Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Konsolidierte Liste Ostasien

V • T • E	Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet
Geographische Subregionen gemäß den Vereinten Nationen
Afrika	Ost Mittel Nord Süd West
Amerika	Nord Mittel und Mexiko Karibik Süd
Asien	West Mittel Süd Ost Südost
Europa	West Süd Ost Nord
Ozeanien	Alle Länder und Gebiete
Andere	Alle Länder und Gebiete

This page gives overviews of copyright rules in different countries of Eastern Asia, as defined in the United Nations geoscheme for Asia. It is "transcluded" from individual pages giving the rules for each country. The list may be used for comparison or maintenance.

Text transcluded from
COM:China

China

Urheberrechtsregeln: Volksrepublik China Kürzel: COM:China
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Fotografie	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre (vor dem 1. Juni 2021) 50 Jahre p. m. a. (nach dem 1. Juni 2021)
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Audiovisuell	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Regierung	Gemeinfrei (nicht immer)
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Für 3D-Werke
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-China}} {{PD-PRC-exempt}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	15. Oktober 1992
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	30. Oktober 1992
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	11. Dezember 2001
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	9. Juni 2007
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der Volksrepublik China, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus China stammt, sowohl in China als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus China solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

In den Sonderverwaltungsregionen Hong Kong und Macau sowie in Taiwan gelten unterschiedliche Rechtssysteme und Urheberrechtsbestimmungen.

Hintergrund

China ist seit Jahrhunderten unabhängig, zunächst als Kaiserreich und dann seit 1912 als Republik. Hongkong wurde 1842 an Großbritannien abgetreten und am 1. Juli 1997 als Sonderverwaltungszone an China zurückgegeben. Im Jahr 1887 erhielt Portugal die Rechte an Macao, das 1999 als Sonderverwaltungszone an China zurückgegeben wurde. 1931 besetzten die Japaner die Mandschurei und gründeten den Vasallenstaat Manchukuo. Dieser wurde 1946 an China zurückgegeben.

Nach dem chinesischen Bürgerkrieg floh die Regierung der Republik China 1949 nach Taiwan, behauptete aber weiterhin, die rechtmäßige Regierung des chinesischen Festlandes zu sein. Die Volksrepublik China auf dem Festland erkennt die Legitimität der Republik China nicht an und beansprucht die Souveränität über Taiwan. Bis 1949 gelten für Festlandchina und Taiwan dieselben Urheberrechtsregeln.

China ist seit dem 15. Oktober 1992 Mitglied des Berner Konvention, am 30. Oktober 1992 dem Welturheberrechtsabkommen beigetreten, am 11. Dezember 2001 der World Trade Organization beigetreten und seit dem 9. Juni 2007 Mitglied der Welthandelsorganisation. Ab 2021 führt die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO), eine Agentur der Vereinten Nationen, das Urheberrechtsgesetz der Volksrepublik China (in der Fassung des Beschlusses des Ständigen Ausschusses des Nationalen Volkskongresses zur Änderung des Urheberrechtsgesetzes der Volksrepublik China vom 11. November 2020) als das wichtigste vom chinesischen Gesetzgeber erlassene Urheberrechtsgesetz auf. Die Datenbank WIPO Lex enthält derzeit nur die chinesische Ausgabe. Wikisource hat eine chinesische Version und eine englische Übersetzung. Das Urheberrechtsgesetz der Volksrepublik China gilt rückwirkend.

Die Rechte von Urheberrechtsinhabern, Verlegern, ausübenden Künstlern, Produzenten von Ton- und Videoaufzeichnungen, Rundfunk- und Fernsehsendern, deren in diesem Gesetz festgelegte Schutzdauer zum Zeitpunkt des Inkrafttretens dieses Gesetzes noch nicht abgelaufen ist, werden gemäß diesem Gesetz geschützt.^{[1990 Artikel 55]}

Allgemeines

Gemäß dem Urheberrechtsgesetz 2020 der Volksrepublik China,

• Ein Werk, das von einer natürlichen Person in Erfüllung der ihr von einer juristischen Person oder einer anderen nicht rechtsfähigen Organisation übertragenen Aufgaben geschaffen wird, gilt als Dienstleistungswerk. Sofern in Absatz 2 dieses Artikels nichts anderes bestimmt ist, steht das Urheberrecht an einem solchen Werk dem Urheber zu, aber die juristische Person oder die Organisation ohne Rechtspersönlichkeit hat ein vorrangiges Recht, das Werk im Rahmen ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit zu verwerten … ^{[2020 Artikel 18]}
• Die Rechte der Urheberschaft, der Veränderung und der Unversehrtheit eines Urhebers sind zeitlich unbegrenzt.
• Die Schutzdauer des Veröffentlichungsrechts … für ein Werk eines Bürgers beträgt die Lebenszeit des Urhebers und fünfzig Jahre nach seinem Tod; sie endet am 31. Dezember des fünfzigsten Jahres nach dem Tod des Urhebers.^{[2020 Artikel 23]}
• Bei einem Werk mit gemeinsamer Urheberschaft endet diese Frist am 31. Dezember des fünfzigsten Jahres nach dem Tod des letzten überlebenden Urhebers.^{[2020 Artikel 23]}

• For a work of a legal person or an unincorporated organization, and a work for hire whose copyright (excluding right of signature) is owned by a legal person or an unincorporated organization, the protection period for its right of publication shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the creation of the work; and the protection period for its rights shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the first publication of the work, but if a work has not been published within 50 years after the completion of the creation, it shall no longer be protected by this Law.^{[2020 Art.23]}
• For an audiovisual work, the protection period for its right of publication shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the creation of the work; and the protection period for its rights shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the first publication of the work, but if a work has not been published within 50 years after the completion of the creation, it shall no longer be protected by this Law.^{[2020 Art.23]}

According to the Implementing Regulations of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China:

• Article 13: In the case of a work of an unknown author, the copyright, except the right of authorship, shall be exercised by the lawful holder of the original copy of the work. Where the author has been identified, the copyright shall be exercised by the author or his heir in title.
• Article 16: The using of copyright enjoyed by the State shall be managed by the State Council copyright administration departments.

• Article 17: In the case of posthumous works, the right of publication may be exercised by the author's heir in title or other behested beneficiary within a period of 50 years, unless the author expressly had stated otherwise. In the absence of an heir in title or other behested beneficiary, the said right shall be exercised by the lawful holder of the original copy of the work.
• Article 18: In the case of a work of an unknown author, the protection term in relation to the rights as mentioned by item 5 to item 17 of first paragraph of Article 10 of the Law shall be 50 years ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the work. Article 21 of the Law shall be applicable after the author of the work has been identified.

According to the Part IV Personality Rights, Chapter IV Portraiture Right, Article 1019 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, any organizations or peoples are not permitted to violate portraiture rights of other peoples by smear, stain, counterfeit by using information technology or else ways. No making, using and publishing of portrait owners' images are allowed without their consent, unless permitted by other laws. The copyright owners of portraint works are also not allowed to use or disclosure by releasing, copying, distributing, hiring, exhibiting or other ways without their consent. Portraiture rights provisions mentioned above are non-copyright restrictions.

There were some discussions about the copyright situations of the works of Communist Party of China, a de facto consensus on Chinese Wikisource (see s:zh:Template:PD-PRC-CPC) considered that, based on the Criminal Justice Reference guiding cases №. 680, CPC works may considered as in Public Domain per Article 5 if they are published by central organizations of CPC, such as National Congress, Central Committee and their subordinate bodies. If not published by central organizations, then CPC works may considered as copyrighted.

Nicht geschützt

According to the 2020 Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, this Law shall not be applicable to: (1) laws, regulations, resolutions, decisions and orders of state organs; other documents of legislative, administrative or judicial nature; and their official translations; (2) simple factual information; and (3) calendars, numerical tables, forms of general use and formulas.^{[2020 Art.5]}

Begriffe

Einzelarbeiten

Todesdatum des Urhebers	Datum der Veröffentlichung	Lizenzvorlagen
– 31. Dezember 1973	– 31. Dezember 1928	{{PD-China-expired}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}} {{PD-China-expired}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
– 31. Dezember 1945	1. Januar 1929 –	{{PD-China-1996}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996}} {{PD-China-1996}}{{PD-old-auto-1996|country=China|deathyear=death year}}
Sonstiges		The work is still protected under China law and/or URAA.

Anonyme, pseudonyme oder gemeinschaftliche Werke

If the author of the work is unveiled during its copyright term, it is protected as an individual work.

Datum der Veröffentlichung	Lizenzvorlagen
– 31. Dezember, 1928	{{PD-China-expired}} + {{PD-anon-expired}} {{PD-China-expired}}{{PD-anon-expired}}
1. Januar 1929 – 31. Dezember 1945	{{PD-China-1996}} + {{PD-anon-auto-1996}} {{PD-China-1996}}{{PD-anon-auto-1996|country=China|publication=year}}
Sonstiges	Das Werk ist nach wie vor nach chinesischem Recht und/oder URAA geschützt.

Photographs

Date of creation	Date of publication	Lizenzvorlagen
– December 31, 1928	– December 31, 1928	{{PD-China-expired}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}} {{PD-China-expired}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945	Unpublished	{{PD-China-1996}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996}} {{PD-China-1996}}{{PD-old-auto-1996|country=China|deathyear=death year}}
	January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945 January 1, 1996 –
Others		The work is still protected under China law and/or URAA.

Ausnahmen

• For some government works, {{PD-PRC-exempt}}
• {{PD-China-film}} + choose from {{PD-US-expired}}, {{PD-1996}} (–1945) or {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} (1946–1953)
• FoP (photographs of an architectural work) {{FoP-China}} + free license tag for the image

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-China}} – for images in the public domain according to the People's Republic of China (mainland) and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
• {{PD-China-film}} – for movies or images from movies published in the China more than 50 years ago according to Mainland China and Taiwan.
• {{PD-Empire of China Government Gazette}} – for the Government Gazette from January to March 1916 (Hongxian Year 1) by the Empire of China.
• {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}} – for images of Manchukuo stamps that are now in the public domain in China.

People's Republic of China

• {{PD-PRC-exempt}} – for works in the public domain according to the People's Republic of China for free of copyright.
• {{PD-PRC-GB mandatory standard}} – for images from mandatory Guobiao standards with legal nature.
  • {{PD-PRC-Road Traffic Signs}} – for road traffic signs from mandatory National Standard GB 5768.
  • {{PD-PRC-Road Traffic Markings}} – for road traffic markings from mandatory National Standard GB 5768.
• {{PD-PRC-CPC}} - for works formulated by central organization of the Communist Party of China

Republic of China

Works with these tags may be published before or after 1949 within the jurisdiction of the Republic of China:

• {{PD-ROC-exempt}} – for images in the public domain according to the Republic of China for free of copyright
• {{PD-ROC-official}} – for the attachments of the laws of the Republic of China from the website of the Legislative Yuan law system
• {{PD-ROC-Presidential Office Gazette}} – for the Presidential Office Gazette from 20 May 1948 to present by the Presidential Office of the Republic of China [3]

Older (1912–1949) works published within the jurisdiction of the Republic of China

• {{PD-ROC-Provisional Government Gazette}} – for the Provisional Government Gazette from 29 January to 5 April 1912 by the Nanking Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912) [4]
• {{PD-ROC-Provisional Gazette}} – for the Provisional Gazette from 13 February to 26 April 1912 by the Peking Republican Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912–1913)
• {{PD-ROC-Government Gazette}} – for the Government Gazette from May 1912 to June 1928 by the Beiyang Government of the Republic of China [5]

• {{PD-ROC-Military Government Gazette}} – for the Military Government Gazette from 17 September 1917 to 14 May 1918 by the Southern Government of the Republic of China [6]
• {{PD-ROC-Generalissimo Government Gazette}} – for the Generalissimo Government Gazette from 30 January 1922 to 20 May 1925 by the Southern Generalissimo Government of the Republic of China [7]
• {{PD-ROC-National Government Gazette}} – for the National Government Gazette from July 1925 to 19 May 1948 by the National Government of the Republic of China [8]

Scheck

OK {{PD-shape}} for cheques with simple designs. However, many Chinese cheques have security features that exceed threshold of originality and therefore  Nicht OK.

Währung

 Nicht OK. The design of renminbi is exceeding the threshold of originality of China and there is no apparent evidence that renminbi designs are in public domain.

However, for currencies that are in circulation, there are some non-copyright restrictions. The use of Renminbi designs is subject to approval. According to the Measures for the Administration of the Use of Renminbi Designs (人民币图样使用管理办法) (amended in 2019):

• Article 4 The use of Renminbi designs are not permitted for ceremonial, lifestyle and finance bill purposes;
• Article 6 The use of Renminbi designs are administrated territorially, and every use cases shall be approved one by one. The People's Bank of China, to which their headquarter is located in Shanghai, as well as their branches, business management departs, sub-branches of the capitals of provinces, and centre bank of PBC in Shenzhen, are the approval authorities of Renminbi use cases. The local branches of PBC are acceptance agencies of applications of cases.

• Article 9 The use of Renminbi designs should follow the following terms:
  • Only one paper face by one picture;
  • No harms of Renminbi images, national interests and public interests are allowed;
  • Will not let the public consider mistakenly as the Renminbi itself;

...

OK for those with expired copyright.

Panoramafreiheit

In general, OK , with attribution {{FoP-China}}, for outdoor and indoor works (since June 2021 with the 2020 amendment of the copyright law allowing indoor works) but practically may be problematic with regards to images of 2D works like murals and permanent outdoor paintings (reference: Commons:Deletion requests/File:Mao Zedong portrait.jpg). To summarize:

• OK for architecture,
• OK for 3D works like sculptures (and possibly things like handicrafts, ceramics, and tiles), and
• generally  Nicht OK for 2D works like murals and outdoor paintings, unless their presences in images are not being main subjects.

The reproduction of artistic, architectural, or applied artwork, is covered under the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, which allows reproduction of works in an outdoor public place if the author and the name of the original work is attributed.

• Article 24: In the following cases, a work may be exploited without the permission from, and without payment of remuneration to, the copyright owner, provided that the name or designation of the author and the title of the work are mentioned and the normal use of the work, or unreasonably damage the lawful rights and interests of the copyright owner shall not be affected:
  (10) copying, drawing, photographing, or video recording of an artistic work located or on display in a public place;...
  The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to restrictions on copyright-related rights.

The "Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China" (2020) Article 24, clause 10 states that:

[A] work may be exploited without the permission from, and without payment of remuneration to, the copyright owner, provided that the name or designation of the author and the title of the work are mentioned and the normal use of the work, or unreasonably damage the lawful rights and interests of the copyright owner shall not be affected:

copying, drawing, photographing, or video recording of an artistic work located or on display in a public place

Regulations and court decisions regarding to freedom of panorama:

• Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Cases of Civil Disputes over Copyright, Article 18: Artistic works in outdoor public places stipulated in Article 22, Item 10 of the Copyright Law refer to sculptures, paintings, calligraphy and other works of art that are set up or displayed in outdoor public places.
  Copying, painting, photographing, and video recording of the artistic works specified in the preceding paragraph may be used again in a reasonable manner and scope without causing any infringement.

• Reply on the "Report on the Request for Infringement of Copyright Disputes between Shandong Tianyi Advertising Co., Ltd. and Qingdao Hisense Communications Co., Ltd." of the Shandong Provincial Higher People's Court, the Supreme People's Court: (Dispute on using May Wind sculpture in advertisements) ... Here, for 'reasonable approach and scope', the 'approach and scope' for profit purposes should be included. This is the original intention of formulating the Judicial Interpretation. This provision of judicial interpretation is in conformity with the basic spirit of fair use as stipulated by the Berne Convention, and it is also in line with the legislation of most countries in the world."

• Wang Juxian vs. Shaoxing Water Conservancy Bureau on Other Copyright Ownership Infringement Dispute Trial Supervision, The Supreme People's Court: As mentioned above, China's Copyright Law exempts the public from the obligation to attribute the author's name and the name of the work while exempting the author from the obligation to authorize and pay for the copying of the sculpture in the outdoor public place. Under normal circumstances, the public can only rely on the annotation of the outdoor art work itself to confirm the author's name and the name of the work without any obligation to verify.

The following examples are OK:

• Photos of the Tian Tan Buddha sculpture. See the court ruling of a civil law case, in which the court ruled that commercial use of a photo of the Tian Tan Buddha by a telecommunications operator on their IP phone cards is permissible.

• Photos of the May Wind sculpture. Shandong Province Higher People's Court ruled in a civil case that the usage of an image of this sculpture as a wallpaper in cellphones by a cellphone manufacturer is permissible. China's Supreme Court later on endorsed this ruling.

Some limitations to the Chinese freedom of panorama as ruled by courts

• The Chinese FOP provision can hardly apply to works temporarily displayed in public places according to the reply by Supreme People's Court in 1995, which stated that works displayed only during the festival cannot be considered as "an artistic work located or on display in a public place".
• More recently, however, Chongqing Yuzhong District People's Court ruled in 2016 that the use of a photo of an outdoor sculpture on postcards for sale (commercial use without attribution) to be an infringement of the sculpture creator's rights (source: [9][10]). Note that the judge applied criteria pertaining to "fair use", including the purpose of reuse, the nature of use, and the consequences of use. Regarding the nature of use, the judge comments, "in this case, the photo contained in the 'Folklore Heritage' postcard issued by the advertising company is a full-body frontal photo of the sculpture of the 'Ciqikou night watchman', which is featured prominently in the picture and is the main vehicle for the postcard to express the design theme of 'Folklore Heritage', so this kind of use is not incidental."
• Regarding 2D works like outdoor paintings permanently installed in public spaces and murals, a recent court case by Beijing IP court (2020) gave a negative decision: "The Court believes that the general use of 2D art works by copyright owners is relatively simple, that is, copying works, creating derivative works on the basis of the original works for commercial use or authorizing others to do so. If a 2D art work is displayed in a public place, others can freely use it for commercial purposes after photographing, drawing or copying, the licensing and copyright owner's income will be seriously threatened, then the normal use of the work will be affected and the legitimate rights and interests enjoyed by the copyright owner will be prejudiced."

See also: Category:Chinese FOP cases.

Schöpfungshöhe

China has a relatively low threshold of originality standard; basic designs may be copyrightable. One of the most noticeable cases is the logo of a company named Gang Heng (listed below) ruled by China's supreme court as copyrighted (see below).

Die folgenden Beispiele sind OK:

• "Matchstick man" (image) with a black sphere as a head, black lines as torso, limbs and feet is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality (source).
• Five SKECHERS logos (image) are not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality in 2020 (final judgement and related news coverage).
• "BIOU" logo (image), with letter "b" and "o", and a small barcode in the upper right corner, is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality in 2018 (final judgement and related articles [11] [12]). Note that the logo was initially ruled as copyrightable by the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board and a lower court.
• "KON" logo (see below), with three black bars crossed together, is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Beijing Dongcheng District People's Court in 2019 (final judgement and news coverage).
• "Chao Qun" logo (see below), is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled China's Supreme People's Court in 2012 (original judgment by the Court). The court asserted that the expression does not show the existence of a unique style; there are only subtle differences when compared to the common Seal script and Clerical script, the "Chao Qun" logo does not reach a certain creative height, and does not have originality.

• 
  A stick figure similar to this image, where the head is represented by a circle and other parts represented by straight lines, is not copyrightable.
• 
  The SKECHERS's S logo is not copyrightable.
• 
  KON logo with three black bars crossed together is not copyrightable.
• 
  Chao Qun logo is not copyrightable.

The following examples are  Not OK:

• Calligraphy works, such as:
  • the work "道" on this photo (archived from original) (see the article by Beijing Youth Daily (archived from original), and the follow-up report (archived from original).
  • the character "勁" (archived from the original), with rulings made by Beijing No.1 Intermediate People's Court, and Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality
  • calligraphy for "澳門豆撈" (image), ruled by Henan Zhengzhou Intermediate People's Court (source).

are copyrighted (Copyright Law of the PR China: "Article 2 Works of Chinese citizens, legal entities or other organizations, whether published or not, shall enjoy copyright in accordance with this Law." ; "Article 3 'Works' mentioned in this Law shall include [...] in the following forms: (4) works of fine art and architecture" ; Regulations for the Implementation: "Article 4 (8) 'works of fine arts' means [...] such as paintings, works of calligraphy and sculptures;")

• Handwriting: a hand-written manuscript was deemed copyrightable as work of art, according to a decision made by Nanjing Intermediate People's Court in 2017 (sources: [13] [14], Final judgement).
• "LY" company logo (alternative link; archived from the original), although arguably relatively simple, has been ruled copyrightable by Trademark Appeal Board of the State Administration of Industry & Commerce, Beijing Intellectual Property Court, and Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality.

• Typefaces of characters "笑", "喜", and "城市宝贝" in these two logos are copyrightable, ruled Nanjing Intermediate People's Court in 2012. However the character "巴" in the same logo was decided not copyrightable for lacking originality in the same decision. (source, court decision full text: Final judgement)
• Gang Heng logo: China's Supreme People's Court ruled this logo to be protected by copyright in 2014 (original judgment by the Court; related news coverage).

• Dyneema logo (in this article): China's Supreme People's Court ruled this logo to be protected by copyright in 2017 (original judgment by the Court).
• K2 Sports logo as shown in the image below is eligible for copyright protection, determined during trademark adjudication proceedings in 2010 (source).

• 
  The logo of K2 Sports is copyrightable in China (but not copyrightable in its country of origin, the US).

Unterschriften

 Not OK: According to the laws of the People's Republic of China, whether a work is protected by copyright, that is contingent on the originality (, literally "independent creativity"). Works having originality are protected and the copyright held by their authors ("Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2020) Article 15: "A work created by compilation shall refer to the work which is compiled of some works, fragments of works or the data or other materials not constituting a work, and the choice or layout of the contents of which embodies the original creation. The copyright of the compilation work shall be enjoyed by the compiler, provided that the exercise of such copyright does not infringe upon the copyright of the pre-existing works included in the compilation.") The signatures are commonly created independently rather than imitatively.

The signatures by the Chinese people containing Chinese characters may be considered as Chinese calligraphy works, and thus defined as artwork (, or translated as "works of fine arts") and protected by law ("Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2002) Article 4: "(8) 'works of fine arts' means two- or three-dimensional works of the plastic arts created in lines, colours or other media which impart aesthetic effect, such as paintings, works of calligraphy and sculptures;"). In a typical case, Dow Jones & Company had used a calligraphy "" written by calligrapher Guan Dongsheng. In 2003, Guan Dongsheng won his court action against the company, ruling by the Beijing First Intermediate People's Court. The artwork can be seen here.

Exceptions OK:

• If a signature is originally from documents of legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, it is in the public domain (see {{PD-PRC-exempt}}).
• Signatures whose author died more than 50 years ago are in the public domain.
• If the work is not a handwritten signature, but was instead created using standard, common typefaces of Ming, Sans-serif, or Regular script, it may be in the public domain. However, the vector glyphs in computer fonts may still be copyrighted.

Briefmarken

Abkürzung

• COM:Stamps China

Siehe auch: Commons:Briefmarken

As mentioned elsewhere (see Manchukuo and Wang Jingwei regime CRT pages), stamps issued by the government of Manchukuo, or the Wang Jingwei regime are nowadays in public domain, as both are considered as puppet regimes by Chinese Government, and hence never recognized their copyright status.

Pending informations, but in normal cases  Not OK for nearly all non-Manchukuo, non-Wang-regime stamps in China, because in most cases, the dates of birth of authors of those stamps are not publicly known, unless if that's issued before Jan 1, 1929 which is a {{PD-anon-expired}} case, we should de facto judge them as copyrighted by China Post or its affiliates (e.g. Beijing Stamp Factory).

In rare cases, if the dates of birth of authors of some individual stamps are known, those can enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.

Siehe auch

• 中国 / 中國
• Category:License tags of China
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Hongkong
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Macau
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Mandschukuo
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Taiwan
• Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Wang Jingwei regime/de

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Hong Kong

Hongkong

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Hongkong Kürzel: COM:HK
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Audiovisuell	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Für 3D-Werke und „Werke des Kunsthandwerks“
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-HK}} {{PD-HK-factsheet}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	1. Juli 1997
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Dieser Abschnitt gibt einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen von Hongkong, der Sonderverwaltungsregion Chinas, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Hongkong stammt, sowohl in Hongkong als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Hongkong solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Hong Kong became a British colony in 1842. It was transferred back to China on 1 July 1997 as a special administrative region, with a separate system of government and legal system from mainland China.

Hong Kong has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995. Hong Kong joined the Berne Convention effective 1 July 1997.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Hong Kong. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. The Hong Hong eLegislation site also holds English and Traditional Chinese versions.

Allgemeines

According to the Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016),

• Copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work generally expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.^{[528/2016 Section 17(2)]}
• If the work is of unknown authorship, copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first made; or if during that period the work is made available to the public, at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is first so made available.^{[528/2016 Section 17(3)]}

• If the work is computer-generated copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[528/2016 Section 17(6)]}
• With a work of joint authorship, the term is calculated from the year of death of the last surviving known author.^{[528/2016 Section 17(7)]}
• The above does not apply to Government copyright or Legislative Council copyright (see sections 182 to 184) or to copyright which subsists by virtue of section 188 (copyright of certain international organizations).^{[528/2016 Section 17(8)]}

• Copyright in a sound recording expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is made; or if during that period it is released, 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is released.^{[528/2016 Section 18(2)]}
• Copyright in a film expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the death occurs of the last to die of the following persons (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.^{[528/2016 Section 19(2)]}

Government copyright

According to the Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016),

• Where a work is made by an officer of the Government in the course of his duties the work qualifies for copyright protection and the Government is the first owner of any copyright in the work.^{[528/2016 Section 182(1)]}
• Government copyright in a work continues to subsist (a) until the end of the period of 125 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made; or (b) if the work is published commercially before the end of the period of 75 years from the end of the calendar year in which it was made, until the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it was first so published.^{[528/2016 Section 182(3)]}

Legislative Council copyright

According to the Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016),

• Where a work is made by or under the direction or control of the Legislative Council the work qualifies for copyright protection and the Legislative Council is the first owner of any copyright in the work.^{[528/2016 Section 184(1)]}

• Legislative Council copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work continues to subsist until the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[528/2016 Section 184(3)]}

• For the purposes of this section, works made by or under the direction or control of the Legislative Council include (a) any work made by an officer or employee of the Legislative Council in the course of his duties; and (b) any sound recording, film, live broadcast or live cable programme of the proceedings of the Legislative Council. However, a work is not regarded as made by or under the direction or control of the Legislative Council by reason only of its being commissioned by or on behalf of the Legislative Council.^{[528/2016 Section 184(4)]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-HK}} – for work with copyright expired.
• {{PD-HK-factsheet}} – for work taken from the GovHK Fact Sheets website.

Währung

 Nicht OK section 103(1) of the Crimes Ordinance (Chapter 200) of the Laws of Hong Kong stipulates that reproduction of currency notes without prior permission of the Monetary Authority is an offense, and individuals may be liable for imprisonment for 6 months and a fine of HK$20,000.

It is worth to note that any approved reproduction under section 103 does not permit further subsequent copies or reproductions to be made for other usage ends without the written consent of the Monetary Authority. Therefore, applications for reproduction of Hong Kong currency note images for further copying or reproduction by a third party will generally not be approved. This implies that digital reproductions (which by nature permit further reproductions) are unlikely to be approved by the Authority, and so are not legally appropriate for Commons.

Panoramafreiheit

OK for 3D works and 2D artistic craftsmanships,  Nicht OK for many other 2D works, unless HKSAR government stated OK separately in particular cases. {{FoP-Hong Kong}}

According to Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016), it is not a copyright infringement to make graphic representations, take photographs, or broadcast the images of buildings, sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship, if the object is permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.^{[528/2016 Section 71]}

Because Hong Kong was a territory of the United Kingdom until 1997, Hong Kong law is modeled on UK law, and in the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be similar. See the United Kingdom for more details.

Similar to the UK law, 'works of artistic craftsmanship' is defined separately from 'graphic work'. The latter includes any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart or plan, and any engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut or similar work. Therefore freedom given in Sect 71 does not apply to posters or maps in public places.

Schöpfungshöhe

 Nicht OK für die meisten Logos. Die Schöpfungshöhe, die für einen Urheberrechtsschutz erforderlich ist, scheint sehr niedrig zu sein.

Because Hong Kong was a territory of the United Kingdom until 1997, Hong Kong law is modeled on UK law, and in the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be similar. See the United Kingdom for more details.

Briefmarken

as per talk page discussion.

The Hongkong Post, as a government department of Hong Kong, owns the intellectual property of stamps released by them.

Because Hong Kong was a territory of the United Kingdom until 1997, Hong Kong law is modeled on UK law, and in the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be similar. See the United Kingdom for more details.

Siehe auch

• 香港
• Category:Hong Kong FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Hong Kong
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/China
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Vereinigtes Königreich

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Japan

Japan

Urheberrechtsregeln: Japan Kürzel: COM:JAPAN
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Regierung	Gesetze, Urteile, Hinweise frei
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Für Gebäude
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Japan}} {{PD-Japan-exempt}} {{PD-Japan-organization}} {{PD-Japan-film}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-audio}} {{FoP-Japan}} {{TOO-Japan}}
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	JPN
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	15. Juli 1899
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	6. März 2002
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Copyright-Regeln von Japan, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Japan stammt, sowohl in Japan als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Japan solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Japan ist seit dem 15. Juli 1899 Mitglied des Berner Übereinkommen, seit dem 1. Januar 1995 der Welthandelsorganisation und am dem 6. März 2002 dem WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag beigetreten. Seit 2018 führt die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO), eine Unterorganisation der Vereinten Nationen, den Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014) als das wichtigste vom japanischen Gesetzgeber erlassene IP-Gesetz auf. Die WIPO hält den Text dieses Gesetzes in ihrer Datenbank WIPO Lexvor. Im Dezember 2018 gab die Agentur für kulturelle Angelegenheiten bekannt, dass die Dauer des Urheberrechts von 50 Jahren auf 70 Jahre nach dem Tod des Urhebers verlängert wurde, was dem Abkommen der Trans-Pacific Partnership entspricht. Dies betrifft nicht die Werke, die bereits vor dem 30. Dezember 2018 gemeinfrei waren.

Dauer

Nach dem Urheberrechtsgesetz (Gesetz Nr. 48 vom 6. Mai 1970, geändert bis zum Gesetz Nr. 30 vom 25. Mai 2018),

• Das Urheberrecht gilt für die Dauer des Lebens des Urhebers plus 70 Jahre.^{[35/1970-2018 Artikel 51]}
• Ist das Werk anonym oder pseudonym, dauert das Urheberrecht 70 Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung oder dem Tod des Urhebers, je nachdem, welcher Zeitpunkt früher eintritt.^{[35/1970-2018 Artikel 52]}
• Gemeinschaftswerke: 70 Jahre ab der ersten Veröffentlichung (oder Schöpfung, wenn unveröffentlicht).^{[35/1970-2018 Artikel 53]}
• Das Urheberrecht an einem Werk, das auf den Namen einer Organisation lautet, erlischt 70 Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung oder 70 Jahre nach der Schöpfung, wenn das Werk nicht innerhalb von 70 Jahren nach der Schöpfung veröffentlicht wird.^{[1899-1931 Artikel 53]}
• Die vorstehende Bestimmung findet keine Anwendung, wenn der Urheber das Werk während der in der vorstehenden Bestimmung genannten Schutzdauer beim Urheberrechtsamt anmeldet.^{[1899-1931 Artikel 53.2]}
• Für Tonaufnahmen gilt eine Frist von 70 Jahren nach der Veröffentlichung. Siehe {{PD-Japan-audio}} für Einzelheiten.
• Die Urheberrechtsdauer wurde 2018 von 50 auf 70 Jahre verlängert. Werke, deren Urheberrecht vor dem Datum des Inkrafttretens abgelaufen ist, sind davon nicht betroffen.

• Since June 18, 2003, cinematographic works are exceptionally protected for 70 years, instead of 50 years, after the publication, or 70 years after the creation if the film is not published within 70 years of the creation.^{[1899-1931 Art. 54]}
  • 38 years after the creator's death if it was published as his work before 1971.^{[1899-1931 Art. 22-3][1899-1969 Art. 3]}
  • All films produced in Japan prior to 1954 and directed by a person who died more than 38 years ago are in the public domain. See template {{PD-Japan-film}} for details.

• Photographs: 10 years from first publication (or creation if unpublished) before 1957.^{[1899-1931 Art. 23]}
• Copyright protection for photographs published on or before December 31, 1956 has been ended, whether the author is alive or not.
• The term of protection for works from 1970 or before is the longer of the term under the old Copyright Act and that under the current Copyright Act. This provision especially affects the copyright status of cinematographic works.

• If the work was also published in the U.S. within 30 days (or it was first published in the United States), it was also protected under U.S. law but not affected by the URAA restoration. See Commons:Gemeinfreie Dateien and Commons:Hirtle-Tabelle.

Nicht geschützt

Under the Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014) the following are not eligible for copyright.^{[35/1970-2014 Art. 13]}

1. the Constitution and other laws and regulations;
2. public notices, instructions, circular notices and the like issued by organs of the State or local public entities, incorporated administrative agencies ... or local incorporated administrative agencies ...;
3. judgments, decisions, orders and decrees of courts, as well as rulings and judgments made by government agencies in proceedings of a quasi-judicial nature;
4. translations and compilations prepared by organs of the State or local public entities, incorporated administrative agencies or local incorporated administrative agencies of [any of] the materials listed in the preceding three items.

Terms

Individual works

Date of author's death	Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1945	– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945	January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1957 January 1, 1971 –	{{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-1996|country=Japan|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945	January 1, 1958 – December 31, 1970	{{PD-Japan}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}The work was still in copyright in Japan on the date of URAA restoration (January 1, 1996) because copyright of the posthumous work was valid for 38 years from its publication before 1971.[1899 Art. 4][1969 Art. 52-1] {{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}} Note that {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} may not be used for files uploaded after 1 March 2012.
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967	– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
	January 1, 1929 –	{{PD-Japan}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} {{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}} Note that {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} may not be used for files uploaded after 1 March 2012.
Others		The work is still protected under Japan law.

Anonymous or Pseudonymous works

If the author of the work is unveiled during its copyright term, it is protected as an individual work. e.g. Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治, died in 1989) and his pen name "手塚 治虫" are well-known among people, so his works will be protected in Japan until 2059.

Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-anon-expired}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-anon-expired}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945	{{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-anon-auto-1996}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-anon-auto-1996|country=Japan|publication=year}}
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967	{{PD-Japan}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} {{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}}
Others	The work is still protected under Japan law.

Cooperative works

Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan-organization}} + {{PD-US-expired}} {{PD-Japan-organization}}{{PD-US-expired}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945	{{PD-Japan-organization}} + {{PD-1996}} {{PD-Japan-organization}}{{PD-1996|country=Japan}}
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967	{{PD-Japan-organization}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} {{PD-Japan-organization}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}}
Others	The work is still protected under Japan law.

Old photographs

Date of creation	Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1946	Any date	{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
January 1, 1947 – December 31, 1956	– December 31, 1956	{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
	January 1, 1957 – (within 10 years)	Judged under 1970 Copyright law. (as an individual work or pseudonymous work)
	Not published within 10 years from creation	{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
January 1, 1957 –	Any date	Judged under 1970 Copyright law. (as an individual work or pseudonymous work)

Ausnahmen

• For some government works, {{PD-Japan-exempt}}
• For pre-1953 films directed by a person who died more than 38 years ago. This may not exclude the company's work. e.g. In 2006, Roy Export Company Establishment sued a Japanese company that was copying Sunnyside (1919) and other pre-1953 films directed by Charlie Chaplin. Tokyo distinct court judged that Chaplin held their copyright. They have been protected until 2015 (38 years after his death, according to the older copyright law) or 70 years after their publication, plus more additional period by the wartime prolongation).
• {{PD-Japan-film}} + choose from {{PD-US-expired}} or {{PD-1996}} (–1945)

• For other films, No one expires copyright yet. (earliest 2025)
• FoP (photographs of an architectural work) {{FoP-Japan}} + free license tag for the image
• FoP (photographs of the copyrighted artwork or sculpture located in a public space) {{NoFoP-Japan}} (Not accepted on Commons)
• TOO (Logo) {{TOO-Japan}} + Public domain for the image

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} – for Japanese photos published before 1 January 1957, or photographed before 1 January 1947.
• {{PD-Japan}} – for Japanese non-photographic works 50 years after the death of the creator (there being multiple creators, the creator who dies last), or 50 years after publication for anonymous or pseudonymous authors. Valid for works whose author died before 1968.
• {{PD-Japan-film}} – for films produced in Japan prior to 1953.

• {{PD-Japan-organization}} – for images of the works in names of organizations/companies/corporations 50 years after the publication. Valid for works by the name of organizations which were published before 1968.
• {{PD-Japan-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright in Japan.

• {{GJSTU1}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Version 1.0).
• {{GJSTU-2.0}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Ver.2.0); compatible with CC BY 4.0.

Non-copyright tags:

• {{FoP-Japan}} may be added to a picture that includes architectural works, which are allowed under the "freedom of panorama" rule, but other tags should be given to show the picture's copyright status in Japan and the United States.

• {{AerialPhotograph-mlitJP}} – The copyright holder, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, allows anyone to use the image for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed.

Währung

OK. The designs of the Japanese banknotes are published as state-issued 'Notifications' which exempt them from copyright protection under Copyright Law of Japan. {{PD-Japan-exempt}} applies to them.

De minimis

Copyright Act Article 30-2, amended in 2012, states:

• Article 30-2: When creating a copyrighted work of photography, sound recording or video recording, other copyrighted items that are incidental subjects of the work because they are hard to be separated from the item that is a subject of the work may be copied or translated along the work being created (only if they are minor components of the work being created). However, if, considering the kinds of the incidentally included works and the manner of the copying or translation, it unfairly is prejudicial to the interest of the copyright holders of the incidentally included works, they may not.

Panoramafreiheit

• for artistic works:  Nicht OK {{NoFoP-Japan}} except in cases governed by Article 46.
• for buildings only: OK {{FoP-Japan}}

The Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014), allows the reproduction of artistic works located permanently in open places accessible to the public, such as streets and parks, or at places easily seen by the public, such as the outer walls of buildings, only for non-commercial purposes. Therefore, such photographs are not free enough for Commons.

Architectural works (i.e., buildings) located in such places may be photographed and the photos may be reproduced for any purposes. §46(iv), which contains the "non-commercial" restriction, applies only to "artistic works".^{[1899-1931 Art. 46(iv)]} Some buildings like the Tower of the Sun can be regarded as artistic works per discussion.

Regarding buildings, a 2003 ruling by the Osaka District Court states that in order for a building to be copyrighted, it "must have creativity in aesthetic expression in light of the definition of works stipulated in Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of the same Act." This means ordinary-looking buildings are not eligible for copyright protection as "architectural works".

For more information, refer to:

• 著作権法 – 建築に関する著作物について (Copyright Law – About Architectural Works), by 村田法律事務所 (Murata Law Office) (archived copy) — in Japanese

Note: According to Japanese copyright law, Japan has a copyright lifetime of 70 years after the death of the author (ie. creator/designer) or following "the death of the last surviving co-author in the case of a joint work." Henceforth, the author's works shall become copyright free and enter the public domain.^{[1899-1931 Art. 51]}

Briefmarken

Stamps more than 70 years old or published before 1 January 1968 are in the public domain, per {{PD-Japan}}.

Schöpfungshöhe

Logos in the gallery below are OK to upload. Article 2 of Japanese copyright law defines that a work is eligible for copyright when it is a production in which thoughts or sentiments are expressed in a creative way and which falls within the literary, scientific, artistic or musical domain.

Japanese courts have decided that to be copyrightable, a text logo needs to have artistic appearance that is worth artistic appreciation. Logos composed merely of geometric shapes and texts are also not copyrightable in general.

	(DR) Tokyo High Court's ruling: letters are a means of communication, shared by all. Copyright protection of fonts is limited only to those that raise artistic appreciation as much as artistic works do.
	(DR) Tokyo High Court's ruling: although the shape is stylized, the text is in a normal arrangement and keeps its function of being read as a sequence of letters.
	Tokyo District Court's ruling: the Court is negative towards recognizing the symbol as a copyrightable work of fine arts, because it is considered merely relatively simple graphic elements.

• Furby toy: utilitarian, so not protected by copyright as an artistic work. Not utilitarian in the United States, so photos of the toy can't be uploaded to Commons.

Unterschriften

OK for a typical signature,  Not OK for calligraphic signatures. The decision 平成10(受)332 (Hanrei Jiho No. 1730: 123) set a relatively high artistic threshold for typefaces. The decision 平成10(ワ)14675 substantiates that calligraphy works are copyrightable . According to Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of the Copyright Law, a work is a production in which thoughts or sentiments are expressed in a creative way and which falls within the literary, scientific artistic or musical domain. A signature must have aesthetic properties capable of artistic appreciation, not just beauty in terms of practical functionality, to be copyrightable.

Siehe auch

• Japan
• Category:Japanese FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Japan
• Category:Stamps of Japan

• s:ja:ヘルプ:パブリックドメイン (Wikisource: Help: Public Domain)
• s:ja:著作権法 (明治三十二年法律第三十九号) (Wikisource: Copyright Act 1899)
• s:ja:著作権法 (Wikisource: Copyright Act 1970)
• m:Legal/URAA Statement
• Grundlegende Konzepte im japanischen und amerikanischen Urheberrecht (Karjala und Sugiyama, 1988)

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Macau

Macau

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Macau Kürzel: COM:MACAU
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Audiovisuell	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Gemeinschaftswerk	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Angewandte Kunst	Erstellung + 25 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Ja
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-MacaoGov}} {{PD-MO}}
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	MAC
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	12. August 1999
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	31. Dezember 1994
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der chinesischen Sonderverwaltungsregion Macau, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Macau stammt, sowohl in Macau als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Macau solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

In 1887 Portugal gained rights to Macau, which was returned to China as a special administrative region in 1999. Macau remains under a separate political and economic system from the rest of China until 2049.

Macau has belonged to the World Trade Organization since 31 December 1994. The Berne Convention came into effect on 12 August 1999.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Decree-Law No. 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, on the Regime of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Law No. 5/2012 of April 10, 2012) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Macau. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

Allgemeines

According to Decree-Law No. 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, on the Regime of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Law No. 5/2012 of April 10, 2012),

• Generally, copyright shall lapse 50 years after the death of the creator of the work, even in the case of works disclosed or published posthumously.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 21]}
• The time-limits for the expiry of copyright will only start to run from the first day of the year following that in which the determining event occurs.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 21]}

• Copyright in a collaborative work expires 50 years after the date of the death of the co-author who died last.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 22.1]}
• Copyright in a collective work or work made for a legal entity shall lapse, unless otherwise provided, 50 years after the first disclosure or publication.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 22.3]}

• The duration of copyright for individual contributions to collaborative and collective works, where the personal contributions can be discriminated, is 50 years after the death of the creator of the contribution.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 22.4]}
• Copyright in an anonymous work, or work published or published without revealing the identity of the author, expires 50 years after disclosure or publication.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 23.1]}

• Copyright in an audiovisual work lapses 50 years after its disclosure.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 106]}
• Copyright in works of applied art lapse 25 years after the completion of the work.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 148]}
• The rights of performers lapse 50 years after the end of the year in which the phonogram or videogram was made.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 182]}

• The rights of producers of phonograms and videograms lapse 50 years after fixation.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 188]}
• The rights of broadcasting organizations lapse 20 years after the broadcast.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 192]}
• Non-Macanese works are copyrightable in Macau for the Macanese copyright duration or the home country or area, whichever is less, i.e. the rule of the shorter term applies in Macau.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 51ff]}

Nicht geschützt

According to Decree-Law No. 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, on the Regime of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Law No. 5/2012 of April 10, 2012), the following are not subject to protection: a) The news of the day and the reports of various events for the sake of simple information, in any case disclosed; (b) applications, claims, complaints and other documents submitted in writing or orally before public authorities or services; c) The texts presented and the speeches delivered to assemblies or other bodies collegiate, political and administrative matters, or in public debates on matters of common interest; d) Political speeches.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 5.1]}

Official works do not enjoy protection. Official texts, among others, are the texts of conventions, laws, regulations and reports or decisions of any authorities, as well as their translations.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 6]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-MacaoGov}} – for official works of Macau.

• {{PD-MacaoGov-text}} – text is in the public domain because official texts shall not benefit from protection.

• {{PD-MO}} – for works 50 years after the author's death or 50 years after creation if authorship unknown.

• {{PD-MO-old-art}} – copyright in works of applied art shall lapse 25 years after the completion of the work.

• {{PD-MO-old-audiovisual}} – copyright in an audiovisual work shall lapse 50 years after its disclosure.

• {{PD-MO-old-broadcast}} – rights of broadcasting organizations shall lapse 20 years after the broadcast.

• {{PD-MO-old-media}} – rights of producers of phonograms and videograms shall lapse 50 years after fixation.

• {{PD-MO-old-photo}} – copyright in photographic works shall lapse 25 years after their completion.

Währung

 Nicht OK. Currency is copyrighted and reproduction requires approval from the Monetary Authority of Macau.

"In accordance with article 14.2 of the Decree-Law No. 7/95/M of January 30, requests for reproduction of banknotes for educational and promotional purposes with justifiable reasons could be approved by the Government. In practice, such requests should be made to the Monetary Authority of Macau (AMCM)."

Panoramafreiheit

OK {{FoP-Macao}}

• It is legal, without the consent of the author ... To make copies by photography, videography, cinematography or other analogous means, of works of art placed in public places.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 61(l)]}
• However, the free use of a protected work must not prevent its normal economic exploitation nor unjustifiably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 62(l)]}
• The reproductions allowed under article 61 should not be confused with the original works by those who use them, and the reproduction or citation cannot be so extensive as to detract from the interest in those works.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 62(3)]}

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Manchukuo

Mandschukuo

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Mandschukuo Kürzel: COM:MANDSCHUKUO
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Gemeinschaftswerk	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}}
Abkommen

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Manchukuo relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Manchukuo must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both China and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Manchukuo, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Hintergrund

Manchukuo was founded in 1932 after Japanese troops occupied Northeast China and dissolved by the Soviet Union in 1945. China has always claimed Northeast China without recognizing Manchukuo.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Manchukuo}} – for collective and anonymous works from Manchukuo, which are now in the public domain in the People's Republic of China.
• {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}} – for stamps issued by the government of Manchukuo, which are now in the public domain in China.

Briefmarken

verwende {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}}.

Da die VR China stets den Nordosten beansprucht und Mandschuko nie anerkannt hat, endete jedes Urheberrecht an Briefmarken von Mandschuko spätestens am 1. Januar 1996, da China das "corporate copyright" auf 50 Jahre nach Veröffentlichung begrenzt und die einzelnen Grafiker nicht mehr festzustellen sind.

Siehe auch

• Manchukuo
• Category:Stamps of Manchukuo
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/China

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Mongolia

Mongolei

Urheberrechtsregeln: Mongolei Kürzel: COM:MONGOLEI
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Angewandte Kunst	Veröffentlichung + 25 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Mongolia}} {{PD MN-exempt}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	12. März 1998
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	29. Januar 1997
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	29. Januar 1997
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	25. Oktober 2002
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der Mongolei, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus der Mongolei stammt, sowohl in der Mongolei als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus der Mongolei solltest du dich an die entsprechenden Gesetze halten.

Hintergrund

Die Mongolei ist seit dem 29. Januar 1997 Mitglied der Welthandelsorganisation, seit dem 12. März 1998 Mitglied des Berne Convention und ist am 25. Oktober 2002 dem Template:Wp-WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrags beigetreten.

In 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Mongolia. This was repealed on May 6, 2021 in favor of a new, revised Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights. WIPO holds the text of this law and its amendments in their WIPO Lex database.

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended on May 6, 2021),

• The term of copyright protection work shall begin from the date of its creation or its publication.^{[2021 Article 14.1]}
• Exclusive rights to use the work shall be enforced during the lifetime of the author and for 50 years after December 31st of the year following the author's death.^{[2021 Article 14.3]}
• Exclusive rights to use the work created under a pseudonym or anonymously shall be valid until for December 31st of the 50th year after the first publication of the work.^{[2021 Article 14.5]}
• Copyright protection for joint works shall be enforced during the lifetime of the co-authors and for December 31st of the 50th year of the death of the last author.^{[2021 Article 14.7]}
• Exclusive rights to use the work of applied arts shall be enforced until December 31 of the 25th years from the date of creation of work.^{[2021 Article 14.4]}

Nicht geschützt

Under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended on May 6, 2021), Article 7 (Works not protected by copyright), the following are not protected by copyright:

• legislation, administrative norm acts, and other legal acts^{[2021 Article 7.1.1]}
• decisions and official documents of state administrative authorities and legal entities^{[2021 Article 7.1.2]}
• court decisions, judgments, decrees, judge's ordinance, speech at court hearings^{[2021 Article 7.1.3]}
• official translations of the aforementioned documents^{[2021 Article 7.1.4]}
• state emblems, coat of arms, flags, government awards, orders, medals, currency and other payment instrument^{[2021 Article 7.1.5]}
• news and information which transmit the simple facts and data created for the purpose of reporting the current events and results^{[2021 Article 7.1.6]}
• ideas, operating methods, operations, scientific discoveries, theories, abstract concepts and mathematical theorems.^{[2021 Article 7.1.7]}

Commissioned works

Under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended on May 6, 2021), Article 20 (Copyright in a Commissioned works)

• As stated in the agreement for a commissioned work, the author shall undertake duties to create and submit a work and the client/person commissioning the work shall undertake duties to pay the remuneration to the author.^{[2021 Article 20.2]}
• The exclusive right to use the work belongs to the author, unless the agreement provided for in the previous Article provides that the client has the exclusive right to use the work created under commission.^{[2021 Article 20.3]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Mongolia}} – applies to works first published in Mongolia: applied art 25 years after publication. Other works 50 years after the author's death. Anonymous and pseudonymous works and works created by legal persons 50 years after publication.
• {{PD MN-exempt}} – for exemptions listed in the Not Protected section.^{[2006 Article 8]}

Währung

OK: Currency and other payment instruments are considered works not protected by copyright.^{[2021, Article 7.1.5]} Note that currency was not on the list of items not protected under copyright law in the previous 2006 version of the law.

Panoramafreiheit

OK for works of architecture and sculptures.  Nicht OK for blueprints and architectural models (free use only for building restoration).  Nicht OK for 2D works, no indication that the exception extends to murals and other graphic works. Applicable template: {{FoP-Mongolia}}.

Article 46 of the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights provides for freedom of panorama, as long as the reproduction is not made to create an exact (identical) structure for direct or indirect commercial purpose.

Freedom of panorama was previously interpreted to not exist in Mongolia according to the now-repealed 2006 Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights, which only allowed for incidental inclusion of works in public spaces for reporting purposes, while also providing conditions similar to United States fair use conditions. This was superseded by the May 6, 2021 law.

The amended law's Article 46 states that Structures, statues and architectural works may be exploited in the following conditions without the authorization of or compensation to the author or right holder^{[2021, Article 46.1]}:

• to display them to public by making a duplication of the works of architecture, fine arts and statues located in public places permanently, and by painting, filming or photographing them.^{[2021, Article 46.1.1]} This shall not grant a right to reproduce an identical structure, statue or architectural creation directly or indirectly for commercial purposes.^{[2021, Article 46.2]}
• the exploitation of architectural drawings/blueprints, models, and schemes for restoration of such buildings and facilities.^{[2021, Article 46.1.2]}

See also Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2024/05#Updated FoP in Mongolia.

Siehe auch

• Mongolia
• Category:Mongolian FOP cases

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:North Korea

Nordkorea

Urheberrechtsregeln: Nordkorea Kürzel: COM:DPRK
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Gemeinschaftswerk	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Ja
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-North Korea}} {{PD-DPRKOld}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	28. April 2003
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	28. April 2003
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet eine Übersicht der Urheberrechtsregeln Nordkoreas (Demokratische Volksrepublik Korea)", die in Zusammenhang mit dem Hochladen von Werken auf Wikimedia Commons besteht. Beachte, dass Werke aus North Korea entweder gemeinfrei sein oder unter einer freien Lizenz stehen müssen, wobei dieses sowohl in Nordkorea als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gelten muss. Nur wenn dieses erfüllt ist, dürfen die Werke in Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden. Bei irgendwelchen Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status kontaktiere bitte einen Rechtsanwalt zur Klärung.

Hintergrund

Korea wurde vom Imperialisitschen Japan in 1910 annektiert. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg, der 1945 endete, wurde Korea in zwei Teile geteilt. Der Norden wurde von der Sowjetunion okkupiert, der südliche Teil von den USA. 1948 kam es zu jeweils eigenständigen Regierungen in den beiden Ländern.

Nordkorea ist seit dem 28.04.2003 ein Mitglied der Template:Wp-Berner Übereinkunft zum Schutz von Werken der Literatur und Kunst.

Ab 2018 listet die Template:Wp-Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO), eine Organisation der VN, Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (as amended by Decree No. 1532 of February 1, 2006, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly) als das Hauptgesetz bezüglich des geistigen Eigentums. Dieses Gesetz wurde von der Legislatur von Nordkorea erlassen. Die WIPO hat eine englische Ausgabe des Gesetzestextis in ihrer WIPO Lex-Datenbank. Eine koreanischsprachige Version ist auf WikiSource zu finden. Korea.gnu.org enthält die koreanischsprachige Version des Urheberrechtsgesetzes von 2001.

Dr. Deming Liu analysierte das nordkoreanische Urheberrechtsgesetz in einem wissenschaftlichen Aufsatz 2018.

Applicability

As listed by Article 9,^{[1532/2006 Article 9]} North Korean works eligible for copyright are:

• works of scientific treatises, novels and poems
• works of music
• works of theatrical art such as opera, drama, acrobatics and dance
• works of visual art such as film and television program
• works of fine arts such as painting, sculpture, industrial art, calligraphy and design
• works of photography
• works of graphic art such as map, chart, blueprint, sketch and model
• computer programs

Buildings are not specifically mentioned as applicable works. However, according to Liu (2018), "it is possible that buildings are protected as works of fine arts on the ground that they are analogous to sculpture as specifically provided for in the copyright act."

Allgemeine Regeln

Gemäß Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (as amended by Decree No. 1532 of February 1, 2006),

• Das Besitzrecht eines urheberrechtlich geschützten Werkes sollte ab dem Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung bis zum Zeitpunkt, an dem der Urheber seit 50 Jahren tot ist (50 pma), gelten. Ein kollaborative Arbeit ist ab der Veröffentlichung bis zum Zeitpunkt, an dem der zuletzt Gestorbene der mitgewirkten Autoren mindestens 50 Jahre tot ist, geschützt.^{[1532/2006 Article 23]}
• Das Besitzrecht eines urheberrechtlich geschützten Werks oder ein urheberrechtlich geschütztes visuelles Kunstwerk, dessen Autor eine Institution, Unternehmen oder Organisation soll 50 Jahre ab Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung gelten.^{[1532/2006 Article 24]}
• Die Zeitspanne des Urheberrechtsschutzes erstreckt sich vom Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung oder dem Tod des Autors bis zum Folgejahr nach dem Ende der gesetzlichen 50-jährigen Schonfrist.

Wenn also der einzige Autor eines Werkes am 07. März 1982 stirbt, so ist dessen Werk ab dem 01.01.2033 gemeinfrei.

Nicht geschützt

• Dokumente der Staatsverwaltung, aktuelle Neuigkeiten oder Daten der Information soll nicht Subjekt des Urheberrechtsschutz sein, es sei denn, ein kommerzieller Zweck wird verfolgt.^{[1532/2006 Article 12]}
• Ein "Werk, dessen Veröffentlichung, Ausgabe, Aufführung, Show oder Ausstellung verboten ist" ist nicht vom Urheberrechtschutz abgedeckt.^{[1532/2006 Article 6]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-North Korea}} – Public domain-Werk, dessen Urheberrecht abgelaufen ist
• {{PD-KPGov}} – Werk der Regierung oder anderes Werk in Public Domain
• {{PD-Korea-1910-1945}} – Werk, das während der japanischen Besetzung Koreas entstanden ist
• {{PD-Korea-1910-1945-photo}} – Fotografie, die während der japanischen Besetzung Koreas entstanden ist
• {{PD-Korea-1910-1945-film}} – Film, der während der japanischen Besetzung Koreas entstanden ist

Währung

 Nicht OK. According to the North Korean copyright act, documents for state management, current news or information data shall not be the object of copyright unless commercial purpose is pursued.^{[1532/2006 Article 12]} However, currencies are for commercial purposes, so currencies are not included here.

• Siehe auch: Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Banknotes of North Korea und Commons:Deletion_requests/Files_in_Category:Money_of_North_Korea

Panoramafreiheit

OK: {{FoP-North Korea}}

Gemäß Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (as amended by Decree No. 1532 of February 1, 2006), kann ein urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk ohne Erlaubnis verwendet werden [...], wenn ein urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk an öffentlichen Orten kopiert wurde.^{[1532/2006 Article 32.8]}

Briefmarken

. Gemäß nordkoreanischem Urheberrechtsgesetz von 2006, "gelten die Eigentumsrechte eines urheberrechtlich geschützten Werkes oder eines urheberrechtlich geschützten visuellen (Kunst-)werks, dessen Urheber eine Institution, Unternehmen oder Organisation ist, für bis zu 50 Jahre nach dessen Veröffentlichung ."^{[1532/2006 Article 24]}

Wenn vor dem 1. Januar 1974 veröffentlicht, benutze {{PD-DPRKOld}}.

Siehe auch

• 조선민주주의인민공화국
• Category:North Korean FOP cases
• Category:Stamps of North Korea
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Südkorea

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:South Korea

Südkorea

Urheberrechtsregeln: Südkorea Kürzel: COM:ROK
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Audiovisuell	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Nein
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-South Korea}} {{PD-Korea-1910-1945}} {{PD-Korea-1910-1945-film}} {{PD-Korea-1910-1945-photo}} {{PD-old-auto}} {{KOAL}} {{KOGL}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	21. August 1996
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	1. Oktober 1987
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	24. Juni 2004
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen von Südkorea, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Südkorea stammt, sowohl in Südkorea als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werks aus Südkorea solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan in 1910. After World War II ended in 1945, Korea was divided into two zones, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. In 1948, separate governments were formed in North Korea and South Korea.

South Korea has been a member of the Universal Copyright Convention since 1 October 1987, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995, the Berne Convention since 21 August 1996 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 24 June 2004.

As of 2021 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 17588 of December 8, 2020) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of South Korea. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

Types of protected work

Examples of protected works include:^{[3916/1987–2020 Article 4]}

• Fiction, poetry, articles, lectures, speeches and other literary works
• Musical works
• Pantomime, theater, dance and other theatrical works
• Calligraphy, painting, sculpture, prints, crafts, applied arts and other art works
• Models, design plans and other works used for building and construction

• Photographs
• Cinematographic works
• Maps, charts, plans, directions, models and other forms of work
• Computer programs

Not protected

Under the Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 17588 of December 8, 2020), works that fall under any of the following are not protected by copyright.^{[3916/1987–2020 Article 7]}

• Constitution, laws, treaties, orders, ordinances and rules
• Public notices, announcements, orders, and other similar matters by the State or local governments
• Judgment, decision, order and trial or administrative trial procedure of the court, other resolutions, decisions, etc. through similar procedures
• Compilation or translation of those stipulated in subparagraphs 1 through 3, prepared by the State or local government
• News reports that only convey facts

Allgemeine Regeln

Under the Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 14634 of March 21, 2017),

• An author's property rights survive 70 years after the author has died, except where otherwise specified.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 39]}
• Property rights in a joint work survive 70 years after the death of the last surviving author.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 39]}
• An anonymous or pseudonymous work is protected 70 years from publication unless the author becomes know during this period, in which case protection lasts as in Article 39.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 40]}

• A work created during employment is protected for 70 years from the time of publication. However, if it is not published within 50 years from creation it is protected for 70 years from creation.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 41]}
• An audiovisual work is protected for 70 years from publication. However, if it is not published within 50 years from creation it is protected for 70 years from creation.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 42]}

• The term of protection lasts until end of the year of the author's death, or year of creation or publication as applicable.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 44]}
• Neighboring rights are protected for 70 years from performance, recording or broadcast, as applicable.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 86]} Note that, for musical recordings, the underlying musical work will also need to be out of copyright.

Pre-1963 deaths, organization works

Copyright protection durations were 30 years before 1957 and 50 years before July 2013. This applies to copyrighted works of which authors died before 1 January 1963, or which were made public in the name of an organization before 1 January 1963.

Furthermore, with the exceptions of photographs reproducing otherwise copyrighted works of art, and photographs inserted into a work of study or art and produced only for the purpose of inclusion within said work, photographs or other works of a similar form to photography either published or produced in negative on or before 31 December 1976 are now in the public domain in the Republic of Korea as their term of copyright has expired there.

There are exceptional cases. Property rights are to belong to the state according to provisions of the Civil Law and other laws upon the death of a copyright owner without heir or, in the case of a legal person or organization, upon its dissolution. The product must also be in the public domain in the United States.

Status in den Vereinigten Staaten

For deciding if the work is out of copyright in the U.S., it's necessary to figure out whether the work was in copyright in 1996. If a work went out of copyright before the 1986 act extended copyright terms from 30 years to 50 years, it does not regain copyright. The act came into force in 1987, hence, works where all authors died before 1957 are out of copyright in both South Korea and the U.S.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-South Korea}} – for works whose author died more than 70 years ago or published in the name of an organization more than 70 years ago.
• {{PD-KoreaGov}} – for government works not protected by copyright laws
• {{PD-Korea-1910-1945}} – Work made while Korea was under Japanese occupation
• {{PD-Korea-1910-1945-photo}} – Photograph made while Korea was under Japanese occupation
• {{PD-Korea-1910-1945-film}} – Film made while Korea was under Japanese occupation
• {{KOAL}} - Permissive type of Korean Open Access License
• {{KOGL}} - Type 1 of Korea Open Government License

Cheque

 Nicht OK. Das Urheberrecht für südkoreanische Schecks liegt bei der Korea Federation of Banks. Die Korea Federation of Banks stellt keine Nutzungsbedingungen zur Verfügung.

Siehe auch: Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2021/04#Is it OK to upload South Korean cheques?

Währung

OK. The Bank of Korea owns copyright on all currency issued in South Korea since its establishment in 1950. The Bank of Korea allows anyone to reproduce and use the reproduction of its currency without requiring a permission but under certain restrictions, as explained in the Guidelines for the Reproduction of Bank of Korea Notes and Coins.

For electronic reproductions the resolution of the image in its original size must not exceed 72dpi, and the word "SPECIMEN" or "보기" must be marked on either the obverse or the reverse of any part, excluding the portrait, of the reproduction and must be plainly distinguishable but inseparable from the reproduction. The size of the word "SPECIMEN" or "보기" must larger than the word "Bank of Korea" on the top center of the front side of the banknote, and must be in a non-transparent color that is clearly contrasted with the main color of the respective banknote. This also applies to partial reproductions.

Please use {{South Korean currency}} for South Korean currency images that meet the requirement of Section 3.C (Intangible reproductions) of the currency reproduction guidelines.

De minimis

This photo is not copyright infringement because Lotte World Tower is not main object in this image, it's incidentally included.

Under the Copyright Act (as amended up to Act No. 16600 of November 26, 2019),

Article 35-3 (Incidental Inclusion, etc.),

A work seen or heard in the courses of photographing, voice recording, or video recording (hereinafter referred to as "shooting, etc." in this Article), where it is incidentally included in the main object of shooting, etc., may be reproduced, distributed, performed in public, displayed, or publicly transmited. That where it unreasonably prejudices the interest of the holder of author's economic right in light of the type and nature of the used work, the purpose and character of use, etc, the same shall not apply.

Panoramafreiheit

 Nicht OK, non-commercial only for artistic works, buildings, and photographs. {{NoFoP-South Korea}}

Note: Please tag South Korean no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:South Korean FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>
Under the Copyright Act (as amended up to Act No. 8101 of June 29, 2007),

Article 35 (Exhibition or Reproduction of Works of Art, etc.),

(1) The holder of the original of a work of art, architectural work or photographic work (hereinafter referred to as “work of art, etc.”), or a person who has obtained the holder’s consent, may exhibit the work in its original form: Provided, That where the work of art is to be permanently exhibited on the street, in the park, on the exterior of a building, or other places open to the public, the same shall not apply.

(2) Works of art, etc. exhibited at all times at an open place as referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) may be reproduced and used by any means: Provided, That in any of the following cases, the same shall not apply:

1. Where a building is reproduced into another building;
2. Where a sculpture or painting is reproduced into another sculpture or painting;
3. Where the reproduction is made in order to exhibit permanently at an open place under the proviso to paragraph (1);
4. Where the reproduction is made for the purpose of selling its copies.

(3) A person who exhibits works of art, etc. pursuant to paragraph (1), or who intends to sell originals of works of art, etc., may reproduce and distribute them in a pamphlet for the purpose of explaining or introducing them.

(4) No portrait nor a similar photographic work produced by commission shall be used without the consent of the commissioner.

This permits any reproduction of works permanently installed in "open places", 35.(2).4 specifically states that the rule does not apply "where reproduction is made for the purpose of selling its copies." Reproduction is defined in Section 2.(22) as "...the fixation or the reproduction in a tangible medium by means of printing, photographing, copying, sound or visual recording, or other means." Selling reproduction of artistic works in public place is not allowed, for examples, selling postcard, calendar, collection of photos in which the artistic works have major part is not allowed.

Exception

OK for non-building structures (such as bridges, dams, tunnels, etc.)

Non-building structures are not mentioned in Copyright Act Article 4, so they do not have a copyright in South Korea. Please use {{PD-structure|KOR}} or {{PD-SK-nonbuilding-structure}} for photos of South Korean non-building structures.

See also: Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Yi Sun-sin Bridge

Briefmarken

According to Articles 39 to 44 of the Copyright Act of the Republic of Korea, copyrighted works enter the public domain 70 years after publication when made public in the name of an organization. Use {{PD-South Korea}} if published before 1 January 1963.

Schöpfungshöhe

According to a machine translation of the Copyright Act as amended up to Act No. 14634 of March 21, 2017,

• "Work" refers to a creation that expresses human thoughts or feelings.^{[432/1957–2017 Article 2.2]}

The Supreme Court of South Korea declared that it is sufficient to be work if:

• it is not just an imitation,
• it has own characteristics as a product of mental efforts, and
• it can be distinguished from existing ones.

Seoul High Court judged the seagull pattern and the figure of Ebisu of EVISU Japan is not copyrighted because they cannot be recognized for originality. Also, The Supreme Court of South Korea has ruled that typefaces are not copyrighted. (See also Commons:Copyright rules by territory/South Korea § Signatures)

However, the Supreme Court of South Korea judged the logo of Fox Racing is copyrighted.

Unterschriften

OK for a typical signature: The Supreme Court of South Korea has ruled that typefaces are not protected by copyright.

 Nicht OK for calligraphic signatures: According to Copyright Act Article 4, calligraphy is protected by copyright (See also Commons:Copyright rules by territory/South Korea § Types of protected work).

Siehe auch

• 대한민국
• South Korea
• Category:License tags of South Korea
• Category:South Korean FOP cases
• Category:Stamps of South Korea

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Taiwan

Republik China

Urheberrechtsregeln: Taiwan Kürzel: COM:TAIWAN
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Fotografie	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Audiovisuell	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Gemeinschaftswerk	Erstellung/Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Regierung	Gemeinfrei, OGDL oder GWOIA
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	For buildings
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Taiwan}} {{OGDL}} {{GWOIA}}
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	TWN
Abkommen
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	30. Oktober 1992
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 2002
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen von Taiwan, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Taiwan stammt, sowohl in Taiwan als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Taiwan solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

Die Insel Taiwan wurde 1683 von Qing-China annektiert und 1895 an Japan abgetreten. Nach der Niederlage Japans im Zweiten Weltkrieg übernahm die Republik China (ROC) 1945 die Kontrolle über Taiwan. Im Jahr 1949 floh die Regierung der ROC vom chinesischen Festland nach Taiwan. Im Jahr 1971 verlor die ROC ihren Sitz in den Vereinten Nationen an die Volksrepublik China (VRC).

Die Urheberrechtsgesetze der Republik China sind im Urheberrechtsgesetz in der Fassung vom 15. Juni 2022 kodifiziert, das in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen und Matsu gilt. Eine Liste der Änderungen der Urheberrechtsgesetze seit 1928 findet sich auf Wikibooks.

Anwendbarkeit

Unter das Urheberrecht fallen die in Artikel 5 aufgeführten Werke:^{[2022 Art.5]}

• Mündliche und literarische Werke.
• Musikalische Werke.
• Dramatische und choreographische Werke.
• Künstlerische Werke.
• Fotografische Werke.
• Bildliche und grafische Werke.
• Audiovisuelle Werke.
• Tonaufnahmen.
• Architektonische Werke.
• Computerprogramme.

Allgemeines

Gemäß dem Urheberrechtsgesetz in der Fassung vom 15. Juni 2022,

• Die wirtschaftlichen Rechte bestehen im Allgemeinen für die Dauer des Lebens des Urhebers und 50 Jahre nach seinem Tod.^{[2022 Artikel 30]}
• Wird ein Werk erstmals zwischen dem 40. und 50. Jahr nach dem Tod des Urhebers öffentlich zugänglich gemacht, so bleiben die wirtschaftlichen Rechte für eine Dauer von 10 Jahren ab dem Zeitpunkt der ersten öffentlichen Zugänglichmachung bestehen.^{[2022 Artikel 30]}

• Economic rights in a joint work subsist for 50 years after the death of the last surviving author.^{[2022 Art.31]}
• Economic rights in a pseudonymous work or an anonymous work endure for 50 years from the time of public release; provided, the economic rights shall be extinguished where it can be proven that the author has been deceased for over 50 years. These provisions do not apply when the pseudonym of the author is well known to the public.^{[2022 Art.32]}

• Economic rights in works authored by a legal entity endure for 50 years after the public release of the work; provided, if the work is not publicly released within 50 years from the completion of the creation, the economic rights shall subsist for 50 years after completion of the creation.^{[2022 Art.33]}
• Economic rights for photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances endure for 50 years after the public release of the work. The proviso of the preceding article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph.^{[2022 Art.34]}
• All the above terms of duration terminate as of the last day of the last year of the term.^{[2022 Art.35]}

Nicht geschützt

According to the Copyright Act as amended on 15 June 2022, The following items shall not be the subject matter of copyright, to which {{PD-ROC-exempt}} applied:^{[2022 Art.9]}

1. The constitution, acts, regulations, or official documents.
2. Translations or compilations by central or local government agencies of works referred to in the preceding subparagraph.
3. Slogans and common symbols, terms, formulas, numerical charts, forms, notebooks, or almanacs.

1. Oral and literary works for news reports that are intended strictly to communicate facts.
2. Test questions and alternative test questions from all kinds of examinations held pursuant to acts or regulations.

The term "official documents" in the first subparagraph of the preceding paragraph includes proclamations, text of speeches, news releases, and other documents prepared by civil servants in the course of carrying out their duties.^{[2022 Art.9]}

According to Taiwan Intellectual Property Office (TIPO), symbols, seals, flags, or emblems that are formulated according to law are not subject to copyright protection under Article 9.

Terms

Individual works

Date of author's death	Date of publication	Copyright tag
1. Januar 1895 bis 31. Dezember 1914 date QS:P,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P580,+1895-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1914-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	bis 31. Dezember 1928 date QS:P,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/7,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Japan-1899}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
seit 1. Januar 1915 date QS:P,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11	bis 31. Dezember 1928 date QS:P,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/7,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Taiwan-expired}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
1. Januar 1915 bis 31. Dezember 1951 date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1951-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	seit 1. Januar 1929 date QS:P,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Taiwan-1996}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996|country=Taiwan|deathyear=death year}}
Andere		The work is still protected under Taiwanese law and/or URAA.

Anonymous or pseudonymous works

Date of publication	Lizenzvorlagen
1. Januar 1895 bis 31. Dezember 1914 date QS:P,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P580,+1895-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1914-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Japan-1899}} + {{PD-anon-expired}}
1. Januar 1915 bis 31. Dezember 1928 date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Taiwan-expired}} + {{PD-anon-expired}}
1. Januar 1929 bis 31. Dezember 1951 date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1951-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Taiwan-1996}} + {{PD-anon-auto-1996|country=Taiwan|publication=year}}
Andere	The work is still protected under Taiwanese law and/or URAA.

Cooperative works

Date of publication	Lizenzvorlagen
1. Januar 1895 bis 31. Dezember 1914 date QS:P,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P580,+1895-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1914-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Japan-1899}} + {{PD-US-expired}}
1. Januar 1915 bis 31. Dezember 1928 date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Taiwan-expired}}
1. Januar 1929 bis 31. Dezember 1951 date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1951-12-31T00:00:00Z/11	{{PD-Taiwan-1996}}
Andere	The work is still protected under Taiwanese law and/or URAA.

Alte Fotos

An old photograph of the Republic of China is in the public domain in both the Republic of China and the United States if it is one of the following:

1. A photograph published before 1952.
2. An anonymous photograph published before 2002 and whose author is certified dead before 1952.
3. A non-anonymous photograph taken before 1952 and unpublished within 50 years of being taken, but published before 2002.
4. A photograph not included in another work whose copyright term started before and continued to June 10, 1992 or not exclusively created for that work, and meeting one of the following conditions:
   • It's unregistered—taken before June 12, 1962 and published from July 12, 1965 until December 31, 2001.
   • It's registered—published before July 11, 1975, or taken before June 12, 1962 and published before 2002.
5. A photograph meeting the conditions of {{PD-US-unpublished}}.

See this page for further explanation.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Taiwan}} – for images in the public domain according to the Republic of China (Taiwan).
• {{PD-China}} – for images in the public domain according to the People's Republic of China (mainland) and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
• {{PD-China-film}} – for movies or images from movies published in China more than 50 years ago according to Mainland China and Taiwan.

• {{PD-ROC-oldphoto}} – for old photographs in the public domain.
• {{PD-ROC-exempt}} – for files in the public domain according to the Republic of China for free of copyright.
• {{PD-ROC-official}} – for the attachments of the laws of the Republic of China from the website of the Legislative Yuan law system.
• {{PD-ROC-Presidential Office Gazette}} – for the Presidential Office Gazette from 20 May 1948 to present by the Presidential Office of the Republic of China.

• {{PD-ROC-Traffic Signs}} – for Taiwanese traffic signs from the website of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications.

• {{PD-ROC-Traffic Markings}} – for Taiwanese traffic markings from the website of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications.

• {{OGDL}} – for data released by government agency, government-owned business, public school and administrative legal entity and offered for use and re-use under the Open Government Data License, version 1.0.
• {{GWOIA}} – for information obtained from the websites of government agency, government-owned business, public school and administrative legal entity in Taiwan that includes the Government Website Open Information Announcement.

See also Commons:Copyright rules by territory/China:Copyright tags for works before and after 1949.

Währung

 Nicht OK for all New Taiwan Dollar, both banknotes and coins, per Commons:Deletion requests/NTD banknotes.

As explained by VRT ticket 2014050810011876, all NTDs are protected by copyright under the Copyright Act of Taiwan. The copyright holder is the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan):

In response to the enquiry in your e-mail dated April 27, 2014, please be noted that the images of our national currency are strictly under the protection of the Copyright Act of Taiwan. That means all the pictures on the NTD banknotes are not allowed to be exhibited on any commercial websites without our permission in advance.

For several years, some users claimed that {{GWOIA}} may apply to them, based on CBC's Government Website Open Data Announcement:

“

Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.

”

This is also not true as per another VRT ticket 2020051710002624, to which a CBC officer said that their GWOIA can only apply to their policy texts and photos made for hire that are photographed by their employees, and can't apply to any currency samples.

Please also note that there are several artworks and photograph works on currencies, they are all copyrighted, in Taiwan as per the copyright note, and in the United States as per URAA.

Inconclusive For Old Taiwan Dollars, their copyright terms should be treated case by case.

De minimis

Public space and artistic works

Commercial freedom of panorama is not allowed in Taiwan for copyrighted works of art (non-architecture). A de minimis standard was set by the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office regarding photographs that may show copyrighted monuments and murals of Taiwan:

(2) As to whether the photographing of outdoor graffiti (artistic works) and print it in postcards for sale constitute the situation of "reproduction of artistic works for the purpose of selling reproductions" in paragraph 4 of Article 58 of the Law, in principle, if a specific artistic work is taken as the "theme" or the "focus", and the photos are printed in postcards for sale, it should be the situation of paragraph 4 of Article 58, one shall not claim fair use in accordance with this article; However, if such artistic works are used as the background for portrait photos or other landscape photos, and such art works are "attached" to the photos (not the focus of photo), there is a space for fair use in accordance with Paragraph 4 of Article 58 of the Law. As for the situation of fair use in accordance with Article 58 of the Law mentioned in the Vol.192 (p.77) of TIPO's monthly magazine, it is only limited to the above-mentioned "incidental use" of outdoor artistic works.

— Excerpt of English translation of Email No.1111122

Note that in the context of Taiwanese copyright law, fair use is not "fair use" in the American context but is a synonym for a copyright limitation. Freedom of panorama and de minimis are considered as types of fair uses in Taiwan.

Panoramafreiheit

• OK for buildings only {{FoP-Taiwan}}
•  Not OK for artistic works (sculptures, murals, and other non-architecture)

Article 58 of the "Copyright Act" states that:

Artistic works or architectural works displayed on a long-term basis on streets, in parks, on outside walls of buildings, or other outdoor locales open to the public, may be exploited by any means except under the following circumstances:

1. Reproduction of a building by construction of another building.
2. Reproduction of a work of sculpture by production of another sculpture.
3. Reproduction for the purpose of long-term public display in locales specified in this article.
4. Reproduction of artistic works solely for the purpose of selling copies.

Reproductions of artistic works are thus only for non-commercial purposes; therefore, such photographs are not free enough for Commons:  Not OK.

The Taiwan Intellectual Property Office upheld this exact and restrictive perspective on freedom of panorama in their two correspondences which are accessible online: Reply No.1111122 and Reply No.1111230. This not only replaces some inconsistent interpretations in the past which Wikimedia Commons accepted in 2018 (for 3D public art) and in 2020 (for 2D public art), but also reinstated the original standpoint of Wikimedia Commons regarding the Taiwanese freedom of panorama. A more recent correspondence from TIPO, Reply No.11260001910, reaffirms the prior replies and explicity states that the use of free Creative Commons licenses on photos of copyrighted public art (such as outdoor sculptures of Ju Ming and Hongtong village murals) as mandated by Wikimedia may result to copyright infringement as the licenses involve the use of those photos on post cards and other media in which the only purpose is to sell copies of the artistic work. TIPO suggested that the Creative Commons license terms should exclude "reproduction of artistic works solely for the purpose of selling copies of the said works."

Also, Article 64 states that:

• Who uses other people's works according to Article 44 to 47, Article 48 to Article 50, Article 52, Article 53, Article 55, Article 57, Article 58, and Articles 60 to 63, shall clearly indicate their origin.
• The source of the explicit source in the preceding paragraph shall be used in a reasonable manner except for those whose name is unknown or whose works are unknown.

See also these related discussions: in October 2021 and in January 2023 on Commons, and also an extensive discussion and debate over the matter in Chinese Wikipedia.

Architecture vs. artistic works

Reply No.11260001910 reaffirms the standards of what is an architectural work in Taiwan, citing Section 4 the Building Act. Accordingly, a building "refers to the structures or miscellaneous works fixed on the ground or under the ground surface, having top covers, beams, columns, or walls, and used for individuals or the public." According to TIPO, if a certain work belongs to the categories of both architectural works and artistic works, the said work is still subject to the non-commercial restrictions of Taiwanese freedom of panorama at Article 58, paragraph 4.

Schöpfungshöhe

The level required for copyright is low. Independently created works with "minimal creativity" are eligible, according to Taiwan's Intellectual Property Office.

The following examples are OK:

• These two artworks with traditional design elements are unprotected, according to court decisions that they do not meet the originality threshold for copyright protection:

• 
• 

• Simple typeface, such as the typeface of Sunshow company logo:

• 

The following examples are  Nicht OK:

• Calligraphy works, including:
  • "燒烤飯糰" on this photo, is copyright protected ruled by a court.

• • "風月堂" (see the last page of the PDF document for the work in question).
• The graphic part of Sunshow company's logo. The court ruled that the graphic part of the logo: two hands clasped together, one over the other, is copyrightable, but the typeface "SUNSHOW" is not.
• The Louis Vuitton Monogram Multicolor pattern [15].

Unterschriften

 Not OK: This government regulation (archived from original) lists handwriting and calligraphy as examples of artistic works that are subject to copyright protection.

Briefmarken

According to the TIPO, stamps are considered as normal copyrighted artworks, not government works. Old stamps can be public domain following the #Terms section above.

Siehe auch

• 中華民國
• Category:Taiwanese FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Taiwan
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/China

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss