Translations:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Consolidated list Others/3/de

Text transcluded from
COM:Andean Community

Andengemeinschaft

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Andengemeinschaft Kürzel: COM:Andengemeinschaft
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a. (min.)
Fotografie	Einfache Fotografien unterliegen nicht dem Standardschutz
Audiovisuell	Simple recording are not subject to Standard protection
Gemeinschaftswerk	Erstellen/Veröffentlichen + 50 Jahre (mindestens, außer wenn die Werke anonym sind)
Angewandte Kunst	Veröffentlichung + 10 Jahre
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Ja
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Abkommen
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	15. April 1994

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der Andengemeinschaft, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus der Andengemeinschaft stammt, sowohl im Ursprungsland als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werks aus der Andengemeinschaft solltest du dich zur Klärung an die entsprechenden andinen und nationalen Gesetze wenden.

Hintergrund

The Andean Community (AC) is a customs union comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The trade bloc was called the Andean Pact until 1996 and came into existence when the Cartagena Agreement was signed in 1969. In 1993 the members of the Andean Community adopted Decision 351, which defined common rules for copyright and neighboring rights. In 1994, the Community signed the TRIPS agreement for its inclusion to World Trade Organization. Additional rules for industrial design were established in 2000 in Decision 486.

At this time all members had adopted the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention However, various factors have delayed further convergence on common copyright rules, a prerequisite to integration of the information economies.

Nuevos criterios jurisprudenciales del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina, a book relevant for copyright cases and related to the changes in Decision 351 is released in 2019, available on AC official website.

Allgemeine Regeln

Decision 351 rules have immediate and binding effect, overriding domestic laws. However, Decision 351 allows the member states to raise the standards of the rules in the areas of authors' moral rights, authors' economic rights, copyright terms, and exceptions and limitations. The rules of the common regime include:

• Each member country gives the nationals of other countries protection no less favorable than that accorded to its own nationals.^{[1993 Article 2]}
• The author shall have the inalienable, unattachable, imprescriptible and unrenounceable moral rights.^{[1993 Article 11]}
• The term of protection of the rights is not less than the life of the author and 50 years after their death.^{[1993 Article 18]}
• Where the ownership of the rights accrues to a legal entity, the term of protection is not less than 50 years from the making, disclosure or publication of the work, as the case may be.^{[1993 Article 18]}

The term of protection shall be counted from 1 January of the year following that of the death of the author or that of the making, disclosure or publication of the work, as appropriate.^{[1993 Article 20]} Unlike moral rights, economic rights are subject to can be expropriated, waived or seized and are not perpetual (according to the presentation of the Peruvian lawyer and AC magistrate representing to this country Gómez Apac).

Decision 351 also defined rules that would take effect where consistent with the domestic laws of the AC members, including provisions on works-for-hire, droit de suite, computing terms of protection, transferring and licensing, and affiliation to collective rights management societies.

Retroactivity

There is a controversy about the retroactivity of the protection of works that are in the public domain due to registration formalities before the entry into force of Decision 351 or the extension period for expired works in other countries. However, derivative works remain under the "public domain" and the status of maintain them is decision of each country in its laws. File 607-IP-2018 (also quoted in file 2-IP-88, from C-09/19, which explains the inconsistencies between the Colombian Constitution and copyright for Andean law) indicates that domestic laws that contradict existing AC decisions will not be repealed within national jurisdiction. However, in other cases, if the work is imported from other countries, the superior laws previously mentioned will be considered for community court (principle of preeminence). Exemptions exist for certain laws that interpret the decisions of the Andean Community in a prejudicial manner for the country that has not yet been normalized.

This could occur in the following cases, only for countries subscribed in that year:

• If the work expired before 1994 in its country of origin, the work into to the public domain in the Andean Community and United States except if the domestic law had a longer protection in URAA date or applies retroactivity. There are retroactivity for databases and software source code as literary works for domestic laws that do not mention as such.^{[1993 Article 60]} However, some creations like simple photographs or works of anonymous authors are not subject to protection for Decision 351, so they safely enter the public domain under Andean laws if their protection under the domestic laws has expired.
• If the work expired between 1994 and the updating of the domestic law in its country of origin, the protection extends to another countries. So, if the domestic law extinguishes its copyright term after 1994 (see Article 21), other countries will prevail its term under Andean Community protection, when its author is attributed as individual or organizational.^{[1993 Article 59]} Anonymous works do not have this possibility.
• Unregistered pre-1994 published works shall be subject to Decision 351.^{[1993 Article 60]} For works acquired before into force of the new AC rules will maintain their status, but heirs of their author who died after 1944 will be able to exploit their derivative works created after the Andean Community rules came into force. The same applies to organizational works created since 1944. This does not usually affect the United States, if domestic law keeps the work in the public domain prior to domestic extension and URAA date.
• If the work was created or published since 1994, or the date on which the country is considered as a future Andean Community member, it is subject to the rules of the Andean Community. Also, there is the possibility of extending the term from domestic laws in its country of origin.

Applied works

Decision 486 rules add protection to the applied works.

• Industrial design and utility models are considered applied arts, the term of protection is 10 years from the request in the member country.^{[2000 Article 84 and 128]}
• Integrated circuits is considered as an applied art, the term of protection is 10 years from the request in the member country or 15 years before creation.^{[2000 Article 86 and 97]}
• The following are not considered as applied art: mathematical methods, literary and artistic works, computer programs and methods of intellectual activities.^{[2000 Article 15]}
• File 317-IP-2019 determines the limits to obtain an intellectual property in applied works, a real example was the originality that would receive a bottle with some aspects that were determined to be part of an artistic work.

De minimis

• "The limitations and exceptions to copyright established in the domestic legislation will be circumscribed to cases which do not conflict with the normal exploitation of the works nor resulting unjustified prejudice to legitimate interests of the owner or owners of the rights".^{[1993 Article 21]}
• File 139-IP-2003 establishes as "subtly plagiarized work" ("obra maquillada") for intentions to transform or partially reproduce the work from other work with the purpose of exploiting it.
• File 248-IP-2014 defines that to approximate "de minimis" the copyrighted work must fit the concept of "accessory". In other words, it should not be the focus of contained work for avoid plagiarism charges.

Not protected

• The ideas contained in literary and artistic works, the ideological or technical content of scientific works, and their industrial or commercial exploitation are not subject to protection.^{[1993 Article 7]}

Panoramafreiheit

Default is OK, unless a stricter standard was set by a member state. Decision 351 of the Andean Community of Nations provides for Freedom of panorama as follows:

• "Article 22.- Without prejudice to that put forth in the Chapter 5 and in the previous article, it will be legal to realize, without authorization from the author and without the payment of any remuneration, the following acts:...h) undertake the reproduction, transmission by broadcasting or cable distribution to the public of the image of an architectural work, work of fine art, photographic work or work of applied art located permanently in a place open to the public".^{[1993 Article 22(h)]}
• File 044-IP-2013 is an example of the commercial use of a property broadcast in a mass media, requiring explicit mention of its author and its publication is for "good commercial practice" (quoted as "buena fe comercial"). Otherwise, as its unlawful appropriation, this is considered as lucrative exploitation.
• A crucial passage at the last paragraph (P.39 Noveno) of the said ruling reads "Se advierte que las anteriores previsiones consagradas en la norma comunitaria, al ser tan generales en materia de procedimiento, dejan abierto un gran margen para que el ordenamiento interno de los Países Miembros regule los procedimientos y procesos con base en la norma comunitaria, de conformidad con el principio de complemento indispensable." Translated as: "It is noted that the previous provisions enshrined in the community standard, being so general in terms of procedure, leave open a great margin for the internal regulations of the Member Countries to regulate the procedures and processes based on the community standard, in accordance with the principle of indispensable complement." Interpreting from this, this means the FoP exception of the Decision 351 is binding in all member states, but the member states have the right to regulate or restrict the exception as being applied to them.

Schöpfungshöhe

The Andean Court established in files about Threshold of originality based on the representation or subjectivity of their author's elements, as follows:

• 295-IP-2019: "The protection of a copyright does not depend on the merit of the work or its purpose, nor on the complexity of the intellectual work or the production process, it depends on whether it possesses elements that demonstrate a sensible difference from its author, that individualizes their representativeness or subjectivity".
• 10-IP-1999: "Originality in compilations or databases does not consist in the 'expression' of the works or other elements collected, but in the 'selection' or 'arrangement' of the subject matter of the compilation".
• 248-IP-2015: This file establishes the criteria for industrial design based on distinctive features such as the "convergence of lines, combination of colors and external shapes in two or three dimensions" to obtain an "aesthetic purpose". This criteria applies only to utilitarian objects. Also quoted in file 392-IP-2017.
• 358-IP-2017: "Originality implies that a work can be differentiated from other works of others. In their creation the author has imprinted elements of their own spirit. Two works may be considered original if one is not a reproduction of the other, and if each has elements that differentiate or individualize them".
• 713-IP-2018: "If the editorial design is the mere execution of the express and direct instructions, orders or directives of their contractor [...] it is difficult to affirm that the editorial design is an original work of their contractor". In this case it can only be protected if there is a creative process.
• 121-IP-2013: "[In the works] the intellectual, artistic, technical, technological or scientific merit or height shall not be taken into account. [...] The same happens if a drawing or painting is made with a lack of plastic technique; originality is not granted by the artistic quality or the adequate use of the technique, it is obtained by being a reflection of the spirit of that human being who captured the strokes on the canvas or paper. This criterion is applied in architectural works cited in this IP.

For photographic and audiovisual works:

• 143-IP-2017: "A simple photograph that does not meet the requirement of originality cannot be considered a photographic work and is consequently not protected by copyright". An example of simple photographs is a simple portrait or taken in automatic booths.
• 531-IP-2019: In the case of audiovisual creations, the originality of a work established for cinematography and its analogs with or without sound from collaborations of artists and utility personnel. In addition, artistic contributions may be exploited separately, subject to prior agreement with the production company. But videorecording, for example, does not constitute an audiovisual work and does not have full protection of economic rights.
• 371-IP-2017: This file establishes a particular case for related rights in broadcasting and production from non-individual multimedia works, "while related rights are not strictly considered artistic, literary or scientific creations, they contain sufficient creativity, technical dimension and disposition to qualify for the granting of an intellectual property right".

Beispiele:

• The logo for Lost Enterprises, which incorporated a stylized design of the planet Saturn was created and copyrighted in US (VAU586282), but was ruled below TOO in AC countries per 177-IP-2016 point 6.1 and Casación 1592 by Tribunal of Justice of Peru.

Siehe auch

• Andean Community
• COM:CRT/Bolivien
• COM:CRT/Kolumbien
• COM:CRT/Ecuador
• COM:CRT/Peru

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:European Union

Europäische Union

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

"COM:EU" redirects here. For das eingestellte Programm für erweiterte Hochlader, see Commons:Erweiterte Hochlader.

Urheberrechtsregeln: Europäische Union Kürzel: COM:EUROPÄISCHE UNION
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 70 Jahre
Andere
Abkommen
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	14. März 2010

Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick über die urheberrechtlichen Regelungen in der Europäischen Union, welche im Zusammenhang mit hochgeladenen Werken auf Wikimedia Commons stehen. Bitte beachte, dass alle Werke aus der Europäischen Union entweder gemeinfrei sein, oder unter einer freien Lizenz stehen müssen. Dies muss gleichermaßen für das Herkunftsland als auch für das Gebiet der Vereinigten Staaten gelten, damit diese Werke auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden dürfen. Sollten irgendwelche Zweifel über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werks aus der EU bestehen, kontaktiere bitte einen Rechtsanwalt zur Klärung.

Hintergrund

Die Europäische Union (EU) ist eine politische und wirtschaftliche Gemeinschaft von Staaten, die hauptsächlich in Europa liegen. Die EU hat einen Binnenmarkt mittels harmonisierter Regelungen geschaffen, welche in allen Mitgliedsländern gelten, die diesen Regelungen zugestimmt haben. Eine Währungsgemeinschaft wurde 1999 errichtet und wurde 2002 vollendet, als 19 Mitgliedsstaaten den Euro als Währung einführten.

Die Urheberrechtsrichtlinie (offiziell: Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society) ist eine Richtlinie der Europäischen Union um die WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag zu erfüllen und die urheberrechtlichen Regelungen in Europa zu vereinheitlichen, wie beispielsweise Ausnahmeregelungen. Die Europäische Union ist dem WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag zum 14. März 2010 beigetreten.

Mitglieder der EU sind:

• Österreich
• Belgien
• Bulgarien
• Kroatien
• Zypern
• Tschechien
• Dänemark
• Estland
• Finnland
• Frankreich
• Deutschland
• Griechenland
• Ungarn
• Irland
• Italien
• Lettland
• Litauen
• Luxemburg
• Malta
• Niederlande
• Polen
• Portugal
• Rumänien
• Slowakei
• Slowenien
• Spanien
• Schweden

Über das normale Urheberrecht hinausgehend existieren einige Rechte, die ebenfalls zur Anwendung kommen können:

• Das Veröffentlichungsrecht gilt für die Dauer von 25 Jahren ab der Erstveröffentlichung eines bisher unveröffentlichten Werks, dessen Urheberrecht abgelaufen ist. Der Verlag erhält exklusive urheberrechtliche Rechte an dem Werk.
• Das Datenbankrecht ist ein exklusives Recht auf einige Aspekte der Vervielfältigung eines wesentlichen Teils von Bestandteilen einer Gesamtausgabe, das 15 Jahre lang gültig ist, aber neue Versionen der Sammlung sind ebenfalls 15 Jahre lang geschützt.

Lizenzvorlagen

Die folgenden Vorlagen gelten für alle Werke, welche in einem Land veröffentlicht wurden, die die harmonisierten Regelungen der EU-Urheberrechtsrichtlinie entsprechen.

• {{PD-old-70}} – für gemeinfreie Werke, deren urheberrechtlicher Schutz abgelaufen ist. Nur in den Ländern, wo für die Gemeinfreiheit 70 Jahre nach Tod des Urhebers gilt.
• {{PD-anon-70-EU}} - für bewusst anonym veröffentlichte Werke in der EU, welche älter als 70 Jahre sind.
• {{PD-EU-no author disclosure}} – anonyme Werke, welche vor mehr als 70 Jahren im Gebiet der heutigen Europäischen Union veröffentlicht wurden, in denen es keine öffentliche Bekennung des Urhebers zu seinem Werk noch einer Zuschreibung der Urheberschaft in den 70 Jahren nach der Erstveröffentlichung gab.
• {{PD-EEA}} – Bilder der Webseite der Europäischen Umweltagentur (European Environment Agency), da diese gemeinfrei sind (sofern nicht anders angegeben).
• {{Attribution-Eur-Lex}} – für Rechtsnormen der Europäuischen Union, wenn dies im EUR-Lex veröffentlicht wurden
• {{Attribution-Eurostat}} – für Werke der Europäischen Statistik-Agentur, Eurostat.
• {{PD-European-Commission}} – für von der Kommission erstellte Arbeiten ohne besondere Einschränkungen; Arbeiten auf ec.europa.eu oder seinem Portal sind CC-BY-4.0.
  • {{EC-Audiovisual Centre}} – für Werke des Centre der Europäischen Kommission.

Einzelne Mitgliedsländer der EU haben länderspezifische Lizenzvorlagenbausteine.

Währung

Euro-Banknoten

OK. Unter Bedingungen. Mit {{Money-EU}} zu kennzeichnen. Die Bedingungen für die Wiedergabe von Euro-Banknoten sind im Official Journal of the European Union, L078 vom 25. März 2003 veröffentlicht. Zusammenfassend sind Euro-Banknoten durch die Europäische Zentralbank urheberrechtlich geschützt. Folgende Bedingungen gelten für die einseitige Wiedergabe (z. B. als Bild auf einer Internetseite):

• Die Größe der wiedergegebenen Euro-Banknote muss größer als 125% oder kleiner als 75% von jeweils Länge und Breite der Banknote sein.
• Wiedergaben von Teilen einer Seite der Banknote muss kleiner als ein Drittel der original Seitenlänge sein.
• Auf nichtkörperlichen Wiedergaben (z. B. Webseiten) muss das Wort SPECIMEN diagonal über das Bild in der Schriftart Arial oder ähnlichem gedruckt werden, und zwar in einer nicht transparenten Farbe, die im Kontrast zur dominanten Farbe der Note steht. Die Länge des Wortes muss mindestens 75% der Länge der wiedergegebenen Banknote betragen, die Höhe des Wortes muss mindestens 15% der Breite der Wiedergabe betragen. Die Auflösung des Bildes darf 72 Punkte pro Zoll (dpi) nicht überschreiten.

Euro-Münzen

OK. Die Gemeinschaftsseite, unter Bedingungen. Das Urheberrecht der Gemeinschaftsseite liegt bei der Europäischen Kommission. Diese hat festgelegt, dass eine Wiedergabe in einem relieflosen Format (2D, z. B. Bilder, Fotos) erlaubt sind, sofern das Ansehen des Euros damit nicht geschadet wird. Ein Löschantrag wurde 2010 gestellt (Commons:Deletion requests/Template:Euro coin common face 2), trotz einer Behaltensentscheidung wurden die Dateien gelöscht. Nach dem Wiederherstellungsantrag wurden sie wiederhergestellt.

„Die Wiedergabe der Gemeinschaftsseite einer Euro-Münze oder Teile dessen ist ohne Rückgriff auf die Vervielfältigungsform in folgenden Fällen gestattet … für Fotografien, Bilder, Gemälde, Videos, sofern diese grundsätzlich flach (ohne Relief) geschehen und diese originalgetreu wiedergeben, sowie das Ansehen des Euros nicht beeinträchtigen oder beschädigen.“

 Nicht OK. Die länderspezifische Seite ist nicht immer erlaubt. Der urheberrechtliche Schutz der länderspezifischen Seite der Euromünzen wird von den jeweiligen Mitgliedsländern mit ihren nationalen Rechtssystemen bestimmt. In einigen Ländern sind die länderspezifischen Seiten der Münzen daher urheberrechtlich geschützt. Für weitere Informationen siehe 'Copyright of the national sides of euro circulation coins (ec.Europa.eu: XLSX-Datei).

Beiwerksregelung

Die Urheberrechtsrichtlinie („RICHTLINIE 2001/29/EG DES EUROPÄISCHEN PARLAMENTS UND DES RATES vom 22. Mai 2001 zur Harmonisierung bestimmter Aspekte des Urheberrechts und der verwandten Schutzrechte in der Informationsgesellschaft“) erlaubt für Beiwerksregelungen Ausnahmen in Art. 5 Absatz 3 Buchstabe i:

• Die Mitgliedstaaten können in den folgenden Fällen Ausnahmen oder Beschränkungen in Bezug auf die in den Artikeln 2 und 3 vorgesehenen Rechte vorsehen: (…) für die beiläufige Einbeziehung eines Werks oder sonstigen Schutzgegenstands in anderes Material.

Unter den allgemeinen Bedingungen des Artikels 5 Abschnitte 5:

• Die in den Absätzen 1, 2, 3 und 4 genannten Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen dürfen nur in bestimmten Sonderfällen angewandt werden, in denen die normale Verwertung des Werks oder des sonstigen Schutzgegenstands nicht beeinträchtigt wird und die berechtigten Interessen des Rechtsinhabers nicht ungebührlich verletzt werden.

Panoramafreiheit

Die Richtlinie des Europäischen Parlamentes zur Harmonisierung des Urheberrechts 2001/29/EC besagt in Artikel 5 Abschnitt 3 Buchstabe 3, dass die nationalen Urheberrechte die Rechte für Skulpturen und Gebäude an öffentlichen Plätzen einschränken dürfen:

„Die Mitgliedstaaten können in den folgenden Fällen Ausnahmen oder Beschränkungen in Bezug auf die in den Artikeln 2 und 3 vorgesehenen Rechte vorsehen: (…) (h) für die Nutzung von Werken wie Werken der Baukunst oder Plastiken, die dazu angefertigt wurden, sich bleibend an öffentlichen Orten zu befinden“.

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Free City of Danzig

Freie Stadt Danzig

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Freie Stadt Danzig Kürzel: COM:Free City of Danzig
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-50}} {{Anonymous work}}
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	5. Dezember 1887

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of the Free City of Danzig relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in the Free City of Danzig must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Poland and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from the Free City of Danzig, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Hintergrund

The Free City of Danzig was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and surrounding areas primarily inhabited by Germans. The Free City was under League of Nations protection and in a binding customs union with Poland.

Allgemeine Regeln

German law as amended to 1910 was applicable.

• Copyright expired 50 years after death of the author
• For anonymous works, copyright expired 50 years after publication according to the Berne Convention.

Lizenzvorlagen

Die häufigsten anwendbaren Lizenzen dürften {{PD-old-70}} und für Anonyma {{Anonymous work}} (Schutzfrist 50 Jahre nach Berner Konvention) sein.

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

Text transcluded from
COM:Yugoslavia

Jugoslawien

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Yugoslavia Kürzel: COM:YUGOSLAVIA
Schutzfrist
Standard	Life + 50 years
Fotografie	Publish + 25 years
Angewandte Kunst	Publish + 25 years
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Yugoslavia}} {{PD-YugoslaviaGov}}
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	~
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	17 June 1930

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Yugoslavia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Yugoslavia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both the country of origin and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Yugoslavia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

History

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed in 1918 after World War I, originally name the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was dissolved in 1941 during World War II, but the Republic of Yugoslavia was formed in 1945 with much the same boundaries. Following the Yugoslav Wars that began in 1991 the country broke into Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia and Yugoslavia. This last was renamed the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, which broke up into Serbia and Montenegro in 2006. In 2008 Kosovo declared its independence of Serbia. The Republic of Macedonia became the Republic of North Macedonia in 2019. Successor states are thus:

From	Successor	Copyright rules
1991	Kroatien	COM:CRT/Kroatien
1991	Nordmazedonien	COM:CRT/Nordmazedonien
1991	Slowenien	COM:CRT/Slowenien
1992	Bosnien und Herzegowina	COM:CRT/Bosnien und Herzegowina
2006	Montenegro	COM:CRT/Montenegro
2006	Serbien	COM:CRT/Serbien
2008	Kosovo	COM:CRT/Kosovo

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia became a member of the Berne Convention effective 17 June 1930.

The successor states have passed their own copyright laws, but work originating in the former Yugoslavia that entered the public domain in Yugoslavia would be in the public domain in the successor states.

Standard rules

The Yugoslav Copyright Act of 1978 provided for a copyright term of the life of the author plus 50 years, and for 25 years after publication for a photograph or a work of applied art. A work would have entered the public domain under this act if it met one of the following criteria:

• A work of known authorship and the author died before 1974
• An anonymous work and it was published before 1974
• A photograph or a work of applied art published before 1999

A work first published in Yugoslavia would have been in the public domain before the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991 if it met one of the following criteria:

• A work of known authorship and the author died before January 1, 1941
• An anonymous work and it was published before January 1, 1941
• A photograph or a work of applied art published before January 1, 1966

However, The work would only be in the public domain in the successor state if it met the criteria defined in the law of that state (which could have reinstated copyright on some public domain works). Also, the work would only be in the public domain in the United States if

• It is now in the public domain under United States copyright terms and in the successor state, or
• It was in the public domain in the successor state on the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) date. This date would be 1 January 1996 for countries that were, on that date, members of either the Berne Convention, the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the WIPO Copyright Treaty.

Copyright tags

• {{PD-Yugoslavia}} – Generally 50 years after the author's death, with the exception of photographs or a works of applied art, respectively 25 years since published. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, there are different regulations for the successor states:
  • {{PD-Slovenia}},
  • {{PD-Croatia}},
  • {{PD-Bosnia and Herzegovina}},
  • {{PD-North Macedonia}},
  • {{PD-Montenegro}},
  • {{PD-Serbia}}.

• {{PD-YugoslaviaGov}} – The copyright was owned by the federal authorities of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, whose assets are now held jointly by its successor states:
  • {{PD-SloveneGov}}
  • {{PD-Croatia-exempt}}
  • {{PD-BH-exempt}}
  • {{PD-North Macedonia-exempt}}
  • {{PD-MNEGov}}
  • {{PD-SerbiaGov}}

For more information about Yugoslav copyright laws, see sh:Wikipedia:Autorska prava na području bivše Jugoslavije on the Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia.

Freedom of panorama

The Yugoslav Copyright Act of 1978 provided some form of freedom of panorama provision:

• It is allowed on the territory of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia without the permission of the author...^{[693/1978 Article 48]}

• reproduction of works of art exhibited on streets and squares, unless the reproduction of a sculptural work is obtained by printing from a mold.^{[693/1978 Article 48.4]}
• reproduction of sculptural and painting works and works of architecture by means of photography in newspapers and magazines, unless the author expressly forbids it.^{[693/1978 Article 48.5]}

The second succeeding paragraph after paragraph 5 of the article governed all exceptions under the article: "In all cases from paragraph 1 of this article, the name and surname of the author of the original work and the origin of the borrowing must be clearly indicated."

The freedom of panorama exception would only be applicable to photographs made during the Yugoslav era. Current photographs, including the uploaders' own photographs, are subject to the FoP rules of the successor states.

External links

• 1978 Yugoslav Copyright Act / Zakon o autorskom pravu (2016 archived copy)

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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Mandschukuo

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Mandschukuo Kürzel: COM:MANDSCHUKUO
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Gemeinschaftswerk	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}}
Abkommen

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Manchukuo relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Manchukuo must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both China and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Manchukuo, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Hintergrund

Manchukuo was founded in 1932 after Japanese troops occupied Northeast China and dissolved by the Soviet Union in 1945. China has always claimed Northeast China without recognizing Manchukuo.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Manchukuo}} – for collective and anonymous works from Manchukuo, which are now in the public domain in the People's Republic of China.
• {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}} – for stamps issued by the government of Manchukuo, which are now in the public domain in China.

Briefmarken

verwende {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}}.

Da die VR China stets den Nordosten beansprucht und Mandschuko nie anerkannt hat, endete jedes Urheberrecht an Briefmarken von Mandschuko spätestens am 1. Januar 1996, da China das "corporate copyright" auf 50 Jahre nach Veröffentlichung begrenzt und die einzelnen Grafiker nicht mehr festzustellen sind.

Siehe auch

• Manchukuo
• Category:Stamps of Manchukuo
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/China

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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Osmanisches Reich

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Osmanisches Reich Kürzel: COM:Ottoman Empire
Schutzfrist
Standard	30 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Ottoman}}
Abkommen

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of the Ottoman Empire relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in the Ottoman Empire must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both the country of origin and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from the Ottoman Empire, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Hintergrund

The Ottoman Empire, based in Turkey, once covered large parts of the Balkans, Greece, the Middle East and North Africa. It slowly declined during the 19th century, sided with Germany during World War I and was defeated.

The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire began with the Treaty of London (1915) and continued with multiple agreements among the Allies. The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was discussed during the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. The peace agreement, the Treaty of Sèvres, was eventually signed by the Ottoman Empire (not ratified) and the Allied administration.

States that were in part or whole within the Ottoman Empire in 1913 were Turkey, Armenia (soon part of the USSR), Iraq (British mandate), Syria and the Lebanon (French mandate), Palestine (British mandate), Jordan (British mandate), Hejaz (later part of Saudi Arabia) and Yemen.

Allgemeine Regeln

The Ottoman Empire was dissolved in 1923, therefore all works published there are currently in the public domain in the United States. The Ottoman Empire refused to recognize international copyright, so works published there are not protected by copyright internationally.

Ottoman official documents are also not protected since the divans (which comprised a large variety of legal documents) were in the public domain in the Empire.

The empire's copyright code also explicitly stated that legislation could not be copyrighted.

The Empire required that copyright formalities be met (copyright notice, registration, and deposit). The copyright term was 30 years after the death of the author, sometimes less.

Note that works in copyright when the Empire was dissolved may be subject to the copyright laws of successor countries. A precise date of publication must be provided, especially if the image was published circa 1920. Photographs claiming PD status on the basis of Ottoman origin must have been published in the Ottoman Empire, not merely taken there.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Ottoman}} – for works published in the Ottoman Empire, all of which are currently in the public domain.

Briefmarken

use {{PD-Ottoman}}.

Siehe auch

• Category:Ottoman Empire
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Türkei

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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Sowjetunion

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Sowjetunion Kürzel: COM:Soviet Union
Schutzfrist
Standard	25 Jahre p. m. a.
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-RusEmpire}} {{PD-RU-exempt}}
Abkommen
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	27. Mai 1973

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der ehemaligen Sowjetunion, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion sowohl im Ursprungsland als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werks aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Hintergrund

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or Soviet Union, was a state that spanned large parts of eastern Europe and northern Asia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. It succeeded the Russian Empire, and comprised 15 nominally independent republics.

Before 1 June 1973 the general term of protection was for the lifetime of the author plus 15 years after death. The Soviet Union joined the Universal Copyright Convention on 27 May 1973, and the term of protection was retroactively extended to life plus 25 years. This remained in effect until the USSR was dissolved.

Successor states

In 1991 the Soviet Union was dissolved. 12 of the republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and are the legal successors of the USSR. These are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The three Baltic republics, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania took the position that they had been occupied countries rather than members of the USSR, and chose not to join the CIS.

Works published in the former USSR should be in the public domain under the laws of the successor country of origin and the United States if they are to be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons.

Note: There was a discussion whether pre-1973 works from the Soviet Union are copyright-free, originating in the period of uncertainty after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It was concluded that this theory is incorrect; see discussions in Template talk:PD-Soviet.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-RusEmpire}} for works published before 1917
• {{PD-RU-exempt}} for works exempt from copyright

Währung

OK Former USSR currency is not copyrighted.

Please use {{PD-RU-exempt}} for images of Soviet (USSR) currency.

Panoramafreiheit

Most of the successor nations of the Soviet Union have identical provisions on freedom of panorama and restrict it to non-commercial uses only. Refer to the pages describing the copyright rules for each member state for current rules.

Briefmarken

verwende {{PD-RU-exempt|stamps}}

Since, according to intergovernmental and international treaties, Russian Federation is a legal successor to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the tag {{PD-RU-exempt}} (please see "Russia" above) also applies to images of postage stamps, stamped covers and stamped post cards (postal stationery) of the RSFSR and USSR.

Siehe auch

• Союз Советских Социалистических Республик
• Category:Stamps of the Soviet Union
• COM:CRT/Armenien
• COM:CRT/Aserbaidschan
• COM:CRT/Belarus
• COM:CRT/Estland
• COM:CRT/Georgien
• COM:CRT/Kasachstan
• COM:CRT/Kirgisistan
• COM:CRT/Lettland
• COM:CRT/Litauen
• COM:CRT/Moldau
• COM:CRT/Russland
• COM:CRT/Tadschikistan
• COM:CRT/Turkmenistan
• COM:CRT/Ukraine
• COM:CRT/Usbekistan

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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Tschechoslowakei

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Tschechoslowakei Kürzel: COM:TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI
Schutzfrist
Standard	50 Jahre p. m. a.
Fotografie	10 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung + 50 Jahre
Andere
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	22. Februar 1921
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	6. Januar 1960

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Czechoslovakia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Czechoslovakia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both the country of origin and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Czechoslovakia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Hintergrund

Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

Copyright rules were defined in the Act No. 35 of March 25, 1965 Concerning Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works (The Copyright Act), as modified and amended by the Act of March 28, 1990, No. 89 Coll. and by the Act of November 1, 1991 No. 468 Coll.

A work must be free in the successor state for it to be uploaded into Wikimedia commons. Act No. 35 was amended in the Czech Republic by the Act of December 8, 1993 No. 318 Coll. and by the Act of September 27, 1995, No. 237 Coll. In the Slovak Republic Act No. 35 was replaced by Act No.383 of 5 December 1997. Both countries have since enacted new copyright laws.

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Czechoslovakia-old}} Works that come into the public domain fifty years after the death of the author, except published photographs which come into the public domain ten years after the death of the author.
• {{PD-Czechoslovakia-anon}} works first published without a claim of authorship in Czechoslovakia come into the public domain fifty years after publication

Währung

OK. There is a legal succession of "Česká národní banka" (ČNB) for all precursor institutes ("Státní banka československá" (SBCS), "Národní banka Československá" until 1919). Therefore, {{Money-CZ}} can be applied for Czechoslovakian currency of former times and money of the first Slovakian Republic too.

Panoramafreiheit

The Czechoslovak copyright law (Act No. 35 of March 25, 1965 Concerning Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works) provided an adequate freedom of panorama at Section 15(2)(f): The author’s permission for the use of a work is not required and remuneration need not be paid by a person who...f) imitates a work of art, displayed in public premises, in another field of art, photographs of a thus displayed work of art may be reproduced and distributed also without the author’s permission.

The successor states Czech Republic and Slovakia also provide freedom of panorama; see Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Czech Republic#Freedom of panorama and Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Slovakia#Freedom of panorama for information.

Briefmarken

Postage stamps of Czechoslovakia (published in 1918-1939 and in 1945-1992) are copyrighted 70 years after the author's death by both authors: an engraver and a graphic artist. (see overview of artists) Stamps issued before 1922 are PD with exception of portrait of TGM and Dove. Between 1934-1939 are PD stamps engraved by Bohumil Heinz with some exceptions (non PD graphic artist).

Siehe auch

• Československo / Česko-Slovensko
• Category:Stamps of Czechoslovakia
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Tschechische Republik
• Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Slowakei

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss

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Vereinte Nationen

Andere Region, z.B. abhängiges Gebiet, zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenschluss, ehemaliger Staat

Urheberrechtsregeln: Vereinte Nationen Kürzel: COM:VEREINTE NATIONEN
Schutzfrist
Andere
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-US-no notice-UN}} {{PD-UN-doc}}
Abkommen
Welturheberrechtsabkommen	24. Juli 1971

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Urheberrechtsbestimmungen der Vereinten Nationen, die für das Hochladen von Werken auf Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das von den Vereinten Nationen stammt, in den Vereinten Nationen und in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werks solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Allgemeine Regeln

Laut shop.un.org ab 2019

• Permission is required to reuse content from any and all United Nations’ online platforms and databases (namely, legal and statistical databases).
• With regard to treaties and conventions, while each individual text is in the public domain, the online UN Treaty Collection is proprietary.
• Use and display of the United Nations emblem is highly restricted and essentially limited to the organization’s activities. You may not use any trademark, official mark, official emblem, flag or logo of the United Nations, or any of its other means of promotion or publicity, to represent or imply an association or affiliation with the United Nations without the United Nation’s prior written consent.
• UN photos cannot be altered, sold, redistributed or used to create derivative works.

Ehemalige Regeln

The United Nations' basic policy towards copyrighting as set forth in administrative instruction ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.1 of 26 March 1985 was not to seek copyright with the intention of thus facilitating dissemination as widely as possible of the ideas in United Nations publications. Under ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.2 of 17 September 1987, the United Nations would still not seek copyright for official records, documents and public information material, but did seek protection for all recurrent publications, studies or reports.

United States status

Under the Second Protocol of the Universal Copyright Convention (Paris text), protection under U.S. copyright law is expressly required for works published by the United Nations, by UN specialized agencies and by the Organization of American States.^{[17 USC Sec. 104 (b.5)]}

Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-US-no notice-UN}}: offizielle Dokumente der Vereinten Nationen, die in den Vereinigten Staaten vor dem 17. September 1987 veröffentlicht wurden.
• {{PD-UN-doc}}: Published by the United Nations without a copyright notice, was left in the public domain in order to disseminate "as widely as possible the ideas (contained) in the United Nations Publications". It falls into one of the following categories outlined in Administrative Instruction ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.2 (paragraph 2):
  • Official records (proceedings of conferences, verbatim and summary records, periodic supplements, compilations of resolutions, etc.)
  • United Nations documents issued with a UN document symbol
  • Public information material designed primarily to inform the public about United Nations activities (not including material that is offered for sale)
• {{PD-UN-map}}: Karten der United Nations.
• {{PD-LN}}: Offizielle Aufzeichnungen des Völkerbundes, die den Vereinten Nationen bei der Auflösung des Völkerbundes im Jahr 1946 übertragen wurden.

Siehe auch

• United Nations
• Category:Postage stamps of the United Nations

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss