the person in the picture. Photographs of public events or regular life in the streets should be unproblematic, unless some individual people are shown prominently or somebody is doing something stupid. In the latter case, whether showing the incident is unimportant, and whether the person did not intend the action to be public, should be considered.

However, if the person can be identified, the image may not be used in advertisement (commercially or non-commercially) without consent. Even when a person is not clearly identifiable, using a picture with the person as the main subject may require their consent. The images should be marked with {{Personality rights}} as the uploader may be held responsible for allowing such use.

Nicht geschützt

Under the Copyright Act 404/1961, with amendments up to 608/2015, there shall be no copyright:^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.9(1)]}

• In laws and decrees;
• In resolutions, stipulations and other documents which are published under the Act on the Statutes of Finland (188/2000) and the Act on the Regulations of Ministries and other Government Authorities (189/2000);

• Treaties, conventions and other corresponding documents containing international obligations;
• Decisions and statements issued by public authorities or other public bodies;
• Translations of documents referred to above made by or commissioned by public authorities or other public bodies.

As of the 2005 revision, copyright protection continues to apply to independent works contained in the documents referred to in the list above.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.9(1)]} A work that is part of or attached to a decision or something similar is often such that it was not produced specifically as a part of the decision or as an attachment to it. In such a case, it is not reasonable that the attached work should also automatically lose copyright protection. An example is a work of fine art included in currency. This applies to independent works included in both the text of the document and its appendices. These independent works could be reproduced in connection with the document in question and used separately from the document for the purpose to which the document is related, but due to these restrictions the document or the protected independent work it contains cannot be uploaded to Commons.

The textual, and in many cases the graphical, representations of Finnish coat of arms of municipalities, regions and provinces are considered to be part of decisions of public bodies and therefore they are not protected by copyright. According to the opinions of the Finnish Copyright Council even the graphical representation is thought (at least in these cases) not to be protected by copyright.

Either the graphical representations were part of the decisions of the municipalities (whether they could be considered works of art was thought to be irrelevant), or the alterations made did not meet the requirements for an original work of art. The coats of arms of historical provinces and other historical coats of arms are not protected by copyright: if there has been any copyright, it has expired.

Coats of arms of new entities should be analysed on a case-by-case basis. Usually they are based on old coats of arms and not eligible, but there is no guarantee unless they are included in public decisions. Some unofficial coats of arms, e.g. for former municipalities, which never had official coats of arms, are private creations under copyright, provided they reach the threshold of originality.

Reproductions of out-of-copyright works

National recommendations (JHS 189) for open licensing in Finland is CC-BY and most of the open digital archives are following it. A digitised work (particularly of a three-dimensional object) could lead to protection by a related right as a non original photograph. The Copyright council has stated that the start time of copyright protection of a photograph is when the photograph is taken. Reproductions of out of copyright photographs are copies and do not get new copyright protection.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Finland50}} – for photographic simple images in the public domain according to Finnish law.
• {{PD-Finland}} – for works of art (photographic included) in the public domain according to Finnish law. Same as {{PD-old-70}} for Finnish works.
• {{PD-FinlandGov}} – for laws, statements and decisions of Finnish officials.

• {{PD-Coa-Finland}} – for Finnish coats of arms of municipalities, districts or administrative or historical provinces.
• {{PD-FinlandStamp}} – for postage stamps published before January 1, 1990.
• {{PD-Kansallisarkisto}} – for archives material from the digital database of Finnish National Archives Service
• {{PD-Raita}} – for records from the Raita database.

Währung

 Nicht OK. Some exceptions do apply. The Bank of Finland claims that using images of banknotes and Euro coins is subject to permission. For Euro banknotes and the shared side of Euro coins: see COM:CRT/European Union:Currency. For markka banknotes, permission has been granted given provided certain guidelines are followed, see below. There is a statement from the Finnish Copyright Council (a semi-official body giving advice on copyright) that the use of an image on a markka coin is not subject to copyright, as the designs of coins were part of decrees. The statement could apply more broadly.

Decisions by governmental institutions are excepted from copyright. This includes images that are part of the decisions (see e.g. statement 1989:13 of the Finnish Copyright Council, on using the image of a coin), unless those are separate works, which is thought to apply only in unusual cases. In the old law on money there was no mention of copyright. Thus the images on markka banknotes and coins should be in the public domain, and likewise the images on the national side of euro coins.

There might be copyright issues, independent of the copyright by governmental bodies, if a design element is a derived work of a pre-existing work. The last 20 mark and 100 mark banknotes are known to be encumbered by this.

Counterfeit legislation does apply: it is criminal to publish images that are confusingly similar to legal tender (chapter 37, article 7 of the penal code). For instructions about Euro notes and coins see above.

The Bank of Finland claims it has copyright on Finnish (i.e. mark) banknotes and states that illegal reproduction of banknotes is punishable as counterfeit or fraud according to chapter 33 and 36 of the Penal Code (these seem not to apply to good faith use), or as breach of copyright.

Sources:

• On copyright protection of the common face design of the euro coins.
• Bank of Finland 2015 guide how to use pictures of the notes.
• Decision of the European central bank of 19 April 2013 on the denominations, specifications, reproduction, exchange and withdrawal of euro banknotes (recast)
• The penal code chapter 37, article 7, and chapter 33 and 36.
• Statement of the Finnish Copyright Council on using an image of the markka coin
• Statement of the Finnish Copyright Council on using an image of the Finnish flag, about coins is summarized
• Statement of the Finnish Copyright Council on coats of arms of municipalities, where the applicability of article 9 of the copyright law is discussed
• Old law on money

De minimis

Under the Copyright Act 404/1961, with amendments up to 608/2015,

• Works of art made public may be reproduced in pictorial form in material connection with the text: 1) in a critical or scientific presentation; and 2) in a newspaper or a periodical when reporting on a current event, provided that the work has not been created in order to be reproduced in a newspaper or a periodical.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.25(1)]}
• When a copy of a work of art has, with the consent of the author, been sold or otherwise permanently transferred, the work of art may be incorporated into a photograph, a film, or a television programme if the reproduction is of a subordinate nature in the photograph, film or programme.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.25(2)]}

Panoramafreiheit

• OK for buildings only: {{FoP-Finland}}
•  Nicht OK for other works of art, including sculptures (non-commercial only): {{NoFoP-Finland}} (category-only template)

Under the Copyright Act 404/1961, with amendments up to 608/2015,

• A work of art may be reproduced in pictorial form ... if the work is permanently placed at, or in the immediate vicinity of, a public place. If the work of art is the leading motive of the picture, the picture may not be used for the purpose of gain. A picture having a material connection to the text may, however, be included in a newspaper or a periodical.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.25a(3)]}
• A building may be freely reproduced in pictorial form.^{[404/1961–2015 Sec.25a(4)]}

Buildings (works of architecture) are the only copyrighted works in public space from Finland that can be hosted on Wikimedia Commons. Non-commercial licensing is not accepted on Commons as per Commons:Licensing (which is backed by the Definition of Free Cultural Works). Images of works of art permanently located in public places in Finland can only be used non-commercially or as illustrations to texts in newspapers and periodicals. Published works of art may also be used as illustrations to scientific texts or criticism, according to Article 25.

Briefmarken

Åland has its own laws on postal matters; the discussion below does not concern stamps of Åland.

Stamps issued before 1990

Before 1990 stamps were issued by a public body whose decisions and statements are not protected by copyright. See #Not protected (above). If an image of a stamp was included in a public body's decision or statement and the stamp is not an independent work, the image would be free of copyright as part of the document, the document can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and the image can be cropped from this document. Use {{PD-FinlandStamp}} in these cases.

It is uncertain how the above affects the copyright of stamps depicted in other places. The precautionary principle is that we assume a stamp is copyrighted unless proven otherwise. A copyrighted stamp will lose copyright protection 70 years after the author's death or 70 years after publication if the author is anonymous. Information on the author of a stamp will often be available at Postimuseo's Postimerkkiselain, and should be included in the stamp description where available. Use {{PD-old-70}} or {{PD-anon-70}} in these cases.

Stamps issued from 1990

Posts and Telecommunications of Finland became a state-owned enterprise known as Posti-Tele in 1990. It is not clear whether this entity and its successors retained the status of public bodies. The precautionary principle is that we assume it did not, and any new stamps issued from 1990 onward remain copyrighted.

Schöpfungshöhe

For works of visual art, the threshold of originality is relatively low. Simple logos, however, are generally below the threshold of originality. In particular, the threshold is high when only basic colors and shapes (such as triangles, squares and circles or capital letters) are used.

OK		Simple photograph with limited copyright period – not a photographic work of art. (TN 2003:6)
OK		Differences compared to the coat of arms of the historic region did not meet threshold of originality. (TN 1998:5)
Nicht OK	Commons:Deletion_requests/Aalto_vases	"The wave-like forms of the [original Aalto vases] do not... result from the intended use of the object but the creative mental effort of the author. [Therefore the original vases] are independent and original enough to be considered works of art as meant in 1 § of [the Finnish Copyright law]" (p. 4). (TN 2010:10)
OK	A specific house type	(Eurohouse S 2, court ruling)
OK		The logo is below the threshold of originality because it is "ordinary and [does] not express an independent and original result of a creative process of its author. Somebody else in undertaking a comparable task could have contrived a similar ... logo". (TN 2000:1)
Nicht OK	Save the Children Fund logo	The logo is above the threshold of originality, because its "visual manifestation is the creative work of its author, whereby the ideological basis of the fund has been successfully conformed with in an independent and original manner... [N]o one else undertaking a comparable task could have reached a similar outcome". (TN 2010:3)
OK	and	The logos are "in their literary and visual manifestation simple and ordinary to the degree that they are not to be regarded as original works in their own regard." (TN 2009:2)
OK		The logo is "is not original and independent in such a way that it would be protected ... by copyright". (TN 2011:7)
OK		The logo is below the threshold of originality because "its central elements and the way in which they have been combined are commonly used in logos and are thus ordinary". (TN 2000:1)
Nicht OK	"Silmu" logo	Although the logo consists of a "stylized, albeit fairly simple, red tulip", it is above the threshold of originality for works of visual art. (TN 2001:12)

Siehe auch

• Finland
• Category:Finnish FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Finland
• Category:Stamps of Finland

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Bailiwick of Guernsey

Guernsey

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Guernsey Kürzel: COM:Guernsey
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	GGY
Abkommen

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der Vogtei Guernsey, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus der Vogtei Guernsey stammt, sowohl in Guernsey als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Guernsey solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Guernsey is a "territory for which the United Kingdom is responsible" rather than a sovereign state. It is not a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Copyright laws are defined by the Copyright (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Ordinance, 2005. The extent of law covers the whole Bailiwick, and therefore covers Guernsey, Sark, and Alderney (and for the avoidance of doubt, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, Burhou and any other territories of the Bailiwick).

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Copyright (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Ordinance, 2005,

• Copyright in literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.^{[2005 Section 13 (1)]}
• If the work is of unknown authorship, copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made, or if during that period the work is made available to the public, at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is first so made available.

^{[2005 Section 13 (3)]}

• If the work is computer-generated, copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[ Section 13 (7)]}
• For a work of joint authorship, copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the last surviving known author dies.

^{[2005 Section 13 (8)]}

• For sound recordings, copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the recording is made, published or communicated to the public, whichever is later.^{[2005 Section 14]}
• For films, copyright expires as with a work of joint authorship, where the co-authors are considered to be the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue, and the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.^{[2005 Section 15]}

Panoramafreiheit

OK: for buildings, sculptures and works of artistic craftsmanship.  Nicht OK: for photographs, paintings etc.

Under the Copyright (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Ordinance, 2005, 82: representation of certain artistic works on public display",

• This section applies to (a) buildings, and (b) sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.^{[2005 Section 82(1)]}
• The copyright in any of those works is not infringed by (a) making a graphic work representing it (b) making a photograph or film of it, or (c) making a broadcast of a visual image of it.^{[2005 Section 82(2)]}
• Nor is the copyright infringed by the issue to the public of copies, or the communication to the public, of anything whose making was, by virtue of this section, not an infringement of the copyright.^{[2005 Section 82(3)]}

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Ireland

Irland

Urheberrechtsregeln: Irland Kürzel: COM:IRLAND
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	For 3D works and "works of artistic craftsmanship"
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-IrishGov}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	5. Oktober 1927
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	20. Januar 1959
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	14. März 2010
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Ireland relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Ireland must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Ireland and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Ireland, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Ireland has been a member of the Berne Convention since 5 October 1927, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 14 March 2010.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (No. 28 of 2000) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Ireland. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

This act was amended by the Copyright and Related Rights (Amendment) Act 2004, which made it clear that a work could be displayed in public without violating copyright. It was further amended by the Copyright and Related Rights (Amendment) Act 2007, which clarified the position on lending by public libraries.

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (No. 28 of 2000),

• The copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work, or an original database expires 70 years after the death of the author, irrespective of the date on which the work is first lawfully made available to the public.^{[28/2000 Sec.24(1)]}
• The copyright in a work specified in subsection (1) which is anonymous or pseudonymous expires 70 years after the date on which the work is first lawfully made available to the public.^{[28/2000 Sec.24(2)]}
  • In respect of an anonymous or pseudonymous work (a) where the pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his or her identity, (b) where the author discloses his or her identity, or (c) where his or her identity becomes known during the 70 years from the date on which the work is first lawfully made available to the public, the copyright in that work expires 70 years after the death of that author.^{[28/2000 Sec.24(3)]}

• Subject to subsection 25(2), the copyright in a film expires 70 years after the last of the following persons dies, namely: (a) the principal director of the film; (b) the author of the screenplay of the film; (c) the author of the dialogue of the film; (d) the author of music specifically composed for use in the film.^{[28/2000 Sec.25(1)]}
  • Where a film is first lawfully made available to the public during the period of 70 years following the death of the last of the persons specified in subsection (1), the copyright in that film expires 70 years after the date of such making available.^{[28/2000 Sec.25(2)]}

• The copyright in a sound recording expires (a) 50 years after the sound recording is made, or (b) where it is first lawfully made available to the public during the period specified in paragraph (a), 50 years after the date of such making available.^{[28/2000 Sec.26]}
• The copyright in a broadcast expires 50 years after the broadcast is first lawfully transmitted.^{[28/2000 Sec.27(1)]}
• The copyright in a cable programme expires 50 years after the cable programme is first lawfully included in a cable programme service.^{[28/2000 Sec.28(1)]}

• The copyright in a typographical arrangement of a published edition expires 50 years after the date on which it is first lawfully made available to the public.^{[28/2000 Sec.29]}
• Where a term of copyright is provided for in this Act, the term shall be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the event that gives rise to that term.^{[28/2000 Sec.35]}

Government copyright

• Where a work is made by an officer or employee of the Government or of the State, in the course of his or her duties, the work qualifies for copyright protection.^{[28/2000 Sec.191(1)]}
• The Government shall be the first owner of the copyright in a work to which subsection (1) applies.^{[28/2000 Sec.191(2)]}
• Government copyright in a work shall expire 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[28/2000 Sec.191(4)]}

• Where a work is made by or under the direction or control of either or both of the Houses of the Oireachtas, the work qualifies for copyright protection.^{[28/2000 Sec.193(1)]}
• Oireachtas copyright in a work shall expire 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[28/2000 Sec.193(3)]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-IrishGov}} – Irish government works are generally released to the public domain 50 years after creation.
• {{PD-Ireland-anon}} – For works whose author remains unknown and at least 70 years have passed since it was available to the public.

Währung

 Nicht OK Irish pre-euro money and the Irish side of euro coins are copyrighted. According to the Copyright Law of 2000, Chapter 24: Copyright: Legal Tender; Irish coins and bank notes are copyrighted, even if issued before that provision became effective.^{[28/2000 Sec.200(3)]} That is, older coins and bank notes are retroactively placed under copyright. The copyright on legal tender is perpetual, i.e. does not expire at all. The act applies to all coins and banknotes issued since 1926.^{[28/2000 Sec.200(9)]}

Euro banknotes are, however, free to use; see {{Money-EU}}.

De minimis

Under the Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (No. 28 of 2000),

• The copyright in a work is not infringed by its inclusion in an incidental manner in another work.^{[28/2000 Sec.52(1)]}
• A work shall not be regarded as included in an incidental manner in another work where it is included in a manner where the interests of the owner of the copyright are unreasonably prejudiced.^{[28/2000 Sec.52(3)]}

According to Pascal Kamina, the Irish legislation is similar to the legislation in the United Kingdom from 1988.

Panoramafreiheit

OK for 3D works {{FoP-Ireland}}

OK for 2D "works of artistic craftsmanship" {{FoP-Ireland}}

 Not OK for other types of artistic works

Under the Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (No. 28 of 2000), Section 93,

• This section applies to the copyright in (a) buildings, and (b) sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, where permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.^{[28/2000 Sec.93(1)]}
• The copyright in a work to which this section applies is not infringed by (a) making a painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart, plan, engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut, print or similar thing representing it, (b) making a photograph or film of it, or (c) broadcasting or including in a cable programme service, an image of it.^{[28/2000 Sec.93(2)]}

• The copyright in a work to which this section applies is not infringed by the making available to the public of copies of anything the making of which is not, by virtue of this section, an infringement of the copyright in the work.^{[28/2000 Sec.93(3)]}

The Copyright and Related Rights (Amendment) Act 2004 clarified the position:

• For the avoidance of doubt, no infringement of any right created by this Part in relation to an artistic or literary work occurs by reason of the placing on display the work, or a copy thereof, in a place or premises to which members of the public have access.^{[28/2000-2004 Sec.40(7(a))]} This does not, however, allow distribution of copies of artistic works.

Irish law is in this respect modeled on UK law, and in the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be identical. See COM:FOP UK for more details.

Schöpfungshöhe

 Unknown

Despite uncertainty on the required level of originality needed to qualify for copyright protection, images that have been retained on Commons include:

! Image !! Description !! Discussion

ISPCA official logo

Commons:Deletion requests/File:ISPCA official logo.png

Briefmarken

Irish stamps issued by the Department of Posts and Telegraphs before 1984 are official works and those over 50 years old are in the public domain (published before 1 January 1974). Use {{PD-IrishGov}} to tag them. Since 1 January 1984, when An Post was established Irish stamps are copyright to the company.

Siehe auch

• Ireland
• Category:Irish FOP cases
• Category:License tags of the Republic of Ireland
• Category:Postage stamps of Ireland

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Iceland

Island

Urheberrechtsregeln: Island Kürzel: COM:ISLAND
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	No
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	7. September 1947
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	18. Dezember 1956
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Iceland relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Iceland must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Iceland and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Iceland, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Iceland has been a member of the Berne Convention since 7 September 1947 and the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Copyright Act (Act No. 73/1972 of May 29, 1972, as amended up to Act No. 90/2018 of June 27, 2018) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Iceland. WIPO holds the text of this law in Icelandic with an automated translation tool, in their WIPO Lex database. The Patent Office holds an English-language translation up to 2010.

Allgemeine Regeln

As of 2018 the rules were:

• Copyright lasts until 70 years have elapsed from the start of the year after the author's death.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.43]}
• For works of joint authorship, copyright lasts until 70 years have elapsed from the last surviving author's death.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.43]}
• Copyright for musical compositions with words, where the words and music were written specifically for the work, lasts for 70 years from the start of the year after the death of the last survivor of the lyricist and the composer.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.43]}

• Copyright for cinematographic works lasts until 70 years from the start of the year after the death of the last survivor of the principal director, writers, including the dialogues, composers of the music composed especially for use in the cinematographic works.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.43]}
• Copyright in an anonymous work expires 70 years after the end of the year in which it was presented. However, if the author becomes known within that period, Article 43 applies.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.44]}
• If an anonymous work is not presented, the copyright in it expires 70 years after the end of the year in which it was created.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.44]}

• When a work has not been publicly presented within the period of protection mentioned in Article 43 or 44, the person who first presents the work after the period of protection may exercise a right to commercial exploitation of the work equivalent to that enjoyed by the author for 25 years from the end of the year of the presentation.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.44a]}
• A performer's right in a performance expires 50 years from the end of the year in which the performance occurred, or, if a recording of the performance has been distributed to the public, 50 years from the end of the year in which the recording was first distributed.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.45]}

• Audio and video recordings may not be reproduced or publicly distributed without the producer's consent unless 50 years from the end of the year in which the original recording was made, or, if a recording has been distributed to the public, 50 years from the end of the year in which the recording was first distributed.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.46]}
• The copyright in a photograph that is not an artistic work expires 50 years after the end of the year in which it was taken.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.49]}

Werke der Regierung

• Acts, regulations, administrative provisions, court rulings and similar official documents, as well as official translation of such documents, are not copyrighted.^{[73/1972-2018 Art.9]}
• In addition, unless prohibited by court order, it is permissible to print, make an audio recording, or otherwise copy and present proceedings of public meetings of official representatives and documents publicly submitted during such meetings which concern such representatives, and "debates on questions concerning the public good which take place at gatherings to which the public has access or are broadcast".^{[73/1972-2018 Art.22]}

Währung

Coins designed after December 31, 1953 (current year minus 71 years)

 Nicht OK Copyrights for coins designed after December 31, 1953 are held by the Central Bank of Iceland.

Coins designed before January 1, 1954 (current year minus 70 years)

OK Iceland Currency becomes public domain because the Icelandic Copyright law (§49) specifies that images considered to be "works of art" become public domain 70 years after creation. Please use {{Icelandic currency}} for currency designed before January 1, 1954.

De minimis

An unofficial translation of Article 10a of the Icelandic copyright act reads:

• Authors’ exclusive rights under Article 3 (cf. Article 2), shall not apply to the making of reproductions (copies) that are transient or incidental...^{[73/1972-2018 Art.10a(1)]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Iceland50}} – for Icelandic photos not considered to be "works of art" 50 years after they were created.
• {{PD-Iceland}} – for Icelandic photos not considered to be "works of art" 50 years after they were created.
• {{PD-IcelandGov}} – for official documents of Iceland or their translations.
• {{PD-IS-exempt}} – for works covered under {{IcelandGov}}, certain debates, and legal proceedings except collections of a single author's works.
• {{PD-Vegagerdin}} – for depictions of Icelandic road signs by Vegagerðin.

• {{PD-old-70}}
  • {{PD-anon-70-IS}} – for works of art first published over 70 years ago where the author is unknown.
  • {{PD-IS-currency}} – for Icelandic currency designed over 70 years ago.
  • {{Icelandic stamp}} – for images of Icelandic stamps more than 70 years old.

Panoramafreiheit

 Nicht OK {{NoFoP-Iceland}}

In regard to the freedom of panorama, the unofficial translation of Article 16 reads:

• Photographs may be taken and presented of buildings, as well as works of art, which have been situated permanently out-of-doors in a public location. Should a building, which enjoys protection under the rules concerning works of architecture, or a work of art as previously referred to, comprise the principal motif in a photograph which is exploited for marketing purposes, the author shall be entitled to remuneration, unless the pictures are intended for use by a newspaper or in television broadcasting."^{[73/1972-2018 Art.16]}

In essence, Icelandic "freedom of panorama" images are free only for non-commercial uses. Overview photos in which no single copyrighted work is the main subject of the image should be fine.

Threshold for artistic work in photography

Article 1, subsection 2, of the copyright act includes "photographic art" as one of the art forms that merit protection as works of art, meaning that the work is copyrighted for 70 years beyond the death of the author. Photographic work that does not meet the threshold of being considered artistic work is however protected according to article 49 which grants the creator of non-artistic photographs exclusive rights to reproduction for 50 years from the date of publication. It is clear from explanatory supplement (pdf) that accompanied the bill that became the Copyright Act of 1972 that most photography was not intended to be protected as "artistic work" and that regular phography done by photographers as tradesmen would not qualify.

Two known court cases in Iceland have grappled with the distinction between artistic and non-artistic photography. In Supreme Court case no 178/2013, it was found that a landscape photograph from Jökulsárlón that had been used for commercial purposes without permission from the photographer did constitute enough original and independent thought from the photographer to be counted as "artistic work". This was supported by the technical complexity of the photograph that had been achieved with particular skills on part of the photographer. The ruling also states that (in unofficial translation): "For a work to enjoy this protection [as "artistic work"] it needs to result from the mental creativity of the author, meaning that it demonstrates a particular level of originilaty and uniqueness. Photographs will generally not be defined as artistic work in this sense but photographs that do not demonstrate this level of artistic creativity are still protected to a degree according to article 49 of the Copyright Act."

In the ruling of the Reykjavík District Court in case E-6726/2008 it was found that two photographs that a magazine published without permission from the photographers did not demonstrate the level of creativity and originality that would categorize them as "artistic work". It was however accepted in this case that article 49 protections applied to the photographs. One of the photographs in this case was a portrait of the photographer himself that had been taken with a timer and a tripod in his own studio, the other was a candid shot of a woman.

From the above court cases and the explanatory supplement with the original bill of the Copyright Act it is clear that photographs need to pass a fairly high bar to be considered "artistic work" and that most photographs published in Iceland fall under article 49, and thus become public domain 50 years after publication.

Siehe auch

• Ísland
• Category:Icelandic FOP cases

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Isle of Man

Isle of Man

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Isle of Man Kürzel: COM:ISLE OF MAN
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	IMN
Abkommen
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	Siehe COM:CRT/United Kingdom
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of the Isle of Man relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in the Isle of Man must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both the Isle of Man and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from the Isle of Man, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Hintergrund

The Isle of Man is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland.

The relevant copyright law is The Copyright Act 1991, as amended up to the Copyright (Amendment) Regulations 2013. This act replaced the United Kingdom's Copyright Act 1956. The Copyright Act 1991 was largely based on the United Kingdom's Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (Part I) Subsequent amendments have extended the duration of copyright and covered electronic transmission of works.

A copy of The Copyright Act 1991 is held on the Isle of Man legislation website. The Tynwald website holds the Copyright (Amendment) Regulations 2013, effective 1 April 2013, which give changes that are not reflected in the text of th 1991 act.

Dauer

Under The Copyright Act 1991, as amended up to 2013,

• Copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work expires 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.^{[1991-2013 Sec.12(2)]}
• If the work is of unknown authorship, copyright expires (a) 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made, or (b) if during that period the work is made available to the public, 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is first so made available.

^{[1991-2013 Sec.12(3)]}

• If the work is computer-generated the above provisions do not apply and copyright expires 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[1991-2013 Sec.12(7)]}
• The above (Section 12) does not apply to Crown copyright or Tynwald copyright (see sections 156 to 159).

^{[1991-2013 Sec.12(9)]}

• The copyright in a sound recording expires at the later of (a) 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the recording is made, or (b) 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is first published, or made available to the public.^{[1991-2013 Sec.13(2)]}
• Copyright in a film expires 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the death occurs of the last to die of the following persons (a) the principal director, (b) the author of the screenplay, (c) the author of the dialogue, or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.^{[1991-2013 Sec.13A(2)]}

Crown copyright

Under The Copyright Act 1991,

• Where a work is made by Her Majesty or by an officer or servant of the Crown in the course of his duties (a) the work qualifies for copyright protection notwithstanding section 148(l) (ordinary requirement as to qualification for copyright protection), and (b) Her Majesty is the first owner of any copyright in the work.^{[1991-2013 Sec.156(1)]}
• Copyright in such a work is referred to in this Act as “Crown copyright”, notwithstanding that it may be, or have been, assigned to another person.

^{[1991-2013 Sec.156(2)]}

• A map prepared in pursuance of the Isle of Man Survey Act 1991 shall be deemed to be such a work as is mentioned in subsection (1).^{[1991-2013 Sec.156(2A)]}
• Crown copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work continues to subsist (a) until the end of the period of 125 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made, or (b) if the work is published commercially before the end of the period of 75 years from the end of the calendar year in which it was made, until the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it was first so published.^{[1991-2013 Sec.156(3)]}

Panoramafreiheit

OK For buildings, sculptures and works of artistic craftsmanship. Under The Copyright Act 1991,

• This section applies to (a) buildings, and (b) sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.

^{[1991-2013 Sec.62(1)]}

• The copyright in such a work is not infringed by (a) making a graphic work representing it, (b) making a photograph or film of it, or (c) making a broadcast of a visual image of it.^{[1991-2013 Sec.62(2)]}
• Nor is the copyright infringed by the issue to the public of copies, or the communication to the public, of anything whose making was, by virtue of this section, not an infringement of the copyright.^{[1991-2013 Sec.62(31)]}

Siehe auch

• Isle of Man - Ellan Vannin
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Vereinigtes Königreich

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Jersey

Jersey

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Jersey Kürzel: COM:JERSEY
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	JEY
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	31 January 2014
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	See COM:CRT/United Kingdom

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Jersey relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Jersey must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Jersey and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Jersey, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Jersey is a "territory for which the United Kingdom is responsible" rather than a sovereign state. It is not a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). However, the United Kingdom's ratification of the Berne Convention extended to the territory of the Bailiwick of Jersey as of 31 January 2014. Copyright laws are defined by the Intellectual Property (Unregistered Rights) (Jersey) Law 2011.

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Intellectual Property (Unregistered Rights) (Jersey) Law 2011,

• Copyright in literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.^{[2011 Section 25 (2)]}
• If the work is unknown authorship, copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made; or if during that period the work is made available to the public, at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is first so made available.^{[2011 Section 25 (3)]}
• If the work is computer-generated, copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.

^{[2011 Section 25 (6)]}

• With a work of joint authorship, copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the last surviving known author dies.^{[2011 Section 25 (2)]}
• For sound recordings, copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the recording is made, published or communicated to the public, whichever is later.^{[2011 Section 26]}
• For films, Copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the death occurs of the last to die of the the principal director; the author of the screenplay; the author of the dialogue; the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.^{[2011 Section 27]}

Panoramafreiheit

OK {{FoP-Jersey}} for buildings, sculptures, works of artistic craftsmanship.  Nicht OK for other types of artistic work

According to the Intellectual Property (Unregistered Rights) (Jersey) Law 2011, Section 90: Representation of certain artistic works on public display,

• This Article applies to (a) buildings; and (b) sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.^{[2011 Section 90(1)]}
• The copyright in such a work is not infringed by making a graphic work representing it; making a photograph or film of it; or making a broadcast of a visual image of it.^{[2011 Section 90(2)]}
• Nor is the copyright infringed by anything done in relation to copies of, or the communication to the public of, anything whose making was, by virtue of this Article, not an infringement of the copyright.^{[2011 Section 90(3)]}

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Latvia

Lettland

Urheberrechtsregeln: Lettland Kürzel: COM:LETTLAND
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	No
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-LV-exempt}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	11. August 1995
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	10. Februar 1999
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	6. März 2002
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Latvia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Latvia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Latvia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Latvia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Hintergrund

Latvia was incorporated in the Russian Empire in 1795. On 18 November 1918 Latvia declared independence. On 5 October 1939 Latvia was forced to accept a "mutual assistance" pact with the Soviet Union. After being occupied by Germany during World War II, Latvia was reoccupied by the Soviets in 1944-45. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia regained independence on 21 August 1991.

Latvia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 11 August 1995, the World Trade Organization since 10 February 1999 and and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Law (as amended up to June 14, 2017) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Latvia. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. Likumi.lv holds a copy of the former 11 May 1993 Law on copyright and related rights.

General rules

Under the Copyright Law of 2000 (as amended up to June 14, 2017),

• Copyright is in effect for the lifetime of an author and for 70 years after their death, except as specified below.^{[2000-2017 Sec.36(1)]}
• Copyright to audio-visual works is in effect for 70 years after the death of the last of: the director; the author of the script; the author of the dialogue; the author of a musical work created for an audio-visual work.^{[2000-2017 Sec.37(1)]}

• Copyright to a work that has legally become available to the public anonymously or under a pseudonym is in effect for 70 years from the time when it has legally become available to the public. If during that time the author reveals his or her identity, or if there is no doubt about the identity, Section 36, Paragraph one of this Law shall apply.^{[2000-2017 Sec.37(2)]}
• Copyright to a work created by co-authors is in effect for the duration of the lives of all the co-authors and for 70 years after the death of the last surviving co-author.^{[2000-2017 Sec.37(3)]}

• With authors whose works were prohibited in Latvia or the use of which was restricted from June 1940 to May 1990, the years of prohibition or restriction are excluded from the term of the copyright.^{[2000-2017 Sec.37(4)]}
• A work, the term of protection of which is not calculated from the moment of the death of the author or authors, protection expires if within 70 years after the creation of such a work it has not lawfully become accessible to the public.^{[2000-2017 Sec.37(6)]}

• Any person, who after expiration of a copyright lawfully publishes or communicates to the public a previously unpublished work, acquires rights which are equivalent to the economic rights of an author, in effect for 25 years from the first publication or the communicating to the public of the work.^{[2000-2017 Sec.37(7)]}
• The copyright terms begin on 1 January of the year following the moment of the creation of rights (legal fact) and expire on 31 December of the year in which the terms referred to above expire.^{[2000-2017 Sec.38]}

• The rights of performers last for 50 years from the first performance. If during this time a fixation of the performance in a phonogram is lawfully published or communicated to the public, the term of protection is 70 years from the day of such publication or communication to the public of the phonogram, depending on which action was the first.^{[2000-2017 Sec.55(1)]}

The law protected works for 50 years after the author's death until 6 April 2000, so that works made by people who died on or before December 31, 1945 were public domain on the URAA date, January 1, 1996.

Nicht geschützt

Under the Copyright Law of 2000 (as amended up to June 14, 2017), the following are not protected by copyright:

• laws and regulations and administrative rulings, other documents issued by State and local government institutions and court adjudications (laws, court judgements, decisions and other official documents), as well as official translations of such texts and official consolidated versions;^{[2000-2017 Sec.6(1)]}
• State approved, as well as internationally recognised official symbols and signs (flags, coats of arms, anthems, and awards), the use of which is subject to specific laws and regulations;^{[2000-2017 Sec.6(2)]}

• maps, the preparation and use of which are determined by laws and regulations;^{[2000-2017 Sec.6(3)]}
• information provided in the press, radio or television broadcasts or other information media concerning news of the day and various facts and events;^{[2000-2017 Sec.6(4)]}
• ideas, methods, processes and mathematical concepts.^{[2000-2017 Sec.6(5)]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-LV-exempt}} – for official Latvian State symbols and insignia (flags, coats of arms, anthems, and awards).

Währung

OK: Under the Copyright Law of 2000 (as amended up to June 14, 2017),

• The Bank of Latvia holds the copyright of lat banknotes. The Bank of Latvia copyright does not affect the right of the author of the images used on the banknotes to be recognised as the author thereof.^{[2000-2017 Sec.17'(1)]}
• It is prohibited to reproduce banknotes in any way, except in the case, where the Bank of Latvia, the European Central Bank, the central bank or state which has emitted such banknotes has provided written permission or the requirements of the Bank of Latvia, the European Central Bank or the relevant state for the reproduction of banknotes. Restrictions on the economic rights of authors shall not apply to banknotes.^{[2000-2017 Sec.17'(2)]}

Copyright for euro banknotes and common side of euro coins is determined by the European Central Bank (see COM:CRT/European Union:Currency), but copyright of national sides of euro coins is determined by national legislation. The Bank of Latvia suggests that the Regulation for Reproducing the Lats Banknotes and Coins must be met to reproduce lats, and ECB Reproduction rules must be met to reproduce euros. All photographic reproductions of banknotes and coins must comply those criteria. Prior to the amendments, which came into force in May 1 2004, currency was public domain in Latvia per both the unamended 2000 law and 1993 law. Therefore any coins or banknotes that were no longer in circulation by 2004 date are public domain.

Please use {{Latvian coins}} for relevant Latvian coins images and {{Latvian banknote}} for images of Latvian banknotes, as {{PD-LV}} does not apply to Latvian currency.

Panoramafreiheit

 Not OK: {{NoFoP-Latvia}} Under the Copyright Law of 2000 (as amended up to June 14, 2017),

• It is permitted to use images of works of architecture, photography, visual arts, design, as well as of applied arts, permanently displayed in public places, for personal use and as information in news broadcasts or reports of current events, or included in works for non-commercial purposes.^{[2000-2017 Sec.25(1)]}

• That which is referred to in this Section shall not apply to cases when the image of a work is an object for further repetition of the work, for broadcast by broadcasting organisations or for the purpose of commercial use of the image of a work.^{[2000-2017 Sec.25(2)]}

The non-commercial use restriction is not acceptable for works uploaded to Commons.

Briefmarken

.

The Copyright Law of 2000 (as amended up to June 14, 2017) says that official symbols and signs (flags, coats of arms, anthems, and awards) are not protected, but does not include stamps in this list. It also says that official documents and official translations of such texts are not protected, but a stamp cannot be considered to be the text of an official document. Under the precautionary principle we must assume that stamps are protected in the normal way.

Siehe auch

• Latvija
• Category:Latvian FOP cases
• Category:Stamps of Latvia
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Sowjetunion

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Lithuania

Litauen

Urheberrechtsregeln: Litauen Kürzel: COM:LITAUEN
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Gemeinschaftswerk	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Nein
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-LT-exempt}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	14. Dezember 1994
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	31. Mai 2001
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	6. März 2002
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen Litauens, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Litauen stammt, sowohl in Litauen als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werks aus Litauen solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

Litauen wurde im späten 18. Jahrhundert vom russischen Reich annektiert. Gegen Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs erklärte Litauen am 16. Februar 1918 seine Unabhängigkeit. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde Litauen abwechselnd von der Sowjetunion, von Deutschland und dann ein zweites Mal von der Sowjetunion besetzt. Am 11. März 1990 erklärte Litauen seine Unabhängigkeit von der Sowjetunion.

Lithuania has been a member of the Berne Convention since 14 December 1994, the WIPO treaty since 6 March 2002 and the World Trade Organization since 31 May 2001.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. VIII-1185 of May 18, 1999, on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to Law No. XII-1183 of October 7, 2014) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Lithuania. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

Allgemeine Regeln

Under Law No. VIII-1185 of 1999, as amended up to Law No. XII-1183 of 2014,

• The author’s economic rights shall run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, irrespective of the date when the work is lawfully made available to the public.^{[1999–2014 Art.34.1]}
• The protection of the author’s moral rights shall be of unlimited duration.^{[1999–2014 Art.34.2]}
• The duration of the authors’ economic rights in a joint work shall run for the life of co-authors and for 70 years after the death of the last surviving author.^{[1999–2014 Art.35.1]}

• In the case of anonymous and pseudonymous works, the term of protection of the authors' economic rights shall run for 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public. However, when the pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his identity, or if the author discloses his identity during the prescribed period, the term of protection of the author's economic rights shall run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death.^{[1999–2014 Art.35.2]}
• In the case of collective works, the term of protection of the authors’ economic rights shall run for 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public. In cases where the natural persons who have created the work leave no doubt as to their identity, provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply.^{[1999–2014 Art.35.5]}

• The term of protection of authors’ economic rights in an audiovisual work shall extend over the life of the principal director, author of the screenplay, author of the dialogue, art director, director of photography and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work, and for 70 years after the death of the last of them to survive.^{[1999–2014 Art.35.7]}
• The economic rights of the authors of a musical composition with words shall run for the life of the authors (the composer of the musical composition and the author of the lyrics) and for 70 years after the death of the last of the authors to survive, whether or not those persons are designated as co-authors, provided that both contributions (music and words) were specifically created for the respective musical composition with words.^{[1999–2014 Art.35.8]}

• A natural or legal person who, after the expiry of copyright protection, for the first time lawfully publishes or lawfully communicates to the public a previously unpublished work, shall benefit from a protection equivalent to the exclusive economic rights in the work, laid down in paragraph 1 of Article 15 of this Law.^{[1999–2014 Art.36.1]} The duration of the rights specified in paragraph 1 of this Article shall extend over 25 years from the date of the first lawful publication of the work or the first lawful communication to the public of the work.^{[1999–2014 Art.36.3]}
• The terms laid down in Articles 34-36 shall be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the event which gives rise to them.^{[1999–2014 Art.37.1]}

Nicht geschützt

Under Law No. VIII-1185 of 1999, as amended up to Law No. XII-1183 of 2014, the following are not subject to copyright:

• ideas, procedures, processes, systems, methods of operation, concepts, principles, discoveries or mere data;^{[1999–2014 Art.5.1]}
• legal acts, official documents texts of administrative, legal or regulative nature (decisions, rulings, regulations, norms, territorial planning and other official documents), as well as their official translations;^{[1999–2014 Art.5.2]}

• official State symbols and insignia (flags, coat-of-arms, anthems, banknote designs, and other State symbols and insignia) the protection of which is regulated by other legal acts;^{[1999–2014 Art.5.3]}
• officially registered drafts of legal acts;^{[1999–2014 Art.5.4]}
• regular information reports on events;^{[1999–2014 Art.5.5]}
• folklore works.^{[1999–2014 Art.5.6]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-LT-exempt}} – for official Lithuanian State symbols and insignia (flags, coats-of-arms, anthems, banknote designs, and other State symbols and insignia).
• {{PD-old-70}} – for works where the author died more than 70 years ago

Währung

OK The designs of Lithuanian currency, including the national sides of its Euro coins, are not copyrighted. Monetary items, together with other state symbols, are explicitly excluded from copyright by article 5 of Copyright law of Lithuania. Please use {{PD-LT-exempt}} for Lithuanian currency images.

Panoramafreiheit

 Nicht OK {{NoFoP-Lithuania}} Commercial use of reproductions of works of architecture or sculpture in public places is not allowed when the work is the main subject and it is used commercially. Under Law No. VIII-1185 of 1999, as amended up to Law No. XII-1183 of 2014, Article 28,

• It shall be permitted to carry out the following acts without the authorisation of an author or any other owner of copyright and without a remuneration, as long as the source, including the author's name, is indicated, unless this turns out to be impossible: to reproduce and make available to the public works of architecture and sculptures, made to be located permanently in public places, except for the cases where they are displayed in exhibitions and museums;^{[1999–2014 Art.28.1.1]}
• The provisions of Art.28.1.1 shall not be applied when a work of architecture or a sculpture is the main subject of representation in the reproduction, and when this is done for direct or indirect commercial advantage.^{[1999–2014 Art.28.2]}

Briefmarken

use {{PD-LT-exempt}}.

Siehe auch

• Lietuva
• Category:Lithuanian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Lithuania
• Category:Stamps of Lithuania
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Sowjetunion

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Norway

Norwegen

Urheberrechtsregeln: Norwegen Kürzel: COM:NORWEGEN
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	For buildings
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-Norway50}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	13. April 1896
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	23. Januar 1962
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Norway relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Norway must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Norway and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Norway, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Norway has been a member of the Berne Convention since 13 April 1896 and the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995.

As of 2020 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act (Act No. 40 of June 15, 2018, Relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works) (consolidated version, status as at December 20, 2018) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Norway. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. Minor adjustments were made by Act No. 120 of December 22, 2018, on Amendments to the Copyright Act, etc. (Portability of Online Content Services, etc.)

This act superseded the 1961 law the Copyright Act (Act No. 2 of May 12, 1961, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works) (consolidated version of 2015).

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Act No. 40 of June 15, 2018,

• Copyright lasts for the author's life and 70 years after the expiry of his death.^{[2018 §11(a)]}
• For the co-authored works, copyright lasts for 70 years from the death of the last surviving author.^{[2018 §11(b)]}
• Copyright in cinematographic works lasts for 70 years from the end of the year of death of which the last survivor of the main director, author of the screenplay, dialogue writer and composer of the music that is created for use in filming.

^{[2018 §11(c)]}

• For work in which both words and music are provided for the purpose of the work, copyright last for 70 years from the end of the year of death of the last survivor of the lyricist and the composer.^{[2018 §11(d)]}
• For anonymous works, copyright shall subsist for 70 years after the end of the year when the work was first published.^{[2018 §12]}
• When someone for the first time lawfully makes available to the public a work which has not been made public by the end of the copyright protection period, they have the same rights as a copyright holder for 25 years after the end of the year the work was first made available to the public.

^{[2018 §13]}

• The exclusive right to photographic images that are not intellectual property lasts for the life of the photographer and 15 years after the end of the photographer's year of death, but still at least 50 years from the end of the year the photo was created.^{[2018 §23]}

The distinction between work of art ("fotografiske verk") and other photos ("fotografiske bilder") is not clearly described, but it is believed that the photographer should add something to the mere depiction to make it a work of art. Under the former photo law, protection ended 25 years after creation, provided that more than 15 years had passed since the photographer's death or the photographer is unknown. The image is in the public domain if this older term already had expired as of 29 June 1995.

• The author of a commissioned portrait (including a photograph) cannot exercise their copyright without the consent of the customer.^{[2018 §105]}
• Photographs that depict a person cannot be reproduced or displayed publicly without the consent of the person depicted, except when

a) the image has a current and general interest

b) the image of the person is less important than the main content of the image

c) the image depicts congregations, public trains in the open air or conditions or events of general interest

d) copies of the image in the usual way are displayed as advertisements for the photographer's business and the image is not prohibited, or

e) the image is used as referred to in section 33 second paragraph or section 37 third paragraph.

Protection applies during the life of the depicted person and 15 years after the expiry of the depicted year of death.^{[2018 §104]}

• Recordings of performances are copy-protected for 50 years.

^{[2018 §16]}

Nicht geschützt

Under the Act No. 40 of June 15, 2018,

• Laws, regulations, judicial decisions and other decisions by public authorities are without protection under this Act. The same applies to proposals, reports, statements and the like that apply to the exercise of public authority, and is issued by a public authority, a publicly appointed council or committee, or published by the public. Similarly, official translations of such texts are without protection under this Act.^{[2018 §14]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Statens vegvesen}} – for Norwegian road signs from the website of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (Statens vegvesen)

• {{PD-Norway50}} – Norwegian photos not considered to be "works of art" 50 years after they were created, provided that the author died more than 15 years ago or is unknown
• {{PD-Norway70}} – Images considered to be "works of art" become public domain 70 years after the author's death or publication if the author is unknown.

• {{Norwegian coat of arms}} – Norwegian coats of arms
• {{Kirkeinfo}} – photos from the media database of the Church of Norway.

• {{PD-NorwayGov}} – part of a decision or a statement by an authority or a public body of Norway
• {{Met.no}} – images without a byline from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute
• {{NLOD}} - a licensing agreement public authorities can use when making public data available

Währung

 Nicht OK. Norwegian currency is protected by copyright. The Bank of Norway, which administers the rights of the artists, states: "Use of illustrations of Norwegian coins and banknotes must not violate the rights of the authors". This means, among other things, that the original pattern may not be manipulated. As they are non-derivative, images of Norwegian currency may not be used unless it is in the public domain due to age (70 years after end of year of author's death). When using images of Norwegian currency under fair use rules on other projects, see the Norges Bank Guidelines for the use of Norwegian banknote and coin designs for other conditions that apply, such as size regulations, maximum resolution etc.

Panoramafreiheit

OK for buildings {{FoP-Norway}}.  Nicht OK, non-commercial use only for other works like sculptures.

Under the Act No. 40 of June 15, 2018,

• A work can be depicted when it is permanently placed on or near a public space or road or similar publicly accessible place. However, this does not apply when the work is clearly the main subject, and the reproduction is used commercially. Buildings can be depicted freely.

^{[2018 §31]}

This seems to imply that photographs of artistic works in public places are allowed if the depiction of the works is de minimis.

Schöpfungshöhe

Not protected

Two-minute theatre play.

Protected

• A specific chair design (Tripp Trapp)
• The logo for the TV series Jul i Blåfjell.

Siehe auch

• Norway
• Category:License tags of Norway
• Category:Norwegian FOP cases

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Sweden

Schweden

Urheberrechtsregeln: Schweden Kürzel: COM:SCHWEDEN
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Fotografie	Erstellen + 50 Jahre (Schnappschüsse)
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Angewandte Kunst	Create + 10 years (if created before 1960)
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Unsicher, vielleicht ja
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-Sweden-photo}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	1. August 1904
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	1. Juli 1961
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	14. März 2010
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die schwedischen Urheberrechtsbestimmungen, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Schweden stammt, sowohl in Schweden als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Schweden solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Sweden has been a member of the Berne Convention since 1 August 1904, the WIPO treaty since 14 March 2010 and the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Act on Copyright in Literary and Artistic Works (1960:729) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Sweden.

This has been amended many times over the years that followed. WIPO holds the text of this law with consolidated amendments up to Act (2017:323) of April 2017 in their WIPO Lex database.

Allgemeine Regeln

Gemäß dem Gesetz 1960:729, letztmalig geändert durch das Gesetz (2017:323),

• Das Urheberrecht läuft am Ende des 70. Jahres nach dem Tod des Autors oder für ein gemeinsames Werk nach dem Tod des letzten verbliebenen Autoren ab.^{[729/1960-2017 §43]}
• Für ein kinematografisches Werk verfällt das Urheberrecht am Ende des 70. Jahres nach dem Tod des letzten verbliebenen Regisseurs, Drehbuchautors, Dialogbuchautors sowie speziell für dieses Werk engagierten Musikkomponisten.^{[729/1960-2017 §43]}
• Für ein musikalisches Werk mit Text dauert das Urheberrecht bis zum Ende des 70. Jahres nach dem Todesjahr des letzten verbliebenen Komponisten und Texter, wenn die Musik und der Text speziell für das Werk erstellt wurden.^{[729/1960-2017 §43]}
• Für Werke, die namenlos oder mit einem weit verbreiteten Pseudonym oder Unterschrift des Autors veröffentlicht wurden, gilt das Urheberrecht bis zum Ende des 70. Jahres nach ihrer Veröffentlichung. Gibt der Urheber innerhalb dieser Frist seine Identität bekannt, so gelten die Bestimmungen des § 43.^{[729/1960-2017 §44]}
• Für Werke, die nicht veröffentlicht wurden und deren Autor nicht bekannt ist, gilt das Urheberrecht bis zum Ende des 70. Jahres nach dem Datum der Erstellung.^{[729/1960-2017 §44]}
• Veröffentlicht eine Person ein Werk erstmals nach Ablauf ihres Urheberrechts, so ist sie bis zum Ende des 25. Jahres nach dem Jahr, in dem das Werk veröffentlicht oder öffentlich gemacht wurde,^{[729/1960-2017 §44a]}
• Photographs published after 1994 are protected for 70 years after the author's death if they exceed the threshold of originality required for full copyright protection (in the former law, the criterion was "artistic or scientific value"). The definition of a photographic work (fotografiskt verk), as opposed to a photo (fotografisk bild), is not precisely defined. There are still no precedents on this, but in practice, "work" has come to apply only to photos with distinctive originality, not to snapshot-like photos, such as press photos. Photos that lack originality are only protected for 50 years after creation. If the photograph was published before 1994, transitional regulations apply — see {{PD-Sweden-photo}}.
• Die Rechtsvorschriften und Verordnungen der Regierung, die von den schwedischen Behörden veröffentlichten Entscheidungen und Erklärungen sowie ihre offiziellen Übersetzungen sind nicht urheberrechtlich geschützt.^{[729/1960-2017 §9]}
• Verzeichnisse und Diagramme, die Zusammenstellungen von großen Mengen an Informationen enthalten oder das Ergebnis einer erheblichen Investition sind, sind 15 Jahre nach dem Jahr ihrer Erstellung geschützt. Wenn sie innerhalb von 15 Jahren nach ihrer Erstellung veröffentlicht werden, sind sie 15 Jahre ab dem Jahr ihrer Veröffentlichung geschützt.^{[729/1960-2017 §49]}
• Das Urheberrecht für vor 1960 erstellte Werke angewandter Kunst verfällt 10 Jahre nach der Erstellung unabhängig vom Zeitpunkt des Todes des Schöpfers.^[448/1970]

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Sweden-photo}} – für Bilder, die von unbekannten schwedischen Fotografen vor 1954 aufgenommen wurden, und für gemeinfreie fotografische Bilder, keine fotografischen Arbeiten schwedischen Ursprungs, die vor 1974 aufgenommen wurden.
• {{PD-Transportstyrelsen}} – für schwedische Verkehrsschilder von der Website des Zentralamts für Transport (
  Transportstyrelsen
  )
• {{PD-Ugglan}} – für Bilder der 2. Ausgabe von
  Nordisk familjebok
  (Schweden, 1904–1926)
• {{PD-Nordens Flora}} – für Bilder von
  Nordens Flora
  (Schweden, Autor: C. A. M. Lindman, 1917–1926).
• {{PD-SFJ}} – für Bilder von
  Svenska Familj-Journalen
  (1864–1887)
• {{PD-Sjöfartsverket}} – für schwedische Seefahrwasserzeichen, hergestellt vom schwedischen Seeschifffahrtsamt (
  Sjöfartsverket
  ).
• {{PD-Sweden-URL9}} – für die Wiedergabe von Gesetzen, Entscheidungen oder Berichten einer schwedischen öffentlichen Behörde (svensk myndighet) oder einer offiziellen Übersetzung eines solchen Textes.

Währung

 Not OK.

Currency may be protected by copyright in Sweden. Riksbanken advices that the original authors of the works used on banknotes and coins may decide to sue if they feel their moral rights have been violated (which may mean the economic rights are not an issue for Swedish currency). There were undecided lawsuits on the matter at the time of the deletion request. Riksbanken itself seems not to have any claims. On the issue of counterfeit Riksbanken cites the Euro instructions as probably sufficient safeguards.

• Siehe auch: Commons:Deletion requests/Image:200 kr swedish coin front white.jpg

De minimis

Artikel 20a des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ab 2017 lautet:

• Es ist erlaubt, dass ein Film oder Fernsehprogramm Kopien von Kunstwerken oder öffentlichen Aufführungen enthält und das Kunstwerk an die Öffentlichkeit überträgt, solange die Kopie im Hinblick auf den Film- oder Fernsehprogramminhalt von zweitrangiger Bedeutung ist. Dies kann mit Kunstwerken erfolgen, die im Hintergrund eines Bildes erscheinen oder anderweitig einen unbedeutenden Teil eines Bildes bilden.^{[729/1960-2017 §20a]}

Dies ist  Nicht OK:

• Thumbnail-sized photos on a screenshot - copyvio of two of the thumbnail-sized photos (NJA 2010 p. 135[10])
• People on a scene with decorations in the background - copyvio of the background (NJA 1981 p. 313)

Panoramafreiheit

Kunst im öffentlichen Raum

 Unsure but in accordance with Wikimedia Foundation's 2017 statement, OK and do not delete photos based only on the court ruling — On 4 April 2016, the Supreme Court of Sweden ruled, that Article 24 does not extend to publication by [Wikimedia Sweden] in their online repository offentligkonst.se, regardless of commercial intent. Siehe auch: {{FoP-Sweden}}

Under Act 1960:729 with consolidated amendments up to Act (2017:323) Article 24, the first paragraph of which ('works of art...') was ruled not to apply to online publication:

23. Bestämmelsen i 24 § första stycket 1 upphovsrättslagen, där inskränkningen i upphovsmannens ensamrätt är begränsad till avbildningar, ger inte Wikimedia rätt att från sin databas med fotografier av konstverk, stadigvarande placerade på eller vid allmän plats utomhus, överföra verken via internet till allmänheten. Huruvida förfogandet sker i kommersiellt syfte saknar betydelse. De hänskjutna frågorna ska besvaras i enlighet med detta.

— Randnummer 23 des Urteils des Obersten Gerichtshofs Schwedens.

Übersetzung:

23. Die Bestimmung des § 24, Absatz 1, des Urheberrechtsgesetzes, in der die Beschränkung des ausschließlichen Urheberrechtes auf Reproduktionen in bildlicher Form beschränkt ist, gibt Wikimedia nicht das Recht, diese Werke über das Internet aus seiner Datenbank mit Fotografien von Kunstwerken, die dauerhaft an einem öffentlichen Ort oder in einem öffentlichen Ort im Freien platziert sind, zu veröffentlichen. Ob die Veröffentlichung zu kommerziellen Zwecken ist, ist irrelevant.

The reason BUS chose to target the site "offentligkonst.se" and not Wikimedia Commons was (probably) the fact that it made an intrusion to a right previously negotiated between BUS and the municipalities of Sweden (owners of the public art). The supreme court also used the requisite of a database for the ruling, not the publication of the images by themselves.

21. ... Det handlar här om en avvägning i förhållande till det syfte som databasen ska tillgodose (se p. 1). Detta syfte ligger i och för sig inom ramen för vad som kan ses som ett allmänt intresse. En databas av nu aktuellt slag öppnar emellertid för en stor användning av upphovsrättsligt skyddade verk, utan att någon ersättning betalas till upphovsmännen. Det blir därmed fråga om en betydligt större inskränkning i deras ensamrätt än vad bestämmelsen syftar till.

— Point 21 of the ruling of the Swedish Supreme Court.

Translation:

21. ... This is a trade-off in relation to the purpose that the database is to serve (see p. 1). This purpose is in itself within the framework of what can be seen as a public interest. However, a database of the current type allows for a large use of copyrighted works, without any compensation being paid to the authors. It is thus a question of a much greater restriction on their exclusive right than what the provision aims at.

Vor der Entscheidung war allgemein angenommen worden, dass die Ausnahme in § 24 des schwedischen Urheberrechts, die die Darstellung von Kunstwerken erlaubt, angewendet werden kann. Diese Ausnahme lautet:

Kunstwerke können in bildlicher Form wiedergegeben werden,

• wenn sie sich an einem dauerhaften öffentlichen Ort oder einem öffentlich zugänglichen Ort im Freien befinden,^{[729/1960-2017 §24.1]}
• wenn der Zweck die Werbung für eine Ausstellung und den Verkauf von Kunstwerken ist, jedoch nur in dem Umfang, der zur Förderung der Ausstellung oder des Verkaufs erforderlich ist,^{[729/1960-2017 §24.2]} or
• wenn sie Teil einer kollektiven Arbeit sind, in einem Verzeichnis, aber nicht in digitaler Form.^{[729/1960-2017 §24.3]}

Gebäude können frei dargestellt werden.^{[729/1960-2017 §24.3]}

Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige (BUS, eine Sammlungssellschaft für bildende Kunst), vertritt die Position, dass Artikel 24 nicht für die Online-Publikation gilt. Andere, wie der schwedische Wikimedia-Verein, lehnen diese Position ab.

Der schwedische Wikimedia-Verein wurde 2014 von BUS wegen mutmaßlicher Urheberrechtsverletzungen betreffend Skulpturen im öffentlichen Raum verklagt, indem es die Fotos auf einer Website bereitstellte. Diese Seite erlaubt es Benutzern, Orte von Kunstwerken auf einer Karte zu sehen. Die Fotos sind mit Links versehen, die auf Wikimedia Commons gehostet werden.

Am 4. April 2016 entschied der Oberste Gerichtshof Schwedens, dass Artikel 24 Absatz 1 unabhängig von der kommerziellen Absicht nicht auf die Veröffentlichung in einem Online-Publikationsserver erstreckt.

Die Auswirkungen dieses Urteils werden diskutiert.

Am 6. Juli 2017 sagte das Patent- und Marktgericht am Bezirksgericht von Stockholm, es glaube, dass Artikel 24 niemandem das Recht gibt, Fotografien urheberrechtlich geschützter öffentlicher Kunst ohne die Zustimmung des Autors des dargestellten Werkes im Internet zu veröffentlichen, und verurteilte den schwedischen Wikimedia-Verein, die Weiterverbreitung zu beenden und Schadensersatz sowie die Gerichtskosten zu zahlen. Die Entscheidung wurde nicht angefochten.

Gemäß der offiziellen Erklärung der Wikimedia Foundation vom 9. August 2017 wird dringend empfohlen, keine Löschanträge nur aus einfachen Gründen wie „keine Panoramafreiheit für Kunstwerke in Schweden“ zu stellen und nach Möglichkeit die De-facto-Uploads mit der Vorlage {{FoP-Sweden}} dauerhaft zu kennzeichnen. Wenn die betroffenen Dateien aus anderen Gründen als Panoramafreiheit zur Löschung vorgeschlagen werden müssen, muss ein schwedischsprachiger Benutzer an der entsprechenden Löschanfrage teilnehmen, um dies zu erklären. Siehe auch: Commons talk:Copyright rules by territory/Sweden#Swedish FOP?

Infotafeln und Karten

 Not OK Informationstafeln und Karten gelten als Werke der Literatur und fallen nicht unter den Artikel 24.

Architektur

 Unsure but in accordance with Wikimedia Foundation's 2017 statement, OK and do not delete photos based only on the court ruling. Architektur ist in Artikel 24 Absatz 2 erfasst:

Byggnader får fritt avbildas.

Der Absatz wurde im Fall BUS gegen WMSE nicht erörtert. Die WIPO gibt jedoch eine andere Sichtweise. Mit Berufung auf den BUS-Fall WIPO (2022, S. 20) heißt es, dass „der Oberste Gerichtshof Schwedens entschieden hat, dass Wikimedia eine Lizenz vom relevanten Rechteinhaber benötigt, um Bilder von urheberrechtlich geschützten Gebäuden rechtmäßig anzuzeigen“.

Sicherheit

Swedish security law (2010:305) dictates, that it is illegal to depict certain sensitive locations in any form. However, this is a non-copyright restriction, and has not been upheld by the community as a limitation of copyrights as discussed on this page.

Angewandte Kunst

Als 1919 das alte Künstlergesetz verabschiedet wurde, gab es keinen Schutz für angewandte Kunst. Das Gesetz wurde 1926 auf Initiative der Schwedischen Handwerksvereinigung geändert, um einen zehnjährigen Urheberrechtsschutz für angewandtes Kunstwerk einzubeziehen. Die zehnjährige Schutzfrist wurde bei der Verabschiedung des derzeitigen Urheberrechtesgesetzes (1960:729) im Jahr 1960 erhalten, wurde jedoch erweitert, um auch Kleidung und Stoffe zu umfassen. 1970 wurden die Vorschriften für Muster und Industrieanlagen auf ein neues Gesetz (1970:485) übertragen. In diesem Gesetz wurde die Schutzfrist auf 50 Jahre festgelegt, genau wie im Urheberrechtsgesetz, und eine Schwelle zur Originalität wurde hinzugefügt („ist durch geistige Schöpfung entstanden und ist durch einen gewissen Grad an Unabhängigkeit und Originalität gekennzeichnet“).

Die Rechte auf vor 1960 geschaffene Kunstwerke waren vor Inkrafttreten des neuen Gesetzes 1970 abgelaufen und sind daher Public domain, also frei von Urheberrechten.

Briefmarken

Für schwedische Briefmarken scheint es in Schweden keine Ausnahmen vom Urheberrecht zu geben, so dass Briefmarken 70 Jahre nach dem Tod des Graveurs frei von Urheberrechten sind. Siehe auch: Category talk:Stamps of Sweden

Schöpfungshöhe

"A simple general rule is that if it is unlikely that two persons would create, for example, a text identically or similarly, the text is probably sufficiently original to qualify as a protected work. (..) Often, the requirements for copyright protection are considered to be relatively low."

From the court cases below it can be concluded that the threshold of originality in Sweden is significantly higher then the ditto in the United Kingdom even though it might be considered low compared to the one in the United States.

Status	Beispiel	Anmerkungen
OK		The text itself can't be considered to fulfill the general threshold of originality considered for copyright protection. This same interpretation is made whether one sees it as Roman numerals or Latin letters. The logo itself does have some figurative design. The font must however, despite some inconsistancies along the edges, be considered as ordinary and the black rectangle in the background does not contribute to any distinctive character. – Patent- och registreringsverket (Swedish Intellectual Property Office) Invändningsärende nr 2017/00120/01, Registrering nr 540495
OK		The logo consists of an a and a 6. The round part of each character is not closed, however the characters are, besides that, made in a fairly ordinary font without any distinctive character. Between the characters is a simple, sun-feather resembelling, figure with a pointy tip which goes down between the characters. Above this figure there are four points, two to the left and two to the right. The logo is way too simple to be granted such copyright protection which can constitute an impediment for others' trademark registration. – Patent- och registreringsverket (Swedish Intellectual Property Office) Invändningsärende nr 2005/0006/0001, Registrering nr 369154. This ruling was appealed to Patentbesvärsrätten (Patent court of appeals) which settled the original ruling (Mål nr 06-304, vm.reg. 369.154), albeit with one member of the court with a dissenting opinion. Unfortunately, they did not elaborate as to why they settled the original ruling.
OK		Technische Zeichnung. Nach der Entscheidung des schwedischen Obersten Gerichtshofs.NJA 2004 s. 149
Nicht OK	https://shop.textalk.se/shop/4541/files/entombed/ENT_logo_web.png	The logo has been created using a Gothic font in a way which is frequently used among bands in the genre in question [death metal]. The logotype can thus not be considered to fulfill the demands of originality and distinctive character needed for copyright protection. – Patent- och registreringsverket (Swedish Intellectual Property Office) Invändningsärende 2013/0133/0001, Registrering nr 514059. According to the court, after a comprehensive assessment, the wordmark shows such level of indivudual, distinctive character that it must be considered to possess copyright protection. The court especially values the font of choice, the individual design of the first and last letter and the fact that the first and last letter has been written in caps. – Patent- och marknadsdomstolen (Patent and Market Court) PMÄ 10796-16 This ruling was appealed to Patent- och marknadsöverdomstolen (Patent and Market Court of Appeals) which settled the previous ruling (Mål nr PMÖÄ 5441-17). Leider haben sie nicht erklärt, warum sie die vorherige Entscheidung getroffen haben.
Nicht OK	Eine Schwarz-Weiß-Version von fr:File:Dunderklumpen Logo.png	Ruled above the TOO by Patent- och registreringsverket (Swedish Intellectual Property Office) (Varumärkesansökan nr 2014/00870), another part of the same ruling was appealed to the Patent- och marknadsdomstolen (Patent and Market Court) which settled the original ruling (Mål nr PMÄ 10748-16). Neither instance elaborated further as why the logo was ruled above the TOO but one can speculate that it was because it was a very obvious case.
Nicht OK	Michelin man lamp	Ruled above the TOO by Patent- och registreringsverket (Swedish Intellectual Property Office) (Varumärkesansökan nr 2015/03538). The office did not elaborate further as why the logo was ruled above the TOO but one can speculate that it was because it was a very obvious case.
Nicht OK		Mini Maglite torch (Mål: T 1421-07, Högsta domstolen)
Nicht OK	Porzellan [11]	„Sundborn“, hergestellt von Rörstrand
Nicht OK	Foto mit dem Bild ein Zeitungsartikel	RH 2009:18 (2004 wegen einer Urheberrechtsverletzung von der Website entfernt, da es noch 70 Jahre nach dem Tod des Autors als fotografisches Werk geschützt ist)
Nicht OK	Knitted tunic	(NJA 1995 s. 164)
Nicht OK	Technische Zeichnungen	(NJA 1998 s. 563)

Siehe auch

• Sverige
• Category:License tags of Sweden
• Category:Stamps of Sweden
• Category:Swedish FOP cases

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:United Kingdom

Vereinigtes Königreich

Urheberrechtsregeln: Vereinigtes Königreich Kürzel: COM:UK
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 70 years
Regierung	Urheberrecht der Krone
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Für 3D-Werke und „Werke des Kunsthandwerks“
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-UKGov}} {{PD-UK-unknown}} {{PD-UK-posthumous-non-photo-1996}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	5. Dezember 1887
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	27. September 1957
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	14. März 2010
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Copyright-Regeln des Vereinigten Königreichs, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus dem Vereinigten Königreich stammt, sowohl im Vereinigten Königreich als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus dem Vereinigten Königreich solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Das Vereinigte Königreich ist seit dem 5. Dezember 1887 Mitglied des Berner Übereinkommens, seit dem 1. Januar 1995 Mitglied der Welthandelsorganisation und am 14. März 2010 Mitglied dem WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag beigetreten.

Im Jahr 2018 führt die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO), eine Agentur der Vereinten Nationen, das Gesetz über Urheberrecht, Geschmacksmuster und Patente von 1988 (Kapitel 48, mit Änderungen bis zum Gesetz über die digitale Wirtschaft 2017) als das wichtigste vom Gesetzgeber des Vereinigten Königreichs erlassene Gesetz zum Schutz des geistigen Eigentums auf. Die WIPO hält den Text dieses Gesetzes in ihrer Datenbank WIPO Lex vor. Eine aktuelle Version des Gesetzes ist auch in strukturierter Form auf legislation.gov.uk verfügbar.

Vor 1988 wurde das Urheberrecht durch den Copyright Act 1956 geregelt.

In einem Urteil des Berufungsgerichts vom November 2023 (THJ gegen Sheridan, 2023) wurde klargestellt, dass bei der Anfertigung einer fotografischen Reproduktion eines zweidimensionalen gemeinfreien Kunstwerks kein neues Urheberrecht entsteht und dass dies seit 2009 der Fall ist.

Zusammenfassung

• Standard-Urheberrechtslaufzeit: 70 Jahre p.m.a.
• Crown copyright:
  • 50 Jahre nach der ersten kommerziellen Veröffentlichung, aber
  • Werke mit Ausnahme von Stichen, die vor dem 30. Juni 1957 geschaffen wurden: 50 Jahre ab Schöpfung
• Anonyme Werke
  • Fotografien, die vor dem 30. Juni 1957 entstanden sind: 70 Jahre nach der Entstehung, wenn sie nicht veröffentlicht wurden, 70 Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung, wenn sie innerhalb von 70 Jahren nach der Entstehung veröffentlicht wurden

Allgemeines

Wie in der Europäischen Union beträgt die Grundlaufzeit des Urheberrechts im Vereinigten Königreich das Leben des Urhebers plus 70 Jahre. Der Urheber muss eine natürliche Person sein und darf kein Unternehmen sein. Es gibt jedoch eine Reihe von Details, die berücksichtigt werden müssen. Im Vereinigten Königreich werden die Werke hinsichtlich der Dauer des Urheberrechts in zwei Kategorien eingeteilt: staatliche Werke und nichtstaatliche Werke. Erstere fallen unter das Crown Copyright und das Parliamentary Copyright und deren spezielle Laufzeitregelungen, letztere unter die normalen Laufzeitregelungen des Urheberrechts.

Crown copyright

Tabelle zur Bestimmung des Ablaufs des Crown Copyright

Für urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke der Krone gilt eine grundsätzliche Schutzdauer von 50 Jahren ab dem Datum der kommerziellen Veröffentlichung. Für urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke, die vor dem Inkrafttreten des Copyright Act 1956 am 30. Juni 1957 geschaffen wurden, gelten andere Regeln. Für urheberrechtlich geschützte Fotografien, die vor dem 30. Juni 1957 geschaffen wurden, gilt eine Schutzdauer von 50 Jahren ab ihrer Entstehung. Veröffentlichte urheberrechtlich geschützte Stiche, die vor dem 30. Juni 1957 geschaffen wurden, haben eine Urheberrechtsfrist von 50 Jahren ab der kommerziellen Veröffentlichung. Unveröffentlichte Kupferstiche aus diesem Zeitraum verlieren Ende 2039 ihr Urheberrecht. Andere künstlerische Werke als Stiche und Fotografien, die vor dem 30. Juni 1957 geschaffen wurden, haben eine Urheberrechtsfrist von 50 Jahren ab ihrer Entstehung.

Weitere Sonderregelungen gelten für künstlerische Werke der Krone, die zwischen dem 30. Juni 1957 und dem Inkrafttreten des Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 am 1. August 1989 geschaffen wurden. Veröffentlichte Stiche, die in diesem Zeitraum geschaffen wurden, sind noch 50 Jahre nach der kommerziellen Veröffentlichung urheberrechtsfrei. Unveröffentlichte Stiche, die in diesem Zeitraum entstanden sind, verlieren ihr Urheberrecht wie bisher Ende 2039. Veröffentlichte Fotografien verlieren 50 Jahre nach ihrer Veröffentlichung ihr Urheberrecht. Unveröffentlichte Fotografien verlieren ihr Urheberrecht Ende 2039. Andere künstlerische Werke verlieren 50 Jahre nach ihrer Entstehung ihr Urheberrecht.

Tim Padfield has prepared a flowchart that summarizes these durations.

Crown copyright sound recordings follow the same rules as other sound recordings below.

Ordnance Survey OpenData licence

The Ordnance Survey OpenData licence has been designed to be compatible with Creative Commons BY 3.0 and appears to be okay.

Open Government Licence

Some works published from 2010 are available under the UK Open Government Licence (OGL). The first version was meant to be compatible with the CC BY 3.0 licence, the latest version 3 with the CC-BY-4.0 licence. Three versions of the OGL exist. The following templates are available:

• {{OGL}} for OGL version 1
• {{OGL2}} for OGL version 2
• {{OGL3}} for OGL version 3.

The OGL3 licence does NOT cover personal data, logos, military insignia, patents etc. A list is found on the template.

Non-Commercial Government Licence

The government also publishes a licence called Non-Commercial Government Licence. This is unacceptable by the Wikimedia Commons as it disallows the commercial reproductions. This licence was intended for use in a small handful of extremely limited circumstances and has not been widely adopted in government. See also Commons:Deletion requests/File:Canoe Slalom - Kynan Maley.jpg.

Parliamentary copyright

Parliamentary copyright was created by the Copyright Designs & Patents Act 1988 and its duration rules are the same as for Crown copyright materials created after 30 August 1989. Some Parliamentary material is covered by the Open Parliament Licence (with exceptions). The OPL serves the same function in the system of Parliamentary copyright as the Open Government Licence (OGL) does for Crown Copyright.

Copyright on sound recordings

If the source material is out of copyright, sound recordings leave copyright after 70 years from first publication.

Sound recordings created before 1 June 1957 had a copyright duration of 50 years from creation (section 19, Copyright Act 1911), so they are all now in the public domain. Sound recordings first published between 1 June 1957 and 31 October 1963 had a copyright duration of 50 years from publication (section 12, Copyright Act 1956), so those are also in the public domain. Copyright was extended to 70 years from publication in 2013, so the next recordings to enter the public domain will do so in 2034.

Ordinary copyright

Chart for determining expiry of UK copyright

For ordinary copyright works the largest distinction is between those with a known author and those with a pseudonymous or anonymous author. There are also distinctions in copyright term between artistic works and sound recordings. The commencement dates for the Copyright Act 1957 and the Copyright Designs & Patents Act 1988 are also crucial. For a summary of these rules see the flowchart. This means that some works whose copyright expired before the 1988 act came into force were brought back into copyright.

Bekannter Urheber

If the work was created after 30 August 1989 and has a known author copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author. If the work is a photograph with a known author taken before 30 June 1957 then copyright also expires 70 years after the death of the author. If the work is a non-photograph artistic work with a known author which was created prior to 30 August 1989 then several scenarios can apply:

1. If the work was published during the author's lifetime then copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author.
2. If the work was published before 30 August 1989 and the author died more than 20 years before publication then copyright expires 50 years after publication.
3. If the work was published before 30 August 1989 and the author died less than 20 years before publication then copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author.
4. If the work was not published before 30 August 1989 and the author died after 1968 then copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author.
5. If the work was not published before 30 August 1989 and the author died before 1969 then copyright expires at the end of 2039.

Unbekannter Urheber

Commons:Anonymous works:United_Kingdom

If the author is unknown then the basic time period to bear in mind is 70 years. If the work has an unknown author and was created after 30 August 1989, copyright expires either 70 years after creation or, if during that period the work is made available to the public by being published, 70 years after publication. If the work is a photograph with an unknown author taken before 1 June 1957 then copyright expires 70 years after creation or, if during that period the work is made available to the public, 70 years after that. If the work was created before 1969 with an unknown author, then several scenarios may apply:

1. If the work was published before 30 August 1989 then copyright expires 70 years after that first publication.
2. If the work is unpublished and was first made available to the public after 1968 then copyright expires 70 years after the work was first made available to the public.
3. If the work is unpublished and has never been made available to the public then copyright expires at the end of 2039.
4. If the work is unpublished and was first made available to the public before 1969 then copyright expires at the end of 2039.

Typographical copyright

If scanning a copyright-expired work from a British publication, typographical copyright must be borne in mind. This subsists for 25 years from creation of the publication and covers the typographical arrangement of the publication. It does not exist in the United States.

Publication right

One related right to copyright that must be borne in mind in the United Kingdom is publication right. This applies to ordinary copyright works but does not apply to Crown copyright works. If the copyright of an unpublished work has expired (virtually impossible before 2040) then the first publisher of that work is entitled to publication right over that work. Publication right has the same rules as copyright but only lasts for 25 years. It does not exist in the United States.

Database right

If scanning material from a publication from 1982 or later database right must also be borne in mind. This right normally lasts 15 years from creation or substantial amendment of the database. Many books count as databases due to their systematic arrangement of information. Under transitional provisions works created from 1982-1997 are also covered by database right until the end of 2012, ie 15 years after the passage of the original legislation. It does not exist in the United States.

Commissioned works

The rule on commissioned works in the United Kingdom is provided by the Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS) website.

Accordingly, the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act of 1988 empowers the exclusive rights of the authors. This means, unless there is a signed agreement or deed assigning the copyright to someone else, the copyright in a commissioned work since August 1, 1989 is retained by the author or the person who created or designed the work. There may be some exceptions to this rule, however. For example, the commissioner holds the copyright if they may have "an implied licence to use the work", at least for the purposes of commission, and if the artist made the work while employed.^{[clarification needed]}

The copyrights in the commissioned works made prior to 1 August 1989 are generally held by the commissioners.

• For commissioned works created from 1 June 1957 to 31 July 1989, copyright stays with the commissioner, per the Copyright Act 1956. "Commissioning" is defined here as "the payment or agreement to pay for a work with money or something of equivalent value." This means, the copyright in a work made by an artist while employed remains with the employer (the commissioner). Works made by artists under employment by a newspaper, magazine, or periodical owner, but solely for the purpose of publishing in the said publications, are likewise covered. In cases of other uses of commissioned works, the artists retain the ownership of copyright.
• The Copyright Act 1911 applies to commissioned works made from 1 July 1912 to 31 May 1957. It had provisions identical to those at the Copyright Act 1956.
• For commissioned works made prior to 1 July 1912, the 1862 Fine Arts Copyright Act governs, stating that copyright of a painting, drawing, or photograph done for or on behalf of another person "for good and valuable consideration" belongs to the commissioner.

Lizenzvorlagen

The following are copyright tags/ templates for UK works. If you are uploading a UK-based work to Commons, please find the corresponding tag and add it to the licensing information for the item you are uploading (copy and paste, if you like). When you then save the file, these tags will expand to produce and appropriate text for that kind of license.

• {{PD-UK-unknown}} *{{PD-UK-unknown}} – alte britische Bilder unbekannter Urheberschaft, bei denen das Urheberrecht abgelaufen ist
  • {{PD-Britannica}} - Bilder aus der 12. Ausgabe der Encyclopædia Britannica oder früher.
• {{PD-UKGov}} - Copyright-Bilder der britischen Krone, bei denen das Urheberrecht abgelaufen ist (normalerweise Werke, die vor 1974 erstellt wurden)
  • {{OldOS}} – Ordnance Survey-Karten, die vor über 50 Jahren in Großbritannien veröffentlicht wurden.
  • {{OS OpenData}} – Ordnance Survey-Karten, die in Großbritannien veröffentlicht wurden.

The UK's Open Government Licence (OGL) is a simple set of terms and conditions that facilitates the re-use of a wide range of public sector information free of charge. Since 2010, almost all information owned by the UK Crown is offered for use and re-use under the Open Government Licence. The licence is also used by other bodies, including local government.

• {{OGL}}
• {{OGL2}}
• {{OGL3}} – The latest version

The Open Parliament License (OPL) facilitates the free use of material made available by the House of Commons or the House of Lords in which copyright or database right subsists. Almost all material produced by Parliament and its committees is governed by the Open Parliament License.

• {{OPL}}

Scheck

OK in some cases. The design of standard UK cheques is below threshold of originality. However, many cheques include logos, watermarks, and other features that are sufficiently original to be protected by copyright; these cheques can not be uploaded to Commons.

Währung

 Nicht OK. UK banknotes are fully protected by copyright. The Bank of England owns the copyright on its banknotes, and all banknotes carry a © notice. No images of these banknotes may be uploaded to Commons. Those that are will be deleted.

Coin designs are copyrighted by the Royal Mint.

Publishing images of coins is not prohibited by the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981. Its Section 19 refers only to "imitation British coins", defined as "any thing which resembles a British coin in shape, size and the substance of which it is made". The implication here is that images cannot resemble the substance of the real coins. However, since such images may only be published with the official consent of the Royal Mint, none of these images is allowed on Commons.

The Royal Mint's copyright on coin designs is an instance of Crown Copyright. Sculptures subject to Crown Copyright which were created more than 50 years ago are now in the public domain: use {{PD-UKGov}}. Images of British coins with designs created more than 50 years ago are permissible provided that the author of the work containing the coins is willing to release his / her copyright to the reuse of the image, which is a separate copyright concern and must also be addressed.

The Bank of England is not a government department, so its banknotes follow the usual rules of copyright: usually 70 years from the death of the author ({{PD-old-70}}) or 70 years from publication where the author is unknown ({{PD-UK-unknown}}).

Scottish and Northern Irish banks will retain their own copyright on banknotes independent of the Bank of England; however, in the United Kingdom, it is a criminal offence under s18(1) of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 "to reproduce on any substance whatsoever, and whether or not on the correct scale, any British currency note or any part of a British currency note."

The term "British currency note" is defined as something which "has been lawfully issued in England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland", "is or has been customarily used as money in the country where it was issued", and is payable on demand" - this includes Scottish and Northern Irish banknotes, as well as those issued by the Bank of England.

De minimis

Section 31 of the UK Copyright, Designs and patents Act 1988, as subsequently amended in 2003, states that:

• Copyright in a work is not infringed by its incidental inclusion in an artistic work, sound recording, film, or broadcast.

"Artistic work", as defined within the act, includes photographs.

Panoramafreiheit

OK for 3D works

OK for 2D "works of artistic craftsmanship"

 Nicht OK for 2D "graphic works" {{FoP-UK}}

Section 62 of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 is broader than the corresponding provisions in many other countries, and allows photographers to take pictures of

• buildings, and
• sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship (if permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public).

without breaching copyright. Such photographs may be published in any way.

Note that under UK law, "works of artistic craftsmanship" are defined separately from "graphic works". Graphic works are defined in Section 4 as any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart or plan, any engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut or similar work. The freedom provided by Section 62 does not apply to graphic works - such as a mural or poster - even if they are permanently located in a public place. These cannot be uploaded to Commons without a licence from the copyright holder.

The courts have not established a consistent test for what is meant by a "work of artistic craftsmanship", but one of the standard reference works on copyright, Copinger and Skone James, suggests that for a work to be considered as such the creator must be both a craftsman and an artist. Evidence of the intentions of the maker are relevant, and according to the House of Lords case of Hensher v Restawile [1976] AC 64, it is "relevant and important, although not a paramount or leading consideration" if the creator had the conscious purpose of creating a work of art. It is not necessary for the work to be describable as 'fine art'.

In Hensher v Restawile, some examples were given of typical articles that might be considered works of artistic craftsmanship, including hand-painted tiles, stained glass, wrought iron gates, and the products of high-class printing, bookbinding, cutlery, needlework and cabinet-making.

Other works that have been held (by courts in common law jurisdictions outside the UK) to fall under this definition include hand-knitted woollen sweaters, fabric with a highly textured surface including 3D elements, a range of pottery and items of dinnerware. The cases are, respectively, Bonz v Cooke [1994] 3 NZLR 216 (New Zealand), Coogi Australia v Hydrosport (1988) 157 ALR 247 (Australia), Walter Enterprises v Kearns (Zimbabwe) noted at [1990] 4 EntLR E-61, and Commissioner of Taxation v Murray (1990) 92 ALR 671 (Australia).

The word "building" is quite broadly defined by section 4(2), and includes "any fixed structure, and a part of a building or fixed structure".

The practical effect of the broad Freedom of Panorama provisions in the UK and in other countries with similar laws is that it is acceptable to upload to Commons not only photographs of public buildings and sculptures but also works of artistic craftsmanship which are on permanent public display in museums, galleries and exhibitions which are open to the public. According to Copinger and Skone James, the expression "open to the public" presumably extends the section to premises to which the public are admitted only on licence or on payment. Again, this is broader than 'public place', which is the wording in many countries.

The Design and Artists Copyright Society and Artquest provide further information on freedom of panorama in the United Kingdom.

Briefmarken

. Britische Briefmarkendesigns, die vor dem 1. Oktober 1969 veröffentlicht wurden, waren "Crown Copyright", das nach 50 Jahren ablief und die Briefmarken gemeinfrei machte. (siehe Crown copyright [in English]). Das gilt auch für die Briefmarken der verschiedenen Gebiete des Britischen Empire vor ihrer Unabhängigkeit.

1969 wurde das Postamt als "Nicht-Krone-Einrichtung" gegründet. Seitdem liegt das Urheberrecht neuer britischer Briefmarken bei der Post oder Royal Mail in eigener Sache, so dass im Allgemeinen keine Briefmarke hochgeladen werden darf.

Schöpfungshöhe

OK for Lego bricks (see w:Interlego v Tyco Industries).

 Nicht OK for most logos. The level of originality required for copyright protection in the United Kingdom is very low.

In determining whether a work is protected, typographical copyright, publication rights and database rights need to be considered.

These images are eligible for copyright protection:

• en:File:EDGE magazine (logo).svg (uploaded as free in the US only on en.wikipedia.org): British courts have ruled it eligible for copyright protection, with the judge finding:

[The defendants] submitted that the claimant can have no copyright in its EDGE logo because it is not original over the Franklin Gothic typeface. I do not accept this submission. The stretching of the font was combined with the distinctive slash and projection on the middle bar of the "E". What is required for artistic originality is the expenditure of more than negligible or trivial effort or relevant skill in the creation of the work: see Copinger and Skone James on Copyright 16th Ed at 3-130 and Ladbroke v. William Hill [1964] 1 WLR 273 at 287. The claimant's logo is original within this test.

— Mrs Justice Proudman, in: Future Publishing Ltd v The Edge Interactive Media Inc & Ors [2011] EWHC 1489 (Ch) at [10]

Digitale Kopien von Bildern

In 2014 (updated 2015) the UK's Intellectual Property Office issued an advice notice, which said, in part:

Under section 6 of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, this decision remains generally binding on UK courts.

This was restated in a November 2023 Appeal Court judgement (THJ v Sheridan, 2023) which confirmed that no new copyright is created in making a photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain artwork, and that this has been the case since 2009. According to the judgement, the previously used "skill and labour" test had been replaced by the "author’s own intellectual creation" test.

Unterschriften

 Nicht OK for a typical signature. The level of originality required for copyright protection in the United Kingdom is very low, and it is easily arguable that personal signatures are entitled to copyright protection. Under United Kingdom law, a signature may be protectable as a graphic work (a type of artistic work). Artistic works are protected regardless of artistic merit. There are various sources that point in that direction, including the following:

• The practitioners' text Copinger and Skone James on Copyright mentions, at para. 2-23, an unreported decision that a signature combined with an (apparently copyrighted) shield device can be accorded artistic copyright.
• Professor Charles Oppenheim of de Montfort University: "graphic works, photographs, sculptures and collages are protected regardless of artistic merit. Your signature is an artistic work, as you always suspected" See presentation of Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
• Sallie Spilsbury, Media Law, 2000, p. 439: An individual's signature may be protected under law as an artistic work. If so, the unauthorised reproduction of the signature will infringe copyright. The name itself will not be protected by copyright; it is the appearance of the signature which is protected.
• Alan Story LLM, in "Owning Diana: From People's Princess to Private Property" accepts it is that possible ("though debatable") that there may be copyright in Diana's signature as an original artistic work. This is of interest, in that Story accepts this even though he is writing from an anti-protectionist angle.
• The E. Chambré Hardman Archive Copyright Clinic page states that "Somebody’s signature is also thought of as an artistic work, rather than a literary work."

Unless further legal commentary or caselaw to the contrary becomes available, the UK position is that typical personal signatures are arguably entitled to protection under local law, and generally UK signatures should be deleted under the precautionary principle. However, if the signature is extremely simple (eg a scribbled line or two), it will not be copyright even in the UK.

Computer-generated works

Unlike most countries, the United Kingdom provides a special limited term of copyright protection for computer-generated works of 50 years from creation, with the author being "the person by whom the arrangements necessary for the creation of the work are undertaken".

Siehe auch

• United Kingdom
• Category:License tags of the United Kingdom
• Category:Stamps of the United Kingdom
• Category:United Kingdom FOP cases

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss