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This page is a translated version of a page Commons:Video and the translation is 22% complete. Changes to the translation template, respectively the source language can be submitted through Commons:Video and have to be approved by a translation administrator.
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维基媒体認可并鼓励在共享资源上上传视频文件。就像图片一样，视频也必须获得自由授权。首选的视频格式是WebM容器中的VP9视频，但也允许使用ogv容器中的Theora视频和WebM容器中的VP8或AV1视频。有关转换为首选格式的帮助，请访问Help:Converting video。

維基百科: #Edit2014


视频的重要性

在共享資源上粗估有13.5萬个视频文件。

優良的视频范例：

  • 自然视频，像是某個风景或飓风的录制（例如 #1）
  • 野生动物视频，像是动物的行为（例如 #1）
  • 体育视频，像是演示特定规则或比赛方法（例如 #1）
  • 文化视频，像是某個舞蹈或音乐视频（例如 #1）
  • 建筑视频，像是某個建筑元素或建筑施工（例如 #1）
  • 活动视频，像是抗议、游行、会议或仪式
  • 科学视频，像是化学实验（例如#1）
  • 工具演示，展示工具的工作原理。（例如#1）
  • 将3D数据可视化，其中一个维度显示为时间（例如#1和#2）
  • 历史视频（例如#1和#2）

请查看维基视频项目的列表；维基媒体项目中的视频制作者有一个专门的讨论和支持邮件列表WikiVideo-l（歸檔）。您还可以加入WMF多媒体团队的邮件列表（歸檔）。

视频的格式

互联网上有多种视频文件格式，但使用最广泛的并非开放格式或免版税。 维基媒体使用三种格式：

这些格式是开放的且免版税的；详情请参见共享資源:檔案類型#影片。共享資源不支持更常用的专利侵权视频格式，如MP4和MOV文件中使用的H.264和H.265，因为使用这些格式可能需要支付版税。

上传视频

上传视频的过程与上传图片类似。首先，确保视频是获得了免费授权和在授权范围内。

然後您有两个选项：

  • Convert the video to the Theora or the WebM format, if it is not already in one of those formats. Start the UploadWizard and follow the instructions. Alternatively, you could make use of the chunked upload feature. Include appropriate topic categories. It will take some time to upload. Files can't be larger than 4 GiB. Theoretically, it is also possible to split the video into shorter parts and upload each part separately. The template {{Split file}} could be used to link the parts of files split in this way.
  • Use Video2commons. This is much easier than the method listed above but may take more time as you have to rely on third-party conversion.

Transcode

A transcode is a VP9 or WebM file with a smaller resolution, smaller file size, or lower bit rate than the original video, created to optimally serve one of our videos to web browsers by mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler. After each video is uploaded, that extension creates a "Transcode status" section on the video's file description page, which contains a link to "Update transcode status" (which will purge the page) and then a table which details the following statistics for each transcode: "Format" (sorted by video format (VP9 then WebM) and then by decreasing video resolution); "Bitrate" (in kbps or Mbps); "Download" (a link to download that particular transcode); "Actions" (a link to "Reset transcode" for that particular transcode, in case the transcoding failed); "Status" (what happened last to that transcode and when (UTC)); and "Encode time" (how long it took a backend server to finish the transcoding process, in seconds or minutes and seconds).

NB that at present new users are unable to upload video or audio files, because of frequent abuse of this related to Wikipedia Zero. See Special:AbuseFilter/180. (this is probably outdated?)

Trimming and cutting videos

For trimming videos these commands can be used:

  1. Install ffmpeg and run the below commands in the console. You need to adjust the timings and the file paths.
  2. ffmpeg -copyts -ss 00:00:23.000 -to 00:01:24.400 -i ./file.webm -c copy ./output.webm
  3. The above command will run through very quickly. Now check the video: if it trimmed at the right times, you're done but if not you need to use the command below which can take a while to run.
  4. ffmpeg -ss 00:00:23.000 -to 00:01:24.400 -i ./file.webm -c copy ./output.webm

We have a tool in the early stage of development here (currently dysfunctional). For extracting single images from videos, see Category:Still images from videos.

  • Video with a lightning - 11 seconds length
  • Just the lightning - 2 seconds length - edited by application of the trimming and cutting tool for videos

使用视频

Ogg Theora animation of a satellite in polar orbit.

嵌入视频

Creating a link that appears at first as a still image of a video and that plays the video after its play button is clicked is called “embedding a video”. The easiest way to embed a video directly into an article (or another page) is by using the same [[File:]] syntax as for image or sound files. The result is on the right. The video can be resized by adding a fixed size (like "|200px") or - preferable - the "|upright" parameter. In most cases you should stick to the default size. If it is higher than wide, use the pure "|upright".

[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|thumb |200px |New York City Time Lapse]]
[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|thumb |upright |New York City Time Lapse]]
[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|thumb |upright=2 |New York City Time Lapse]]

Setting a video thumbnail image

In case of Ogg Theora files, a keyframe from the midpoint of the video is used by default for the initial thumbnail image. To use a different keyframe, use the thumbtime parameter. For instance:

[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv |thumbtime=12 |thumb |200px |New York City timelapse]]

Either specify the time in seconds or use colons to separate hours, minutes and seconds. Separate a fraction of a second by a "." (dot). Only tenths (0.1, 0.2, etc.) of seconds work, currently.

  • Default still image
  • Still image at 12 seconds
  • Default still image
  • Still image at 7.8 seconds
Example of GIF animation.

There are two types of links to a video:

  • File – To create a link to the video's file description page,
    • use [[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]].
    • To make the text of a link to the video's file description page appear as some text other than the video's filename, use [[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]].
  • Media – To create a link that downloads the video,
    • use [[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]] or use [[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]].
    • To make the text of a link that downloads the video appear as some text other than the video's filename, use [[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]] or use [[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]].

Temporal media fragments

Allows embed code to reference a segment of the video stream or set a start time. Hover over the player to see start time listed as 5s, press play and notice it stops playback at 7 seconds.

Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds
[[File:Weeding.ogv|thumb|300px|start=5|end=7|Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds]]

This feature depends on an HTML5 video browser.

Note: For URLs used outside Wikimedia wikis, the start of a section can be linked to as https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikiCite_2020_The_frontend_of_WikiCite.webm?start=1:12:30 where the three colon-separated value represent hours, minutes and seconds respectively. Values in the format start=mm:ss and start=sss are also accepted.

Looped animation

In case of animated GIF files, the animation is played continuously in a loop. Animated GIFs are (currently) scaled down on server-side to the required thumb size if they do not exceed the 12.5 Megapixel limit. If they exceed it a still frame will be displayed.

Subtitles and closed captioning

How to create subtitles.
Main article: 共享資源：定時文本

To upload an already created subtitle file, open the file on your computer in a text editor (such as Notepad) and copy the text into a new page in the TimedText namespace that matches the filename of the video and the language code.

Keep in mind to paraphrase not spoken sounds and encompass them with rounded brackets. E.g. 

 1
 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:24,400
 (engine sound)

You can also import subtitles from YouTube or create a transcript using machine transcription so you only need to correct any flaws if there are any. This can also be used to translate transcripts.

Make sure there is {{Closed captions}} below the file description once the file has closed captions.

Playing videos

See also: 共享资源:媒体帮助

Playing video and sound embedded on Wikimedia sites requires no additional software in current desktop and mobile web browsers. On iOS a software decoder is used, which might make the video experience a bit slower than what you are used to on other websites.

You must install software to play video that you have downloaded to your computer. You can learn at 共享资源:媒体帮助 what software you need to play our media files. VLC multimedia player and SMPlayer (a GUI for MPlayer) are open-source and multi-platform.

Main article: 共享资源:许可协议

In addition to checking for video copyright, the audio must not contain copyrighted sounds. This includes any copyrighted songs that were added to the video. Ask questions regarding the copyright of the video at the Village pump.

Examples of videos that would not be allowed due to copyright:

  • Screen captures of software that is itself not under a free license. This includes the macOS and Windows operating system. However, screen captures of software under the GPL or a similar free software license are generally considered to be OK.
  • TV/DVD/Videogame/Music video clips and recordings, unless their copyright has expired.
  • Copyrighted symbols, logos, etc. (Not to be confused with trademarks.)
  • Models, masks, toys, and other objects which represent a copyrighted work, such as a cartoon or movie character. See 共享资源:衍生作品.
  • Video that contains copyrighted music. Remove the copyrighted audio from the video and try to replace it with free licensed music, then upload.
  • Videos of a presentation or lecture, unless the person(s) making the presentation has/have granted explicit permission to allow a video of their performance to be published under a Commons-compatible license via VRTS.

Examples of videos that would be OK to upload:

  • Nature videos (video taken at a National Park or of a bird in your backyard)
  • Videos from the United States government, such as from NASA.

Licenses for a video you have entirely created

Comparision of licenses
License Intended scope Copyleft Attribution Access control prohibition Worldwide applicability
Creative Commons Attribution Generic 不是 Copyright notice 是 National adaptations
Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Generic Normal Copyright notice 是 National adaptations
Free Art License Works of art Normal 是 是 Exact translations (French law)
FreeBSD Documentation License Documentation 不是 Copyright notice 是 Same license (English version)
GNU Free Documentation License Documentation Normal 是 是 Same license (English version)
GNU Lesser General Public License Software 糟 Copyright notice 是 Same license (English version)
GNU General Public License Software Strong Copyright notice 是 Same license (English version)
MIT License Software 不是 Copyright notice 是 Same license (English version)
Do What the Fuck You Want to Public License Generic 不是 不是 不是 Same license (English or French version)

Finding videos online

See also: Commons:Free media resources/Video

Several media resources contain video that is public domain or licensed under a free license. These can be converted and uploaded to Commons.

Requesting a video

Main article: Commons:Audio and video requests

Specific videos may be requested at Commons:Audio and video requests. Please search Commons to see if a similar video exists before making the request.

Maintenance tasks

See also

Video categories
English Wikipedia image syntax and video documentation
Video links in Wikipedia articles:

外部链接

Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:Video/zh&oldid=948228267"