Atlas of Kurdistan

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Kurdistan

Kurdistan كوردستان Kurdî كوردی Kurdistan Kurdistan tê wateyê welatê kurdan. Welatê Kurdistan di nav dewletên Tirkiye, Sûriye, Iraq û Îranê de hat perçe kirin. Beşên Kurdistanê ev in: Bakurê Kurdistanê, Başûrê Kurdistanê, Rojhilata Kurdistanê û Başûrê Rojavaya Kurdistanê. العربية كردستان كُردِستَان أو بِلَادِ الكُردِ هي منطقة جغرافية في الشرق الأوسط، حيث تركز الشعب الكردي تاريخياً. وهي اليوم مكونة من جنوب شرق تركيا، وشمال العراق، وشمال غرب إيران، وأجزاء من شمال سوريا. Türkçe Kürdistan Kürdistan, Kafkaslar'ın güneyi ve Orta Doğu'da, Türkiye, Irak, İran, Suriye, Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan ülkelerine ait toprakların bir kısmını kapsayan yerleşim bölgelerini adlandırmak için kullanılan bir terim. فارسی سرزمین کردستان سرزمینی که کردها در آن زندگی می‌کنند (به کردی: کوردستان/Kurdistan) نام دارد. کردستان نام یکی از ایالات بزرگ ایران بوده است که در جنگ چالدران بین نیروهای شاه اسماعیل اول صفوی و سلطان سلیم اول عثمانی در سال ۱۵۱۴ میلادی انجام گرفت و بر اثر شکست ایران، بخش بزرگی از کردستان از ایران جدا شد و نصیب عثمانی ‌گردید ("کردستان عثمانی"). English Kurdistan - Kurdistan Kurdistan is an extensive plateau and mountainous area in Middle East, inhabited mainly by Kurds. It covers large parts of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northwestern Iran and smaller parts of northern Syria and Armenia. It roughly includes Zagros and eastern Taurus mountain ranges. From a political standpoint, Iraqi Kurdistan is the only region which has gained official recognition internationally as an autonomous federal entity. Short name Kurdistan Official  name Kurdistan Status Divided by Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria Capital Idem Population 25–30 Million inhabitants Area 190,000 km² - 390,000 km² km² Major  languages Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian Major  religions Muslim More information Kurdistan, Geography of Kurdistan, History of Kurdistan and Politics of Kurdistan More  images Kurdistan - Kurdistan (Category).

General maps

Kurdish-inhabited area

Kurdistan (H. Binder, 1887)

Kurdistan (RGS, 1892)

Kurdish- and mixed Kurdish-inhabited areas (1910)

Kurdish-inhabited area (CIA, 1948)

Kurdish-inhabited area (CIA, 1986)

Kurdish-inhabited area (CIA, 1992)

Kurdish-inhabited area (CIA, 2002)

Kurdish-inhabited area and Kurdish diaspora in the Middle East

Kurdish-inhabited area

Kurdish-inhabited area

Kurdish language area

Kurdish language area

Kurdish language area

Kurdish language area

Status of Iranian languages

Southern Kurdish dialect

History maps

This section holds a short summary of the history of the area of present-day Kurdistan, illustrated with maps, including historical maps of former countries and empires that included present-day Kurdistan.

Bronze Age

Map of the state of Mitanni in 1450 BC

Map of the state of Mitanni in 1450 BC

Map of the state of Mitanni in circa 1400 BCE

Map of the kingdom of Mitanni at its maximal extension

Map of the state of Mitanni

Map of the state of Mitanni

Map of the state of Mitanni

Iron Age

Median Empire, around 600 BC

Median Empire, around 600 BC

Median Empire, since 600 BC

Median Empire, 6th century BC

Classical period

Achaemenid Persian Empire in the time of the Cyrus the Great

Achaemenid Persian Empire in the time of the Cyrus the Great

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 540 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 500 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 500 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 500 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 500 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 500 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 490 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire in the time of the Darius the Great

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 480 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 480 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire

Achaemenid Persian Empire

Hellenistic period

Macedonian Empire, 334-323 BC

Macedonian Empire, 323 BC

Macedonian Empire, 323 BC

Macedonian Empire

Seleucid Empire, 323 BC

Seleucid Empire, 303 BC

Seleucid Empire, 301 BC

Seleucid Empire, 200 BC

Seleucid Empire, 194 BC

Seleucid Empire

Seleucid Empire

Seleucid Empire

Parthian Empire, 100 BC

Parthian Empire, 1st century BC

Kingdom of Gordyene, 95-66 BC

Parthian Empire, 60 BC

Parthian Empire, 60 BC

Parthian Empire, 50 BC

Roman period

Roman dependency of Corduene (as of 31 BC)

Parthian Empire, 1 AD

Parthian Empire, 1 AD

Parthian Empire

Parthian Empire

Parthian Empire

Sassanid Persian Empire and Eastern Roman Empire, around 400 AD

Roman-Persian Frontier, 5th century

Sassanid Persian Empire and Eastern Roman Empire, around 500 AD

Sassanid Persian Empire, around 500 AD

Sassanid Persian Empire, 565 AD

Roman-Persian Frontier, 565

Sassanid Persian Empire and Eastern Roman Empire, 6th century

Sassanid Persian Empire, 6th century

Sassanid Persian Empire, 600 AD

Sassanid Persian Empire and Eastern Roman Empire, 600 AD

Sassanid Persian Empire, 620 AD

Sassanid Persian Empire, 226-651

Sassanid Persian Empire

Sassanid Persian Empire

Sassanid Persian Empire

Sassanid Persian Empire

Persian Empires, 610 BC-651 AD

Roman-Persian Frontier in Late Antiquity, 4th-7th centuries

Middle Ages

Hasanwayhid dynasty (10th-11th century)

Marwanids rule areas (990-1085)

Ghurid Iranian Empire, 1149-1212

Ayyubid Empire, 1171-1246

Ayyubid Empire, 1171-1246

Ayyubid Empire, 1171-1246

Ayyubid Empire, 1188

Ayyubid Empire, 1188

Ayyubid Empire, 1189

Ayyubid Empire, 1190

Ayyubid Empire, 12th century

Anatolia and surrounding regions in AD 1200

Ayyubid Empire, 1250-1260

Ayyubid Empire, 1257

Ayyubid Empire

Timurid Persian Empire, 1365-1405

Timurid Persian Empire

Timurid Persian Empire

Timurid Persian Empire

Early Modern period

Safavid Persian Empire in 1501-1722

Safavid Persian Empire in 1501-1722

Safavid Persian Empire in 1512

Safavid Persian Empire, 16th-18th century

Afsharid Iranian Empire, 1723-1735

Afsharid Iranian Empire, 1736-1802

Persia in 1741

Qajar Persian Empire during earlier years of Qajar dynasty

Qajar Persian Empire

Kurdish Independent Kingdoms and Autonomous Principalities circa 1835

Khurasani Kurdish exclave circa 1835

Ardalan state

Ardalan state

Kurdish states from 2nd century BC to 19th century

Persia and Ottoman Empire in 1900

Persia in 1907

Proposed Kurdish state by the Treaty of Sèvres (1920)

Proposed Kurdish state by the Treaty of Sèvres (1920)

Proposed Kurdish state by the Treaty of Sèvres (1920)

Proposed Kurdish state by the Treaty of Sèvres (1920)

Kurdish statehood in the 20th century

Kingdom of Kurdistan in 1923

Kingdom of Kurdistan in 1923

Red Kurdistan (Kurdistan Uyezd, Kurdistan Autonomous Province) in Soviet Caucasus, 1923-1929.

Kurdistani District (Red Kurdistan) in Soviet Caucasus, 1930.

Republic of Mahabad (1946)

Republic of Mahabad (1946)

Map showing the claimed borders of Southern and Western Kurdistan (Rojava)

Old maps

This section holds copies of original general maps more than 70 years old.

Ancient Media

Ancient Media

Ancient Media

Median Empire, around 600 BC

Median Empire, 600 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, 588-536 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, 579-560 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 500 BC

Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 500 BC

Macedonian Empire, 336-323

Macedonian Empire

Macedonian Empire, 331-301 BC

Macedonian Empire

Macedonian Empire

Kingdoms of Corduene-Sophene, 63 BC

Map by Mahmud al-Kashgari (1074), showing Arz ul Akrad Arabic for land of Kurds between Arz ush Sham (Syria), and Arz ul Iraqeyn (Iraq Arabi and Iraq Ajami).

Timurid Persian Empire, 1405

Timurid Persian Empire, 1405

Timurid Persian Empire, 1405

Old map of Kurdistan from 1590

Historic map from 1721, showing borders of Curdistan provinces

Old map of Kurdistan from 1785

Old map of Kurdistan from 1785

Old map of Kurdistan from 1787

Old map of Kurdistan from 1791

Detail of Kurdistan from A New Map of Turkey in Asia published by Laurie & Whittle, London, 1794, based on the maps of Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (1697–1782)

Old map of Kurdistan from 1801

Persia in 1808

Detail of Kurdistan from A New Map of Turkey in Asia published by William Darton (1781–1854) in London, 1811

Old map of Kurdistan from 1813

Persia in 1814

Detail of Kurdistan from Turkey in Asia published by Fielding Lucas, Jr. (1781–1854) in Baltimore, 1823

Old map of Kurdistan from 1856

Persia in 1848

Old map of Kurdistan from 1861

Old map of Kurdistan from 1861

Old map of Kurdistan from 1862

Kurdistan in 1887

Mosul province, 1897

Persia in 1900

Persia in 1916

Persia in 1921

Kurdish map of Kurdistan and the Kurds, made by the diaspora in Cario (1946)

Ethnic "Kurdistan" (diagonal shading) according to the CIA in 1948 and Kurdistan (dashed outline) as claimed by the Rizgari Party in 1946.

Iraqi Kurdistan

Kurdistan Autonomous Region in Iraq in 1975

Kurdish Federation in 1998

Kurdish Federation in 1998

Kurdish areas in 2003

Kurdistan Region in Iraq in 2009

Kurdistan Region in Iraq in 2012

Governorates of Kurdistan Region in Iraq in 2012

Governorates of Kurdistan Region in Iraq in 2015

Location of Iraqi Kurdistan (dark red) with respect to Iraq (white) and claimed areas (hatched) on a map of the Middle East.

Iraqi Kurdistan region

Iraqi Kurdistan region

Iraqi Kurdistan region

Iraqi Kurdistan region

Governorates of Iraqi Kurdistan region

Dihok Governorate of Kurdistan Region in 2012

Hewlêr Governorate of Kurdistan Region in 2012

Silêmanî Governorate of Kurdistan Region in 2012

Silêmanî Governorate of Kurdistan Region in 2015

Proposed borders of the Helebce Governorate of Kurdistan Region in 2014-2015

Kurds in Iraq, 1983

Ethnic and religious distribution of Iraq. The Kurdish population is shown in pink

Kurds in Iraq

Kurds in Iraq

Syrian Kurdistan

Map showing claimed and de facto territory of Rojava

Map showing claimed and de facto territory of Rojava

Map showing de facto borders of Western Kurdistan (Rojava) in February 2014

Map showing de facto borders of Western Kurdistan (Rojava) in June 2015

Map showing de facto borders of Western Kurdistan (Rojava) in June 2015

Map showing de facto borders of Western Kurdistan (Rojava) in October 2016

Map showing the claimed borders of Western Kurdistan (Rojava)

Map showing the claimed borders of Western Kurdistan (Rojava)

Map showing the claimed borders of Western Kurdistan (Rojava)

Map showing de facto cantons of Western Kurdistan (Rojava) in February 2014, as well as territories claimed by Western Kurdistan (Rojava), but not controlled by the Kurds in February 2014

Map showing de facto cantons of Western Kurdistan (Rojava) in February 2014

Map showing de facto cantons of Rojava

Map showing de facto cantons of Rojava

Map showing de facto cantons of Rojava

Iranian Kurdistan

Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran

Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran

Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran (yellow)

Iranian Kurdistan (yellow)

Ethnoreligious distribution of Iran, 2004   Kurd   Persian   Azeri   Arab   Lur   Baloch   Qashqai   Turkmen   Gilaki   Mazandarani   Talysh   Other   Sparsely populated

Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran

Kurdistan province of Iran

Kurdistan province of Iran

Kurdistan province of Iran

Kurdistan province of Iran

Kurdistan province of Iran

Kurdistan province of Iran

Turkish Kurdistan

PKK Conflict

Turkish Kurdistan

Notes and references

General remarks: The WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. The main page is therefore the portal to maps and cartography on Wikimedia. That page contains links to entries by country, continent and by topic as well as general notes and references. Every entry has an introduction section in English. If other languages are native and/or official in an entity, introductions in other languages are added in separate sections. The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. The same goes for the texts in the history sections. Historical maps are included in the continent, country and dependency entries. The status of various entities is disputed. See the content for the entities concerned. The maps of former countries that are more or less continued by a present-day country or had a territory included in only one or two countries are included in the atlas of the present-day country. For example the Ottoman Empire can be found in the Atlas of Turkey.