Translations:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Consolidated list Southern Europe/2/zh

文本嵌入自
COM:Albania

阿爾巴尼亞

著作权法规： 阿尔巴尼亚 快捷方式: COM:阿尔巴尼亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世 + 70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
其他
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-Albania}} {{PD-Albania-exempt}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1994年3月6日
世界著作权公约	2004年2月4日
世界贸易组织成员	2000年9月8日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2005年8月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Albania relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Albania must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Albania and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from the Albania, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

Albania became an independent country in 1912 after the defeat of the Ottoman empire in the Balkan Wars.

Albania has been a member of the Berne Convention since 6 March 1994, the World Trade Organization since 8 September 2000 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 August 2005.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 35/2016 of March 31, 2016, on Copyright and Related Rights as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Albania. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

The law applies to works that had not yet entered the public domain under the terms of the 2016 law.^{[35/2016 Article 7]}

Wikimedia Commons holds the texts of the 1992, 2000 and 2001 laws related to copyright.

持续时间

Under Law No. 35/2016 of March 31, 2016, on Copyright and Related Rights,

• Except where otherwise provided in this article, work are protected during the author’s life and for for 70 years after his death.^{[35/2016 Article 41.1]}
• The property rights of a work of co-authorship are protected until the death of the last surviving author and for 70 years after his death.^{[35/2016 Article 41.3]}
• The property rights of co-authorship in a work of written music are protected running for 70 years of the death of the last surviving author, the author of the text, or the composer of the musical work, when their contribution has been specially created for the use of the musical work.^{[35/2016 Article 41.41]}

• Audiovisual works are protected for 70 years after the death of the co-authors.^{[35/2016 Article 41.5]}
• Anonymous or pseudonymous works where the author remains unknown are protected for 70 years from 1 January of year following the date the work is lawfully disclosed to the public. If the work is not lawfully disclosed to the public within 70 years from creation, copyright protection ceases to exist.^{[35/2016 Article 41.6]}

• Property rights in collections are protected for 70 years from the day of the lawful public disclosure of the work. Where the authors of works, contributions or other materials in a collection can be identified, the terms of paragraph 1 or 3 of this Article shall apply.^{[35/2016 Article 41.7]}

The terms of protection are calculated from 1 January of the following year of the author’s death, or where appropriate, of the first legal public disclosure of the work.^{[35/2016 Article 41.2]}

不适用于版权的作品

Under Law No. 35/2016 of March 31, 2016, on Copyright and Related Rights, the following are not protected by copyright: a. ideas, theories, concepts, discoveries and inventions of creative work, regardless of the method of interpretation, justification or expression; b. discoveries, official texts in the domain of legislation, administrative and judiciary and other official works and their collections, disclosed for the purpose of officially informing the public; c. official state symbols, symbols of organizations and public authorities, such as: the arms, the seal, the flag, the emblem, the medallion, the hallmark, the medal; ç. means of payment; d. news of the day and other news, having the character of mere items of press information; dh. Simple data and facts.^{[35/2016 Article 12.1]}

Folklore: not free

参见：共享资源:付费公有领域

Folklore literary and artistic creations in their original form shall not be the subject matter of copyright, but their communication to the public is subject to the payment of remuneration, as with the communication to the public of protected copyright works. The remuneration shall be used to promote and stimulate non-profit cultural and artistic works in the respective artistic and cultural domain in accordance with the rules of distribution of remuneration of collective management agencies for copyrights and other related rights.^{[35/2016 Article 12.2]}

版权标签

• {{PD-Albania}} – for works where the copyright has expired
• {{PD-Albania-exempt}} – for work not copyrightable under the copyright law of 2005.

货币

可以 {{PD-Albania-exempt}} Means of payment are not subject to copyright.^{[35/2016 Article 12.1ç]}

全景自由

可以 参阅{{FoP-Albania}}。

Under Law No. 35/2016 of March 31, 2016, on Copyright and Related Rights, Reproduction of works permanently found in public spaces: streets, squares, parks, rest areas and other open areas that are accessible to the public is allowed without the authorization and compensation from and towards the author or copyright holder. The works cannot be reproduced in three-dimensional form. With regard to reproduction of architectural structures, this applies only to the external appearance of the architectural structure. The source and authorship of such copies shall be indicated, when this is possible.^{[35/2016 Article 82]}

邮票

使用{{PD-Albania-exempt}}。

The Albanian Government regulation on postal stamps considers stamps as means of payment (General Provisions, Article 2: "Postal stamp is used to pay for postal services .."). Means of payment are exempt from copyright, see Not protected section above.

参见

• Shqipëria
• Category:Albanian FOP cases
• Category:Stamps of Albania
• Wikisource:Category:Laws of Albania on Copyright

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Andorra

安道尔

著作权法规： 安道尔 快捷方式: COM:安道尔
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世+70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
其他
截至年底	是
协议
伯尔尼公约	2004年6月2日
世界著作权公约	1955年9月16日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2004年6月2日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Andorra relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Andorra must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Andorra and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Andorra, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

Andorra has been a member of the Universal Copyright Convention since 16 September 1955 and the Berne Convention since 2 June 2004.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the 1999 Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Andorra. WIPO holds the English and Catalan text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

The 1999 Copyright law of Andorra states that,

• Except as stated below, economic and moral rights are protected during the life of the author and for 70 years after his death.^{[1999 Art. 18(1)]}
• With a work of joint authorship, the rights are protected during the life of the last surviving author and for 70 years after his death.^{[1999 Art. 18(2)]}

• With a collective work, the rights are protected for 70 years from the date on which the work was first lawfully made available to the public or, failing such an event within 70 years from the making of the work, from its making. In the event that a collective work subsequently is published with indication of the names of the persons who created the work, the provisions of paragraph 1) and 2) of this article shall apply.^{[1999 Art. 18(3)]}
• With an audiovisual work, the rights are protected during the life of the following persons and for 70 years after the death of the last of them to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.^{[1999 Art. 18(4)]}

• With a work published anonymously or under a pseudonym, the rights are protected for 70 years from the date on which the work was first lawfully made available to the public, provided that, where the pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his identity, or, before the expiration of the said period, the author’s identity is revealed or is no longer in doubt, the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) shall apply, as the case may be.^{[1999 Art. 18(5)]}

• Provisions of paragraph 3 shall apply, mutatis mutandis in cases where, under this law, a legal entity is considered to be the author. Provided that if the natural persons who have created the work are identified as such in the versions of the work which are made available to the public, the provisions of paragraph 1) and 2) of this article shall apply.^{[1999 Art. 18(6)]}
• Every period provided for in this Article is calculated from 1 January of the year following the event which gives rise to them.^{[1999 Art. 18(8)]}

不受保护

• Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to any idea, procedure, system, method of operation, concept, principle, discovery or mere data, even if expressed, described, explained, illustrated or embodied in a work.^{[1999 Art. 4(1)]}
• No protection shall extend under this law to any official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, as well as any official translation thereof.^{[1999 Art. 4(2)]}

全景自由

 不可以 Andorra's 1999 copyright law includes buildings and sculptures and fine arts works among the works subject to rights of copyright.^{[1999 Art. 2]} There is no "freedom of panorama" exception.^{[1999 Art. 11]}

Note: "Copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the original author (who is defined as the creator or designer) here. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 71st Year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, buildings, bridges or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for states with no formal FOP since the author's works are now copyright free."

参见

• Category:Andorran FOP cases

引用

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文本嵌入自
COM:Bosnia and Herzegovina

波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那

著作权法规： 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 快捷方式: COM:BiH
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
其他
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-BH-exempt}} {{PD-Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1992年3月3日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2009年11月25日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Bosnia and Herzegovina relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Bosnia and Herzegovina must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Bosnia and Herzegovina, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Following World War I, Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 1 December 1918. After World War II it was part of the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina became an independent state on 3 March 1992.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has been a member of the Berne Convention since 3 March 1992 by virtue of succession from the former Yugoslavia. The declaration of succession was deposited on 2 June 1993. Bosnia and Herzegovina acceded to the WIPO Copyright Treaty on 25 November 2009.

The Yugoslav Copyright Act of 1978 applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina until it was replaced by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina of 2002. The 2002 Act was retroactive: "The Copyright Law (Official Gazette of the SFRY Nos. 19/78, 24/86 and 21/90), as well as legal regulations of the Entities regulating this matter which are incongruent to this Law, shall cease to be effective after this Law enters into force."^{[2002 Art 140]}

The 2002 Law was replaced by the 'Copyright and Related Rights Law and the Law on the Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights in Bosnia of 2010. As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the 2010 Law on Copyright and Related Rights as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Bosnia and Herzegovina. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

The Yugoslav Copyright Act of 1978 provided for copyright term of the life of the author plus 50 years, and for 25 years after publication for a photograph or a work of applied art. A work published in Bosnia and Herzegovina would have entered the public domain under this act, before the new copyright act of 2002 took force, if it met one of the following criteria:

• A work of known authorship and the author died before January 1, 1952
• An anonymous work and it was published before January 1, 1952
• A photograph or a work of applied art published before January 1, 1977

Under the 2002 Copyright Act,

• Authors' property rights continued during the author's life and 70 years after his/her death.^{[2002 Art 84(1)]}
• If authors' rights belonged jointly to co-authors the 70 years term was counted from the death of the last deceased co-author.^{[2002 Art 84(2)]}
• Author's rights on an anonymous or pseudonymous work continued for 70 years as of the lawful publication of the work if the identity of the author was nt revealed.^{[2002 Art 84(3)]}

• If the holder of the author's property right was a legal entity, copyright ceased to exist after 70 years from publication of the work.^{[2002 Art 84(4)]}
• The above terms ran as of January 1 of the year immediately following the year of the author’s death or the year in which the work was published.^{[2002 Art 84(5)]}

Under the 2010 Law on Copyright and Related Rights,

• Copyright runs for the life of its author and for 70 years after his death, unless otherwise provided.^{[2010 Article 55]}
• If copyright is jointly owned by co-authors, the term is calculated from the death of the last surviving co-author.^{[2010 Article 56]}
• The copyright on an anonymous or pseudonymous work runs for 70 years from the day of the lawful disclosure of the work if the author remains unknown.^{[2010 Article 57]}

• Copyright on collective works runs for 70 years from the day of the lawful disclosure thereof.^{[2010 Article 58]}
• All the terms under this Chapter, with the exception of cases where the author withdraws, are calculated from January 1 of the year following the year in which the event as of which the commencement of a term is calculated occurred.^{[2010 Article 62]}

传统规则

• Works of authors who died in 1945 or earlier are public domain both in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the United States.
• Works of authors who died in 1946–51 are public domain in Bosnia and Herzegovina but copyrighted in the United States, since the URAA date for Bosnia and Herzegovina is 1 January 1996.
• Works of authors who died in 1952 or later are copyrighted in both countries.

• An exception applies to photographic and similarly-made works, and the works of applied art.
  • There are considered free in the United States if published before 1 January 1971. The copyright on these works lasted for 25 years since publication per the 1978 Yugoslav copyright act.

• • They are public domain in Bosnia and Herzegovina if published before 1 January 1977, but are again copyrighted in the United States if published on 1 January 1971 or later.
• The publication right applies for all works published for the first time on 11 August 2010 or later, even if the copyright has already expired. It lasts for 25 years starting 1 January of the year following the year of the publication.

不受保护的创作作品

There is no copyright protection for: ideas, concepts, procedures, work methods, mathematical operations; official texts in the domain of legislation, administration and judiciary (laws, regulations, decisions, reports, minutes, judgments and alike); political speeches and speeches made at court hearings; daily news or miscellaneous information having the character of mere items of press information; folk literary and artistic creations.^{[2010 Article 8]}

版权标签

• {{PD-BH-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright under Bosnia and Herzegovina law (“ideas, plans, …, official texts, …, professional reports, …” – see license template for details)

货币

 不可以. Banknotes and coins of the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina can only be reproduced with the express permission of the Bank, as defined by the law «Official Gazette of BiH» 1/97, Chapter 5, Article 47.

全景自由

 不可以 The 2010 law on copyright and related rights allows only non-commercial reproduction of works in public places:

• The free use of the works permanently located in squares, parks, streets or other places accessible by the public shall be permitted.^{[2010 Article 52(1)]}
• The works referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall not be reproduced in three-dimensional form, used for the same purpose as the original work or used for gaining economic advantage.^{[2010 Article 52(2)]}

• In the case of the use referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article, the source and authorship must be indicated if they are indicated on the work used.^{[2010 Article 52(3)]}

The Bosnia and Herzegovina copyright law is based on the copyright law from Croatia but this article subtly differs from it, adding restrictions for commercial use.

Non-commercial license is forbidden on Wikimedia Commons as per Commons:Licensing#Forbidden licenses. See also a related discussion at Commons talk:Freedom of panorama/Archive 17#Bosnian Authorship Law and its Article 52.

参见

• Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина
• Category:Bosnia and Herzegovinian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/南斯拉夫

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Croatia

克羅地亞

This requires updating. In doing so, you could add a timestamp to the .

Please notify the uploader with {{subst:update-note|1=Translations:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Consolidated list Southern Europe/2/zh}} ~~~~

著作权法规： 克罗地亚 快捷方式: COM:克罗地亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世+70年
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Croatia-exempt}} {{PD-Croatia}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1991年10月8日
世界贸易组织成员	2000年11月30日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Croatia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Croatia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Croatia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Croatia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Croatia was part of Austria-Hungary for many years, then from 1918 became part of the newly-formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. Croatia became independent of Yugoslavia on 8 October 1991.

Croatia has been a member of the Berne Convention since independence on 8 October 1991 by virtue of succession from the former Yugoslavia. Notification of succession was given on 28 July 1992. Croatia has belonged to the World Trade Organization since 30 November 2000 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright and Related Rights Act and Acts on Amendments to the Copyright and Related Rights Act (OG Nos. 167/2003, 79/2007, 80/2011, 141/2013 and 127/2014) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Croatia. WIPO holds the text of these acts in their WIPO Lex database. Note that the text is not consolidated, but provides the text of the original 2003 act followed by the text of each of the amending acts.

The 2003 Act replaced the 1991 Copyright Act. This in turn replaced the 1978 Yugoslav Copyright Act.

一般规则

Based on the Copyright and Related Rights Act amended up to 127/2014,

• Copyright shall run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, irrespective of the date when the work is lawfully released, unless otherwise provided by this Act.^{[127/2014 Article 99]}
• If the co-authors ... are the holders of joint copyright in the created work, the term referred to in Article 99 of this Act shall be calculated from the death of last surviving co-author.^{[127/2014 Article 100(1)]}

• For audiovisual works, the term referred to in Article 99 of this Act shall be calculated from the death of the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screen play, the author of the dialogue, and the composer of music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.^{[127/2014 Article 100(2)]}
• Copyright in anonymous works shall run for 70 years after the work has been lawfully disclosed. If the author discloses his identity during such period, the term of protection set out in Article 99 of this Act shall apply.^{[127/2014 Article 101]}

• Copyright in pseudonymous works shall run for 70 years after the work is lawfully disclosed. Where a pseudonym leaves no doubt as to the identity of the author, the term of protection set out in Article 99 of this Act shall apply.^{[127/2014 Article 102]}
• Where the term of protection is not calculated from the death of the author, and where the work has not been lawfully disclosed, the copyright shall expire upon the expiration of a period of 70 years from the creation of the work.^{[127/2014 Article 104]}
• Terms of copyright laid down in this Act shall be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the year in which the relevant event has occurred.^{[127/2014 Article 105]}

曾经的期限

A Croatian work is in the public domain under the Yugoslav Copyright Act of 1978 and the succeeding Croatian Copyright Act of 1991 if it entered the public domain on or before 27 July 1999, when the law was changed. These acts provided for a copyright term of the life of the author plus fifty years, or of 25 years for a photograph or a work of applied art. The work must meet one of the following criteria:

• It is a work of known authorship and the author died before 1 January 1949
• Is an anonymous work published before 1 January 1949
• It is a photograph or a work of applied art published before 1 January 1974. However, such a work will not be in the public domain in the United States if published after 1970.

来自版权的豁免

Based on the Copyright and Related Rights Act amended up to 127/2014,

• The subject matter of copyright shall include expressions and not ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such.^{[127/2014 Article 8(1)]}
• The subject matter of copyright shall not include:
  • discoveries, official texts in the domain of legislation, administration, judiciary (acts, regulations, decisions, reports, minutes, judgments, standards, and the like) and other official works and their collections, disclosed for the purpose of officially informing the public;^{[127/2014 Article 8(2.1)]}
  • news of the day and other news, having the character of mere items of press information;^{[127/2014 Article 8(2.2)]}

• Folk literary and artistic creations in their original form shall not be the subject matter of copyright, but their communication to the public is subject to the payment of remuneration, as for the communication to the public of protected copyright works. The remuneration shall be the revenue of the budget, and shall be used for improving the creativity in the field concerned.^{[127/2014 Article 8(3)]}
• Translations of official texts in the domain of legislation, administration and judiciary, shall be protected, unless made for the purpose of officially informing the public and are disclosed as such.^{[127/2014 Article 6(2)]}

版权标签

• {{PD-Croatia-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright under the Croatian law.
• {{PD-Croatia}} – for works whose author died before 1949 or published before 1949 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 1999).

货币

 不可以. The Croatian National Bank is the holder of all proprietary rights and copyrights on kuna banknotes and kuna and lipa coins, and their reproduction is subject to prior approval of the Croatian National Bank. See: Article 24 of the Act on the Croatian National Bank, Official Gazette 75/2007.

 Unsure Croatia has entered the Eurozone on 1. January 2023. Images of the national side of a Croatian euro coin may be shared under specific restrictions. Please see {{Croatian euro coin}}.

全景自由

可以. {{FoP-Croatia}}; in regard to architecture, for the exteriors only.

The Copyright and Related Rights Act amended up to 111/2021 allows 2D reproductions of permanently publicly displayed works, i. e. the full Freedom of Panorama:

• It shall be permitted, without the right holder’s authorisation and without payment of remuneration, to reproduce, except in a three-dimensional form, the copyright works, which are permanently located on streets, squares, parks or other places available to the public, and to distribute and communicate to the public such reproductions.^{[111/2021 Article 204(1)]}
• The limitation referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall apply only in respect of the outer appearance of an architectural structure.^{[111/2021 Article 204(2)]}

參見

• Croatia
• Category:Croatian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Croatia
• Category:Stamps of Croatia
• Category:Stamps of Fiume

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Gibraltar

直布羅陀

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

著作权法规： 直布罗陀 快捷方式: COM:直布罗陀
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	创作或发表年份+70年
其他
截至年底	是
协议
伯尔尼公约	1887年12月5日
世界著作权公约	1957年9月27日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2010年3月14日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本页提供直布罗陀版权法规的概况，用以辅助向维基共享资源上传作品。请注意，任何原来在直布罗陀当地发表的作品，必须在直布罗陀和美国同时处于公有领域或是以自由授权协议发布，才能够上传至维基共享资源。如果您对于在直布罗陀发表的任何一个作品的著作权有疑虑，请参考下列对应的法规来进行厘清。

背景

在1704年英荷联军从西班牙夺取了直布罗陀。根据1713年乌特勒支条约，该地区永久并入英国。直布罗陀是在伊比利亚半岛南端的英属海外领地。

相關版權法為“LN”。2005/078版權所有（直布羅陀）2005年訂單。根據“2005年版權（直布羅陀）法令”，英國1988年版權、設計和專利法的規定適用於直布羅陀，但有些例外情況和措辭變化似乎不會影響版權條款。 1988年法案的最新版本可在legacy.gov.uk上找到。

直布羅陀政府的“2005年知識產權（版權及相關權）法案”（2005年第22號法案）在2020年之前進行了修訂，實施了2005年版權（直布羅陀）令定義的變更。 這是源自直布羅陀的作品的適用法律。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国#TAG

货币

 不可以《犯罪法》（2011年第23號法案）第447(1)和448(1)條規定，未經有關當局事先許可，複製紙幣和受保護硬幣（包括直布羅陀英鎊硬幣）為犯罪行為.

全景自由

• 可以用於建築物、雕塑、建築物模型和藝術工藝作品，“如果永久位於公共場所或向公眾開放的場所。”
•  不可以用於其他類型的藝術作品（例如公共壁畫、不在公共場所的雕塑，或不打算在公共場所永久展示的模型）。

直布羅陀的全景自由見第77(1-3)節“公開展示某些藝術作品的展示”。

直布羅陀法律以英國法律為藍本，在沒有任何具體判例法的情況下，可以合理地假設全景規則的自由將是相似的。查看COM:FOP United Kingdom了解更多詳情。

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国#邮票

参见

• Gibraltar
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英属海外领地
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Greece

希腊

著作权法规： 希腊 快捷方式: COM:希腊
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世 + 70年
其他
全景自由	否
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-GreekGov}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1920年11月9日
世界著作权公约	1963年8月24日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2010年3月14日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Greece relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Greece must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Greece and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Greece, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

Greece has been a member of the Berne Convention since 9 November 1920, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 14 March 2010.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 2121/1993 on Copyright, Related rights and Cultural Matters (as amended up to Law No. 4531/2018) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Greece. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

Duration of copyright protection

Under Law No. 2121/1993 as amended up to Law No. 4531/2018,

• Copyright lasts for the author’s life and for 70 years after his death, calculated from 1 January of the year after the author’s death.^{[2121/2018 Article 29(1)]}
• Copyright for works of joint authorship lasts for the life of the last surviving author and 70 years after his death, calculated from 1 January of the year after the death of the last surviving author.^{[2121/2018 Article 30(1)]}

• Copyright for musical compositions with words where the music and lyrics are created specifically for the composition is the same as for works of joint authorship.^{[2121/2018 Article 30(2)]}
• Copyright for anonymous and pseudonymous works lasts 70 years from 1 January of the year after the year when it was made lawfully accessible to the public, as long as the author is not identified in that period.^{[2121/2018 Article 31(1)]}

• The term of protection of audiovisual works expires 70 years after the death of the last survivor of the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.^{[2121/2018 Article 31(3)]}
• After expiry of the period of copyright protection, the State, represented by the Minister of Culture, may exercise the rights relating to the acknowledgment of the author’s paternity and the rights relating to the protection of the integrity of the work deriving from the moral rights.^{[2121/2018 Article 29(2)]} This clause may prevent the creation of certain types of derivative work, even after the copyright has expired, as the State has the right to prohibit any distortion, mutilation or other modification of the original work.

• Any person who, after the expiry of copyright protection, for the first time lawfully publishes or lawfully communicates to the public a previously unpublished work, shall benefit from a protection equivalent to the economic rights of the author. The term of the protection is 25 years from the time when the work was first lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public and is calculated from 1 January of the year after the first lawful publication or communication to the public”.^{[2121/2018 Article 51A]}

Work for hire

The economic right to works created by employees (under any work relation) of the Government or a legal entity of public law in execution of their duties is transferred to the employer, unless provided otherwise by contract.^{[2121/2018 Article 8]}

集体作品

The term “collective work” shall designate any work created through the independent contribution of several authors acting under the intellectual direction and coordination of one natural person. That natural person shall be the initial right holder of the economic right and the moral right in the collective work. Each author of a contribution shall be the initial right holder of the economic right and the moral right in his own contribution, provided that that contribution is capable of separate exploitation.^{[2121/2018 Article 7(2)]}

Not protected

Under Law No. 2121/1993 as amended up to Law No. 4531/2018, there is no copyright protection for official texts expressive of the authority of the State, notably legislative, administrative or judicial texts, nor for expressions of folklore, news information or simple facts and data.^{[2121/2018 Article 2.5]}

古迹和文物

Non copyright restrictions: Producing pictures of monuments and antiquities that belong to the Greek State to be disseminated to the public for profit, including publishing on the internet for profit, requires a license from the Archaeological Receipts Fund according to July 2020 Law (4708/2020, Government Gazette issue 140/Α/21-7-2020 part B article 20). Photography of ancient monuments and antiquities that belong to the Greek State (all dating before 1453 and most dating before 1830 (Law 3028/2002, Government Gazette issue 153/Α/28-6-2002 articles 2 & 7)) is allowed to be taken for free when non-professional equipment is being used but publishing on the internet is allowed for free when no commercial or economical purpose exists or for a limit of up to 5 years under payment of a renewable fee according to the latest Ministerial Decision in force published in Government Gazette issue B-3046/2011-12-30 (chapter 1, article 5). The second Ministerial Decision in force has been issued in 2019 356481/254593/7509/2927/2019 - Government Gazette issue 2812/Β/4-7-2019.

版权标签

• {{PD-GreekGov}} – for images which are part of official legislative, administrative or judicial documents issued by the Greek Government.

货币

 不可以 According to the Greek legislation, neither the Bank of Greece not any other Greek authority is competent to provide you or any other interested party with any kind of permission to use the image of the Greek drachmae banknotes. However, without prejudice to the moral right of the designer recognized under Greek law (Law 2121/1993, as in force), there is no legal provision prohibiting the reproduction of drachmae banknotes.

全景自由

 不可以 {{NoFoP-Greece}}

Note: Please tag Greek no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:Greek FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>

Under Law No. 2121/1993 as amended up to Law 5043/2023:

The occasional reproduction and communication by the mass media of images of architectural works, fine art works, photographs or works of applied art, which are sited permanently in a public place, shall be permissible, without the consent of the author and without payment.

— ^{[2121/2023 Article 26]}

It remains unclear what exactly "occasional reproduction and communication by the mass media" encompasses. Even if "communication by the mass media" is seen as an extension of mere "reproduction", the interpretation of "occasional" reproduction remain to be clarified by jurisdiction or an scholarly interpretation. See talk page for a discussion.

Copyright ends 70 years after the author's death. After that, the government might claim moral rights under certain conditions.^{[2121/2018 Article 29(2)]}

原创门槛

The term “work” is defined as including any original intellectual creation expressed in any form, including alterations of other works as well as collections of works, provided that the selection or the arrangement of such collections is original.

Originality is understood by Greek jurisprudence as a notion of “statistical uniqueness”, which means that the work involves skill, labor and judgment emanating from the author and that no other person, acting under the same circumstances, could produce the exact same work.

邮票

Stamps by artists deceased more than 70 years ago (or pseudonymously designed more than 70 years ago, before 1 January 1954) are free. The copyright status of all other stamps issued before 1970 is disputed (possibly {{PD-GreekGov}} as government administrative documents). Stamps issued since 1970 follow the 70 years pma rule.

参见

• Ελλάδα
• Category:Greek FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Greece
• Category:Stamps of Greece
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/欧盟

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Italy

意大利

著作权法规： 意大利 快捷方式: COM:意大利
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
政府作品	Publish + 20 years
其他
全景自由	No
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Italy}} {{PD-Italy-audio}} {{PD-old-auto}} {{Anonymous-EU}}.
协议
伯尔尼公约	1887年12月5日
世界著作权公约	1957年1月24日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2010年3月14日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Italy relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Italy must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Italy and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Italy, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

Italy has been a member of the Berne Convention since 5 December 1887, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 14 March 2010.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 633 of April 22, 1941, for the Protection of Copyright and Neighboring Rights (as amended up to Decree-law No. 64 of April 30, 2010) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Italy. WIPO holds the Italian text of this law with an auto-translate tool in their WIPO Lex database. Normattiva holds the consolidated Italian text.

Also relevant is the Cultural heritage and landscape law of 2004 and the Digital Administration Code of 2005.

一般规则

Under the Copyright Law as of 2016,

• Economic rights in a work last for the author's life and until the end of the 70th solar year after his death.^{[633/1941 art. 25]}

Note that before 1996/7 the duration was 50 years after the author's death, with wartime extensions of six years for any work published before August 16, 1945. Therefore the calculation of the duration of copyright before the URAA date must consider these protected for 56 years after the author's death, meaning that were in the public domain at the URAA date works of authors died before 1940. Artistic photographs had been protected for 50 years from creation, plus the same six-year extension, so non-simple photographs created before 1940 were public domain on the URAA date.

• For works of joint authorship where the individual contributions cannot be distinguished, and for dramatic-musical, choreographic and pantomimic works, the duration of economic rights is based on the life of the co-author who dies last.^{[633/1941 art. 26]}
• For collective works the duration of economic rights of each contribution is based on the life of the contributor. The duration of the economic rights of the work as a whole is 70 years from first publication.^{[633/1941 art. 26]} With magazines, newspapers and other periodic works, duration is calculated separately for each issue.^{[633/1941 art. 30]}

• For anonymous or pseudonymous works, apart from those where the real author is widely known, the duration of economic rights is 70 years from date of first publication, whatever the form in which it was carried out, as long as the author does not become known in this period.^{[633/1941 art. 27]}
• National, provincial and municipal administrations are entitled to copyright on works created and published under their name and on their behalf and expense, as are private non-profit entities, academies and other public cultural bodies.^{[633/1941 art. 11]} Copyright on such works expires after 20 years from first publication. Copyright on writings (communications and memories) published by academies lasts two years, after which the rights revert to the author.^{[633/1941 art. 29]}
• For posthumously published works, economic rights last for 70 years from the death of the author.^{[633/1941 art. 31]} However, if the posthumous work is first published after copyright has lapsed, economic rights last for 25 years from this first publication.^{[633/1941 art. 85-ter]}

• Economic rights in a cinematographic work last until the end of the 70th year after the death of the last survivor of the following: the artistic director, the authors of the screenplay, including the author of the dialogue, and the author of the music specifically created to be used in the cinematographic work.^{[633/1941 art. 32]}
• Photographs are protected works as long as they are not simple protected photographs in accordance with the provisions of Chapter V.^{[633/1941 art. 2.7]} The economic rights of a photographic work last until the 70 year after the death of the author.^{[633/1941 art. 32-bis]}

• The terms of duration of economic rights above are counted starting from 1 January of the year following the event on which the duration is based.^{[633/1941 art. 32-ter]}

A few exceptions are:

• "Non-creative" photographs: Italian copyright law provides for a shorter term of 20 years since creation. However, which kinds of photographs are considered "simple photographs" is rather vague; this rule is difficult to apply accurately, and hence should be used on Commons very carefully. Artistic photographs enter the public domain 70 years after the author's death. "Simple photographs" include reproductions of figurative art and still frames from movies. See {{PD-Italy}}.

• Texts of official acts published and distributed by the Italian State or Italian public administrations: These are in the public domain, unless the copyright has been reserved explicitly^{[633/1941 art. 5]}. See {{PD-Italy-EdictGov}}.
• Audio recordings that were created and published in Italy at least 50 years ago, of a work which is itself in the public domain: These are in the public domain. Article 75 of Italian copyright law treats audio recordings as a special case^{[633/1941 art. 75]}. See {{PD-Italy-audio}}.
• Works made for the public administration or for non-profit organisations have 20 years of copyright protection before being in the public domain^{[633/1941 art. 29]}. See {{PD-ItalyGov}}.

政府作品

Works created by or on behalf of either the government, the former national Fascist Party, an academy, or private legal entities of a non-profit-making character of Italy, have 20 years of duration of the rights ^{[633/1941 art. 11, 29]}

Therefore, the theory that a 70-year rule applies to works of the Italian government is unproven and has been disputed. See Commons:Deletion requests/Category:PD Italy.

According to the discussion at Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2023/10#Italy FOP again and artwork copyrights supposedly held by city councils of Italy, buildings and monuments commissioned and paid for by the Italian state (including regions, cities etc.) are also official works (government works), and the copyright in these cases is held by the state or its respective subdivision. This interpretation is backed up by legal guides and verdicts by italian courts.

According to article 52, paragraph 2 of the Digital Administration Code, data and documents published by Italian public administrations without any explicit license are considered "open by default" (with exception of personal data). In this case, data and documents without explicit license can be used for free, also for commercial purpose, like CC-BY license or with attribution.

版权标签

• {{PD-Italy}} – for simple (non-artistic) photographs originating in Italy for which the copyright has expired.
• {{PD-Italy-audio}} – for audio recording both created and published in Italy at least fifty years ago, of a work which is itself in the public domain.
• For works where the author died at least seventy years ago, {{PD-old}} applies.

• For anonymous or pseudonymous works published at least 70 years ago, use {{Anonymous-EU}}.
• {{PD-Italy-EdictGov}} – for most edicts of the Italian government.
• {{PD-ItalyGov}} – for works published by the Italian administration or by Italian nonprofit organisations.
• {{Italy-CAD-OBD}} - for works published by any Italian administration without an explicit license.

货币

可以 Regarding former Italian currency (lire), the copyright on the artwork is most likely in the public domain. "Copyright in works created and published under the name and at the expense of the State, shall belong to them".^{[633/1941 art. 11]} "The duration of the exploitation rights belonging to the State (…) shall be twenty years as from first publication, whatever the form in which publication was effected".^{[633/1941 art. 29]} The last distributed lira (the 500.000 bill) was distributed in the first half of 1997, more than 20 years ago.

全景自由

Pictures from public places don't formally enjoy any exception in Italian copyright law. Objects still under copyright only allow "quotation right" ^{[633/1941 art. 70]} and a minimal and never implemented "fair use" ^{[633/1941 art. 70 c. 1-bis]}. Some objects are even subject to additional non-copyright restrictions (see below).

•  不可以 {{NoFoP-Italy}}

According to the discussion at Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2023/10#Italy FOP again and artwork copyrights supposedly held by city councils of Italy, buildings and monuments commissioned and paid for by the Italian state (including regions, cities etc.) are also official works (government works), and the copyright in these cases (20 years from publication) is held by the state or its respective subdivision. This interpretation is backed up by legal guides and verdicts by italian courts.

However, objects in public places can still be exempt from copyright for other reasons:

• 可以 for objects that are not creative or artistic enough to be copyright-protected, see Threshold of originality ^{[42/2004 art. 11 c. 1e]}. Please use {{PD-structure|ITA}} or {{TOO-Italy}} in this case.
• 可以 for objects where the copyright has expired, see General rules above.

请标记意大利非全景自由提删请求：<noinclude>[[Category:Italian FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>

Note: A de facto exception for works by deceased authors was discussed extensively. It was initially recognized by the Commons community in April 2021, but abandoned again a few months later after this clarifying discussion.

Additional restrictions for cultural heritage assets

Images of public domain landmarks of Italy like Palermo's Teatro Massimo (whose last-surviving architect died in 1897) may be subject to restrictions on commercial use. In a particular case for this building, the courts of Florence and Palermo ruled in 2017 that a bank's use of the image of this public domain building for their advertisement infringes the rights of Teatro Massimo Foundation who exclusively owns the images of the building. (Società Italiana Brevetti S.p.A. article, IPlens article)

In addition to copyright concerns, photos of any cultural heritage asset are generally subject to preemptive authorisation, a fee and other restriction due to the cultural heritage and landscape law which is a non-copyright restriction. The following are considered cultural heritage assets: state-owned things with some artistic, historic, archaeological or ethno-anthropological interest and libraries, galleries, museums and archives collections, unless explicitly removed on a case by case basis; other items declared cultural heritage by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities. The national catalogue of cultural heritage assets is not publicly accessible or does not exist yet. Any artwork or building should be assumed a cultural heritage asset if older than 50 years (or 70 years in some cases since 2017 ^{[42/2004 art. 11 c. 1d]}).

Simplifications were envisioned by law for certain kinds of reproductions ^{[42/2004 art. 108 c. 3-bis]} and collections ^{[36/2006 art. 7]} but are not fully implemented yet as of 2019.

For Wiki Loves Monuments participants, an agreement between the Ministry and Wikimedia has allowed in the past to publish certain photos of cultural heritage assets on Commons, provided that for the ministry-run monuments {{Italy-MiBAC-disclaimer}} is added to the respective file descriptions.

邮票

Until specific information becomes available, apply the 70 years pma rule (or 70 years after issue for anonymous/pseudonymous stamps), so stamps by designers deceased more than 70 years are public domain. Where there are joint authors, such as an engraver and a designer, the copyright term starts following the death of the last survivor.

{{PD-Italy}} does not apply to Italian stamps. The law contains no exceptions to standard copyright law for stamps.

Stamps sometimes contain date and author. The Stamp Art blog, while not necessarily reliable, does list designers and some engravers of Italian stamps and Italian stamp designers, so may be worth reviewing.

The following list of artists whose works are in public domain because they died on or before 31 December 1950 is non-exhaustive:

• Ferraris, Giuseppe (engraver) (1791–1869)
• Joubert Ferdinand (1810–1884)
• Matraire, Francesco (- c1884)
• Wyon, Leonard Charles (1826–1891)
• Bigola, Ludovico (1822–1905 )
• Michetti, Francesco Paolo (1851–1929)
• Del Neri, Edoardo (1890–1932)
• Calcagnadoro, Antonino it (1876–1935)
• Sezanne, Augusto (1856–1935)
• D'Urso, Nicola (1877–1937)
• Cellini, Guiseppe (1855–1940)
• Savage, Robert (engraver: ABNC) (1868–1943)
• Terzi, Aleardo (1870–1943)
• Constantini, Giovanni (1872–1947)
• Chiappelli, Francesco (1890–1947)
• Mezzana, Corrado (1890–1952)

Works by the following artists will remain protected until 70 years after their death:

• Rondini, Guiseppe (1881–1955) @2026
• Paschetto, Paolo Antonio (1885–1956) @2027
• Grassi, Vittorio (1878–1958) @2029
• Frigerio, Federico (1873–1959) @2030
• Cambellotti, Duilio (1876–1960) @2031
• Morbiducci, Publius (1889–1963) @2034
• Cossio, Carlo (1907–1964) @2035
• Di Fausto, Florestano (1890–1965) @2036
• Parmeggiani, Carlo (1881–1967) @2038
• Parrini, Manlio (1901–1968) @2039
• Mancioli, Corrado (1904–1968) @2039
• Conti, Gian Battista (1878–1971) @2042
• Lalia, Alfredo (1907–1971) @2042
• Marussig, Guido (1885–1972) @2043
• Guerrini, Giovanni (1887–1972) @2043
• Garelli, Franco (1909–1973) @2044
• Lerario, Giovanni (1913–1973) @2044
• Retrosi, Virgilio (1892–1975) @2046
• Morelli, Enzo (1896–1976) @2047
• Ortona, Ugo (1888–1977) @2048
• Cisari, Giulio (1892–1979) @2050
• Melis, Melkiorre it (1889–1982) @2053
• Zainea, Serban (1907–1990)[9] @2061
• Garrasi, Renato (1915–1990)(some sources say 1954) @2061
• Dominioni, Paolo Caccia (1896–1992) @2063
• Marangoni, Tranquillo (1912–1992) @2063
• Ferrini, Renato (1910–2005) @2076
• Tuccelli, Maria Maddalena-(b. 1951)

The following artists have unknown death dates:

• Liana Ferri (stamp designs 1934)
• Gustavo Petronio (active c1920s–1950s)
• Alberto Repettati (c.1896-1940s)
• Dino Tofani (1895–?1930)
• C. Vincenti (1930s)

原创门槛

Hogan Lovells states "In summary, the threshold for an industrial design product to enjoy copyright protection is still quite high and even famous industrial design products have been denied such protection by Italian Courts."

Probably this applies to logos too. These files have been kept as simple logos:

• 
  DR1 DR2 DR3
• 
  DR

But the logo of AC Parma was deleted as being a complex logo.

Another Parma logo has been deleted but then restored.

參見

• 意大利
• Category:Copyright law of Italy
• Category:Italian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Italy
• Category:Postage stamps of Italy
• wmit:Wiki Loves Monuments/Problemi legali

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Kosovo

科索沃

有限国际承认

著作权法规： 科索沃 快捷方式: COM:科索沃
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	Yes
截至年底	Yes
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Kosovo-exempt}}
协议

本页提供科索沃版权法规的概况，用以辅助向维基共享资源上传作品。请注意，任何原来在科索沃当地发表的作品，必须在科索沃和美国同时处于公有领域或是以自由授权协议发布，才能够上传至维基共享资源。如果您对于在科索沃发表的任何一个作品的著作权有疑虑，请参考下列对应的法规来进行厘清。

背景

Kosovo was formerly the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, an autonomous province of Serbia. The Kosovo War of 1998 and 1999 resulted in the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) on 10 June 1999 by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244. Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.

Despite Kosovo having its own Assembly, ultimate responsibility for the administration of the territory lies with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo, who leads the UNMIK.

Governing laws

As of 2024, the governing copyright law in the Republic of Kosovo is the Law No. 08/L-205 on Copyright and Related Rights, which came into effect on 27 October 2023, fifteen days after its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosovo. The law is heavily patterned on the European Union standards. The website of the Official Gazette holds the digital copies of the law.

Law No. 08/L-205 repealed the Law No. 04/L-065 on Copyright and Related Rights (2011) and its two subsequent amendments, Law No. 05/L-047 (2016) and Law No. 06/L-120 (2019).^{[2023 Art.146]} This 2011 law, in turn, repealed the Law No. 2004/45 on Copyright and Related Rights (2007).^{[2011 Art.205]}

概述

According to the Law No. 08/L-205 on Copyright and Related Rights,

• The economic rights and the rights to remuneration provided for in this Law for works shall be protected throughout the lifetime of the author and for 70 years after his death computed from January 1 of the year following that of his death.^{[2023 Art.65.1]}
• The economic rights in a work of co-authorship, shall be protected until the death of the last surviving joint author and, after his death, for 70 years computed from January 1 of the year following that of his death.^{[2023 Art.65.2]}
• The economic rights in an audio-visual work shall be protected for seventy (70) years computed from January 1 of the year following the year of the death of the last of the following co- authors to survive: the principal director; the author of the scenario; the author of the dialogue; the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audio-visual work.^{[2023 Art.65.3]}

• The economic rights in an anonymous or pseudonymous work shall be protected for 70 years computed from January 1 of the year following that of its lawful making the work available to the public. Where such a work is not made lawfully available to the public within 70 of its creation, the copyright protection shall terminate. However, when a pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his identity, the provisions of paragraph 1. of this Article shall apply. The provisions of paragraph 1. of this Article shall apply also where the author of an anonymous or pseudonymous work reveals his identity or if his identity becomes obvious during that period of time.^{[2023 Art.65.4]}
• For the term of protection of the economic rights in collective works, the provisions of paragraph 4. of this Article shall apply. However, where the authors of contributions to the collective work may be identified, in respect of those contributions, the provisions of paragraph 1. or 2. of this Article apply, respectively.^{[2023 Art.65.5]}
• Where a work is published in volumes, parts, installments, issues or episodes and the term of protection runs from the time when the work was lawfully made available to the public, the terms of protection provided for in paragraphs 1. to 5. of this Article shall run for each such item separately.^{[2023 Art.65.6]}

Not protected

The following works do not have copyright protection and are thus in the public domain^{[2023 Art.8]}:

• Official texts of a legislative, administrative and judicial nature.^{[2023 Art.8.1]}
• Official translations of such texts.^{[2023 Art.8.1]}

• Ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts (but only to their original expressions).^{[2023 Art.8.2]}
• Expressions of folklore.^{[2023 Art.8.2]}
• News of the day, mere facts and data as such (but only to their original presentation).^{[2023 Art.8.2]}
• Different information that have the character of ordinary media reports can be reproduced only after at least 12 hours have elapsed from their publication.^{[2023 Art.8.2]}

UNMIK documents

According to the United Nations "Addendum on Copyright in United Nations Publications: General Principles, Practice and Procedure", para. 2, the following UN documents are in the public domain:

(a) Official Records: a series of printed publications relating to the proceedings of organs or conferences of the United Nations. They include verbatim or summary records, documents or check-lists of documents, issued in the form of annexes to those records, including periodic supplements, such as the quarterly ones of the Security Council; and reports to those organs of their subordinate or affiliated bodies, compilations of resolutions, certain reports of the Secretary-General and other selected publications, which are issued in the form of supplements;

(b) United Nations documents: written material officially issued under a United Nations document symbol, regardless of the form of production, although, in practice, the term is applied mainly to material offset from typescript and issued under a masthead. The term also applies to written material issued simultaneously or sequentially in the form of documents and publications;

(c) Public information material: publications, periodicals, brochures, pamphlets, press releases, flyers, catalogues and other materials designed primarily to inform about United Nations activities. The term does not include public information that is offered for sale, which may be subject to copyright registration.

UNMIK documents of the above nature are therefore in the public domain.

版权标签

• {{PD-KosovoGov}} – for public domain Kosovar official works, state symbols, stamps, money etc.

全景自由

可以, {{FoP-Kosovo}}. The freedom of panorama provision of the previous laws, Article 54 of Law No. 2004/45 (2007) and Article 53 of Law No. 04/L-065 (2011), only permitted non-commercial uses of works found in public spaces.

The freedom of panorama provision of the new law (Law No. 08/L-205) is patterned after the European standards:

• It shall be permitted without the consent of the author or other holder of copyright and without payment of remuneration:...use of works, such as works of architecture or sculpture, made to be located permanently in public places.^{[2023 Art.49.1.12]}

参见

• Kosova / Косово
• Category:License tags of Kosovo
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/塞尔维亚
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/联合国
• Category:Kosovar FOP cases

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Malta

馬耳他

著作权法规： 马耳他 快捷方式: COM:马耳他
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
政府作品	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	是
协议
伯尔尼公约	1964年9月21日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2010年3月14日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的馬耳他版權規則。請注意，任何源自馬耳他的作品在上傳到維基共享資源之前必須在馬耳他和美國處於公共領域，或在免費許可下可用。如果對來自馬耳他的作品的版權狀態有任何疑問，請參閱版權法進行澄清

管辖法律

自1912年起馬耳他適用的英國版權法1911引入了一般版權期限為終身+50年，但死後作品、政府作品和照片除外，其版權保護期為出版後25年。 ^{[1911 Art. 3]} 根據1970年版權法（馬耳他法律第196章），文學、音樂和藝術作品的版權保護減少到終身+25年。攝影和電影作品以及匿名/假名作品自出版以來一直受到保護25年。 ^{[1970/196 Art. 4(2)]} 2000年版權法（馬耳他法律第415章）一般將版權保護提高到終身+70年。 ^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(2)]}

Law 197/2004 revived copyright whose protection had expired before the coming into force of the Copyright Act, but were on the 1st May, 2004 still protected in an EEA country.

上面的意思是：

• 1912年至1948年間發表的照片已受保護50年；它們在1963年至1999年間進入公有領域；
• 1970年至1973年間發表的照片已受保護25年；它們在1996年至1999年間進入公有領域；
• 1949年至1969年以及1974年以來出版的照片屬於2000年版權法的範圍；他們的版權在作者去世後70年到期。

馬耳他自1964年9月21日起成為伯爾尼公約、1995年1月1日以來的世界貿易組織和產權組織版權條約的成員，自2010年3月14日起生效。

截至2018年，聯合國機構世界知識產權組織 (WIPO) 將2000年版權法（第415章）列為美國立法機關頒布的主要知識產權法。產權組織在其WIPO Lex數據庫中保存了經修訂至2011年第VIII號法案的2000年版權法案。該法案取代了版權法，Cap。 196.^{[415/2000-2011 序言]}適用於本法生效後的作品，以及保護期未屆滿的較早的作品。它不具有追溯力，因為它不能用於對抗先前法案允許的行為。^{[415/2000-2011 Art.60]}

应用性

2000年版權法（第415章）涵蓋藝術作品、視聽作品、數據庫、文學作品和音樂作品。 文學、音樂和藝術作品必須具有原創性，並且必須已還原為物質形式。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 3 (1-2)]}

• 藝術作品包括繪畫、素描、版畫、版畫、木刻、版畫和版畫；地圖、平面圖、圖表和與地理、科學或地形相關的三維作品，雕塑作品；未包含在視聽作品中的照片；建築物或模型形式的建築作品；和藝術工藝作品，包括圖案編織紙巾和應用手工藝品和工業藝術品。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 2]}
• 視聽作品是由一系列相關圖像組成的作品，這些圖像賦予運動的印象，有或沒有伴隨的聲音，容易被人看到，並且在有聲音的情況下，容易被聽到。^{[415/2000-2011 藝術。 2]}
• 數據庫是指以系統或有條理的方式排列的獨立作品、數據或其他材料的集合，並可通過電子或其他方式單獨訪問。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 2]}
• 文學作品包括小說、故事和詩歌作品；啞劇、電影場景和廣播劇本中的戲劇、舞台指導、編舞作品或娛樂節目；教科書、論文、歷史、傳記、論文和文章；百科全書和詞典；信件、報告和備忘錄； 講座、演講和佈道；和計算機程序。它不包括任何成文法律、法律報告或司法裁決。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 2]}
• 音樂作品是指任何音樂作品，無論音樂質量如何，包括為音樂伴奏而創作的作品。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 2]}

如果作者（或任何联合作者）是馬耳他或根據馬耳他也是其中一方的國際協議保護版權的國家的公民、永久居民或法人實體，則版權保護適用於有資格獲得版權的作品。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(1)]}截至1997年，這包括世界上從安哥拉到津巴布韋的大多數國家。 版權可以通過轉讓、法律實施或遺囑處分作為動產進行傳播，並且可能僅限於某些行為、時間和地理區域的限制。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 24(2)]}

持续时间

在本文中，之後的50年是指發生的那一年結束後的50年。

• 文學、音樂和藝術作品以及數據庫在作者去世後70年內受到保護。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(2)]}
• 視聽作品在主要導演的最後一位倖存者、劇本作者、對話作者和專為視聽作品使用的音樂作曲家去世後受保護70年。^{[415 /2000-2011 藝術。 4(2)]}
• 匿名或假名文學、音樂或藝術作品在公開後的70年內受保護，如果未公開，則在公開後70年。如果作者的身份為人所知，該作品在作者死後70年內受到保護。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(3)]}
• 共同作者的作品是由兩位或更多作者合作製作的作品，其中每位作者的貢獻與其他作者的貢獻不可分割。^{[415/2000-2011 藝術 . 2]} 合著者的作品在最後一位在世作者去世後受保護 70 年。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(4)]}
• A collective work是由兩個或兩個以上自然人在一個自然人或法人實體的指導下主動創作的作品，並理解由後者公開 個人或實體。^{[415/2000-2011 藝術。 2]} 集體作品在公開後受保護 70 年，如果未公開，則在公開後受保護。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(3)]} 如果創作集體作品的自然人可以單獨識別，則該作品在其死後 70 年內受到保護。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(3)]}
• 根據作者之間的安排，合著的音樂作品可能被視為合著作品或集體作品。
• 當版權已過期的未發表作品發表時，該作品自發表之日起保護25年。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 4(6)]}

政府版權

版權保護延伸至有資格獲得版權且由馬耳他政府製作或在其指導或控制下製作的作品。 ^{[415/2000-2011 藝術。 6(1)]}

• 數據庫和文學、音樂或藝術作品自出版起保護70年。^{[415/2000-2011 藝術。 6(2)]}
• 視聽作品在主要導演的最後一位倖存者、劇本作者、對話作者和專為視聽作品使用的音樂作曲家去世後受保護70年。^{[415 /2000-2011 藝術。 6(3)]}
• 當版權已過期的未發表作品發表時，該作品自發表之日起保護25年。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 6(4)]}

许可协议

任何原產國是馬耳他的作品都應該有標籤，說明為什麼該作品在馬耳他和美國屬於公有領域或免費許可。這些應放置在{{Information}}模板的權限參數（或類似模板的相應參數）或許可部分中。

可用於顯示馬耳他版權狀態的標籤包括：

• {{PD-old-auto}} – 作者在70多年前去世，顯示死亡年份
• {{PD-old-70}} – 作者已於70多年前去世
• {{PD-EU-no author claim}} – 70多年前發表的匿名或假名作品，隨後沒有聲明作者身份
• {{PD-collective-work}} – 公共領域的集體作品
• {{PD-EU-unpublished}} – 版權過期後發表的作品，發表於25年前
• {{PD-MaltaGov}} – 70多年前出版的政府工作
• {{PD-self}} – 您創建的作品並將發佈到公共領域
• {{Cc-by-sa-3.0}} – 根據知識共享署名-相同方式共享3.0未移植許可發布。其他類似標籤見 Category:CC license tags

還提供美國標籤，例如

• {{PD-US-expired}} – 在1929之前首次發布
• {{PD-1996}} – 滿足在烏拉圭回合協議法日期之前發表的作品的要求

货币

 不可以馬耳他貨幣或政府作品沒有版權例外（參見馬耳他版權法第 2(1)a、3(1)a 和 6(1) 條）。馬耳他銀行提供貨幣圖像供使用，但他們的免責聲明禁止任何類型的衍生作品，從而使這些文件無法在Commons上託管。

全景自由

可以用於建築物和雕塑。{{FoP-Malta}}

馬耳他的版權法規定，版權不應包括授權或禁止（……）將建築或雕塑作品包含在與公眾的交流中、製作圖形表現和製作照片或電影的權利或永久放置在公共場所的類似作品。^{[415/2000-2011 Art. 9(1)(p)]}

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Montenegro

蒙特內哥羅

著作权法规： 黑山 快捷方式: COM:黑山
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世+70年
集体作品	发表年份+70年
其他
全景自由	No
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Montenegro}} {{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-MNEGov}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2006年6月3日
世界贸易组织成员	2012年4月29日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2006年6月3日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Montenegro relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Montenegro must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Montenegro and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Montenegro, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Montenegro was recognized as an independent state in 1878. It became part of Yugoslavia after World War I. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1992 the republics of Serbia and Montenegro formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, renamed the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. Montenegro became independent on 3 June 2006.

Montenegro has been a member of the Berne Convention and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 3 June 2006 and the World Trade Organization since 29 April 2012.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (Official Gazette of Montenegro, Nos. 37/2011 and 53/2016) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Montenegro. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

The Yugoslav Copyright Act of 1978 provided for copyright term of the life of the author plus 50 years, respectively 25 years for photograph or a work of applied art. This was replaced by a new copyright act of 29 December 2004. Works that were already in the public domain before the new act came into effect met one of the following criteria:

• A work of known authorship and the author died before 1 January 1954
• An anonymous work and it was published before 1 January 1954
• A photograph or a work of applied art published before 1 January 1973

Under the Law on Amendments to the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (Official Gazette of Montenegro, No. 37/2011 and 53/2016)

• Copyright lasts for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, unless stipulated otherwise.^{[53/2016 Art.62]}
• For works of co-authorship, copyright lasts for 70 years from the death of the author who died last.^{[53/2016 Art.63]}

• Copyright of an audiovisual work lasts for 70 years from the death of the last of the following co-authors: the principal director, screenplay writer, dialogue author and the author of music specially composed for the audiovisual work.^{[53/2016 Art.63]}
• Copyrights in a musical works with words, with the text and music written by different co-authors specifically for this work, lasts for 70 years from the death of the last co-author.^{[53/2016 Art.63]}

• Protection of copyright in anonymous or pseudonymous works lasts for 70 years from the date of publication of the work, unless the identity of the author becomes known before that period.^{[53/2016 Art.64]}
• Copyright in collective works lasts for 70 years from the date of publication of the work, unless the individuals who participated in the creation of the work are named in it.^{[53/2016 Art.65]}
• Durations are calculated from 1 January of the year immediately following the year in which the relevant event occurred.^{[53/2016 Art.69]}

Not protected

Copyright protection does not cover: 1) ideas, principles and discoveries; 2) Official texts in the field of the legislation, administrative and judicial; 3) an official translation of point 2 above; 4) The term traditional culture (hereinafter referred to as works of folklore); 5) daily news or other information having the character of mere items of press information.^{[53/2016 Art.8]}

版权标签

• {{PD-MNEGov}} – for public domain Montenegro official works
• {{PD-SCGGov}} – for public domain Serbian-Montenegro official works, state symbols, stamps, money etc.

全景自由

 不可以 Only non-commercial use is allowed. {{NoFoP-Montenegro}}

The Law on Amendments to the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (Official Gazette of Montenegro, No. 37/2011 and 53/2016) says,

• Permission is granted without acquiring the appropriate property rights and without paying a fee, to use works that are permanently exposed in parks, streets, squares and other public places.^{[53/2016 Art.55(1)]} The works ... may not be reproduced in a three-dimensional form, used for the same purpose as the original work, or used for direct or indirect economic advantage.^{[53/2016 Art.55(2)]}

參見

• Црна Гора / Crna Gora
• Category:License tags of Montenegro
• Category:Montenegrin FOP cases
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/塞尔维亚
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/南斯拉夫

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:North Macedonia

北马其顿

著作权法规： 北马其顿 快捷方式: COM:北马其顿
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
其他
截至年底	是
协议
伯尔尼公约	1991年9月7日
世界贸易组织成员	2003年4月4日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2004年2月4日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of North Macedonia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in North Macedonia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both North Macedonia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from North Macedonia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

The region of the present North Macedonia was under Ottoman rule until the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913, when it came under Serbian rule. After World War I (1914–1918), it became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which became a republic in 1945 and then a federation of socialist republics. Macedonia declared independence on 8 September 1991 during the dissolution of Yugoslavia, and was renamed North Macedonia in 2019.

North Macedonia has been a member of the Berne Convention since independence by virtue of succession of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and formally confirmed on 23 July 1993 that it was party to the treaty. North Macedonia has belonged to the World Trade Organization since 4 April 2003 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 4 February 2004.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (2010) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of North Macedonia. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

Grammatical changes were made to the law in October 2010. Several further changes were made between 2011 and 2015, but these were mainly to do with broadcasting and collective rights management and apparently did not affect definitions of protected works or of durations of protection.

版权作品

A copyright work is an intellectual and individual creation in the field of literature, science and art, expressed in any manner and form.^{[2010 Art.12(1)]} This includes, among other things, a written, spoken, musical, dramatic, photographic, audiovisual, fine art, architectural, applied art, or a cartographic work.^{[2010 Art.12(2)]}

持续时间

Under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (2010),

• Economic rights run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, unless otherwise provided.^{[2010 Art.55]}
• Where the work has been created by a number of co-authors, the term of duration is calculated from the death of the last surviving author.^{[2010 Art.56(1)]}
• For an audiovisual work, the duration is calculated from the death of the last survivor of the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogues and the composer of the music created specially for use in the audiovisual work.

^{[2010 Art.56(2)]}

• Copyright of anonymous and pseudonymous works runs for 70 years after the lawful disclosure of the work, unless the identity of the author becomes known during this period.^{[2010 Art.57]}
• Where the term does not run from the death of the author or authors, and the work has not been lawfully disclosed, copyright runs for 70 years after its creation.

^{[2010 Art.58]}

• The terms of duration of copyright protection run from 1 January of the year following the event which is the basis for calculation of the terms.^{[2010 Art.60]}

不受保护

The following are not considered to be copyright works: 1. Ideas, theories, concepts, operation methodologies, or mathematical concepts, regardless of the manner of explanation or expression; 2. Official texts of a political, legislative, administrative and judicial nature and their official translations; 3. Daily and other news having the character of mere media information, miscellaneous facts and data; and 4. Ideas and concepts which underlie any element of a computer program, including the program components that enable connection and interaction between the elements of the software and of the hardware equipment (interfaces).^{[2010 Art.16]}

版权标签

• {{PD-North Macedonia}} – for works of the following types:

a) works of folk literature and folk art

b) a work of known authorship and the author died before January 1, 1946

c) an anonymous work and it was published before January 1, 1946

d) a photograph or a work of applied art published before January 1, 1971

货币

 不可以 According to the law for the National Bank of Macedonia, for each reproduction of the banknotes and coins that are in official use in Macedonia there should be an official written permission from the Bank itself. The Council of the Bank decides the ways and the procedures for publication of photos of the currency.

全景自由

可以 for 3D works {{FoP-North Macedonia}}  不可以 for 2D works (like maps and murals still under artists' copyright)

Under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (2010),

• The use of a copyright work without payment of remuneration shall apply to the following cases: ... Use of architectural or sculptural works permanently located in public places (streets, squares, parks, etc.);^{[2010 Art.52.1.11]}

參見

• Северна Македонија
• Category:North Macedonian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of North Macedonia
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/南斯拉夫

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Portugal

葡萄牙

著作权法规： 葡萄牙 快捷方式: COM:葡萄牙
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世 + 70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-Portugal-URAA}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1911年3月29日
世界著作权公约	1956年12月25日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2010年3月14日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Portugal relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Portugal must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Portugal and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Portugal, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

Portugal has been a member of the Berne Convention since 29 March 1911, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 14 March 2010.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Code of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to Decree-Law No. 100/2017 of August 23, 2017) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Portugal. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

Under the Code of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to Decree-Law No. 100/2017 of August 23, 2017),

• The author's moral rights, including and in particular the right to attribution, are perpetual, even after the copyright expires.^{[100/2017 Art.9(3)]}
• Except where otherwise specified, copyright subsists for 70 years after the death of the author, even if the work is only disclosed or published posthumously.

^{[100/2017 Art.31]}

• Copyright in work of joint authorship, as such, expires 70 years after the death of the author who dies last.^{[100/2017 Art.32(1)]}
• The rights in a collective work or work originally attributed to a legal entity expires 70 years after first publication or lawful disclosure, unless the individual(s) who created the work were identified in versions made available to the public.^{[100/2017 Art.32(2)]}
• Copyright attributed to individual authors of a collective work with regard to contributions that can be distinguished is 70 years after the death of the author.

^{[100/2017 Art.32(3)]}

• The duration of protection of anonymous works is 70 years after publication or disclosure.^{[100/2017 Art.33(1)]} If the identity of the author is revealed in this period, the term of protection 70 years after the death of the author.^{[100/2017 Art.33(2)]}
• Copyright in cinematographic work or other audiovisual work expires 70 years after the death of the last survivor of the director; the author of the adaptation; the author of the dialogue; the author of the musical compositions specially created for the work.^{[100/2017 Art.34]}

See {{PD-Portugal-URAA}} for compatibility between the Uruguay Round Agreements Act and works in the public domain in Portugal.

照片

All photographs taken until 30 June 1970 are in the public domain in Portugal, as Decree Law n.° 334/97 of 27 November, which established the current 70 year protection on photographic works, as well as the 25 year protection on non-published public domain works, specifically applies retroactively only to works that were under protection in EU countries as of 1 July 1995 (§5). In the previous Law No. 114/91 as of September 3, 1991, copyright for all photographic works expired after 25 years after the work had been made. Copyright of non-published works was specifically voided 25 years after creation of the work. (§34).

See the related discussion for more information and sources verifying this.

In order to have copyright, photographic works are required to be published displaying a) the name of the photographer, b) in the case of photographs of works of plastic art, the name of the author of the work photographed. (§167 of the current 2017 copyright law). Failure to comply this voids the copyright of the work, unless bad faith on the reproduction can be proved.

不受保护

Under the Code of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to Decree-Law No. 100/2017 of August 23, 2017),

• There is no copyright protection for a) The news of the day and the reports of various events as simple information in any way disclosed; b) Applications, allegations, complaints and other texts submitted in writing or orally before public authorities or services; c) Proposed texts and speeches delivered to assemblies or other collegiate bodies, political, administrative, national, regional or local levels, or in public debates on matters of common interest; d) Political speeches.

^{[100/2017 Art.7(1)]}

• Integral reproduction of speeches, oratory pieces and other texts referred to in sub-paragraphs c) and d) of paragraph 1 may only be made by the author or with his consent.^{[100/2017 Art.7(2)]}
• The use by a third party of work referred to in paragraph 1, when free, shall be limited to that required by the purpose to be achieved with its disclosure.

^{[100/2017 Art.7(3)]}

版权标签

• {{PD-Portugal-URAA}} for compatibility between the Uruguay Round Agreements Act and works in the public domain in Portugal.
• {{PD-Portugal-photo}} for photographs in the public domain.
• {{IPPAR}} – for images courtesy of IGESPAR.
• {{PD-Portugal-exempt}} for copyright exceptions in Portugal

全景自由

可以 {{FoP-Portugal}} Under the Code of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to Decree-Law No. 100/2017 of August 23, 2017),

• It is lawful, without the author's consent, to make the following uses of a work:^{[100/2017 Art.75(2)]} ... use of works, such as works of architecture or sculpture, made to be located permanently in public places;^{[100/2017 Art.75(2.q)]}
• "Use" includes taking a photograph of such a work and publishing it.

^{[100/2017 Art.68]}

• However, in conformity with the Berne three-step test, the allowed uses must not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, nor unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rights holder.^{[100/2017 Art.75(4)]}
• Also, "The free uses mentioned in the preceding article [§75] shall be accompanied by the indication, wherever possible, of the name of the author and of the editor, the title of the work and other circumstances that identify them...."

^{[100/2017 Art.76(a)]}

According to Portuguese legal scholar Teresa Nobre, "public location" includes public interiors within the context of Portuguese law.

原创门槛

w:File:Juventude Socialista Portugal.png was deleted as it was considered to be above the threshold of originality.

Photographs

In Portugal photographs have been consistently specifically required to have a significant degree of creativity in order to be copyrighted. Article §164 of the current 2017 copyright law states that "the choice of a photograph's subject and the conditions of its creation must be deemed to be a personal artistic creation by the author before a photograph may qualify for protection".

Court cases

• Landscape photograph: Ruled as without originality. In 2009 the Tribunal da Relação de Lisboa ruled as void of copyright for lack of artistic creativity a landscape photograph the author was claiming copyright on due to his choice of the setting, light and other conditions. It was considered by the court "a vulgar photograph resultant from the mere choice of an object, such as a city council building and part of a group of trees, without a minimum of creativity". The subject is discussed in a 2017 article published by the Instituto Portugues de Fotografia.

• Heart reproduction commissioned to a laboratory in order to be presented in an exposition: Ruled as without originality.
• Clothing/Fashion: Ruled as without originality.

• Puppets wearing Madeira national costumes (generally tourist souvenirs) following old and common models were considered without copyright.

参见

• 葡萄牙
• Category:Images from IPPAR
• Category:License tags of Portugal
• Category:Portuguese FOP cases

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:San Marino

圣马力诺

著作权法规： 圣马力诺 快捷方式: COM:圣马力诺
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
照片	创作年份+30年
匿名	出版 + 60年
视听作品	创作或发表年份+50年
集体作品	出版 + 60年
死后出版	出版 + 60年（最长为作者一生+90年）
其他
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-SanMarino}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2020年9月2日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2020年9月2日
世界知识产权协议	2020年9月2日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of San Marino relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in San Marino must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both San Marino and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from San Marino, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

San Marino has been a member of the Berne Convention and WIPO Copyright Treaty since 2 September 2020.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 8 of 25 January 1991 - Protection of Copyright as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of San Marino. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. The law was later amended by Law No. 63 of 24 June 1997 and Law No. 43 of 22 February 2006.

一般规则

According to Law no. 8 of 25 January 1991:

• The standard term of protection is for the author's life + 50 years.^{[8/1991 Art.36]}
• A joint work where individual contributions cannot be separated is protected for 50 years after the last author's death.^{[8/1991 Art.37]}
• If the contributions in a joint work are separable, protection for each contribution is based on the life of the author, while the work as a whole is protected for 60 years after first disclosure.

^{[8/1991 Art.37]}

• Anonymous or pseudonymous works are protected for 60 years after first disclosure.^{[8/1991 Art.38]}
• Posthumous works are protected for 60 years after first disclosure as long as this occurs within 30 years of the author's death.^{[8/1991 Art.39]}
• For audio-visual works (films, sound), the duration is 50 years after the end of the year of first disclosure, or 50 years after the production date for undisclosed works.

^{[8/1991 Art.40]}

• Photographs are protected for 30 years after the date of production.^{[8/1991 Art.84]}

Disclosure is any act that brings the work to the attention of the public, including exhibition or reproduction.^{[8/1991 Art.44]} All terms run to the end of the calendar year in which they expire.

版权标签

• {{PD-San MarinoGov}} for the reproduction, even in their entirety, of the acts of State or government or judicial acts.
• {{PD-San Marino}} for works in the public domain in San Marino

全景自由

 不可以. There is no provision for freedom of panorama of any sort under San Marino law.

See also: Category:San Marinese FOP cases。

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Serbia

塞爾維亞

著作权法规： 塞尔维亚 快捷方式: COM:塞尔维亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世+70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Serbia}} {{PD-SerbiaGov}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1930年6月17日（从南斯拉夫继承的）。
世界著作权公约	1992年4月28日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2003年6月13日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Serbia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Serbia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Serbia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Serbia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

The present state of Serbia was formed when the much-reduced Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, renamed the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, broke up into Serbia and Montenegro in 2006. In 2008 Kosovo declared its independence of Serbia.

Serbia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 17 June 1930 as inherited from the former Yugoslavia, to which the declaration of continuation made on 19 September 2006, and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 13 June 2003.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (Official Gazette Republic of Serbia No. 104/2009, 99/2011, 119/2012 and 29/2016) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Serbia. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

The government of Serbia holds Serbian and English texts of the 2009 law on their website.

一般规则

A work published in Serbia will be in the public domain if its copyright expired pursuant to the former Yugoslav Copyright Act of 1978 which provided for copyright term of the life of the author plus 50 years, respectively 25 years for photograph or a work of applied art. This applies to works already in the public domain on or before December 29, 2004 when a new copyright act became valid. The work must meet one of the following criteria:

• A work of known authorship and the author died before January 1, 1954
• An anonymous work published before January 1, 1954
• A photograph or a work of applied art published before January 1, 1973

According to the 2009 Copyright Law of Serbia,

• Pecuniary rights last for the life of an author and 70 years after his/her death.^{[104/2009 Art.102(1)]}
  • Moral rights of an author last even after the expiration of his/her pecuniary rights.^{[104/2009 Art.102(2)]}
  • If an author has created a work as an employee in the performance of his/her duties, the employer ... holds exclusive pecuniary rights on its exploitation ... for 5 years from completion of that work.^{[104/2009 Art.98(1)]} The author then acquires the exclusive pecuniary rights.

^{[104/2009 Art.98(3)]}

• • Co-authors’ pecuniary rights expire 70 years from the death of the author that was the last to die.^{[104/2009 Art.103(1)]}
• Pecuniary rights for an anonymous or pseudonymous work expire 70 years from the date of its disclosure if the author's identity is not revealed during this term.^{[104/2009 Art.103(2)]}
• Copyright on collective works lasts for 70 years from the date of the legal publication of the work.^{[104/2009 Art.103(3)]}
• The term of protection of a film expires 70 years from the death of director, scriptwriter, dialogue author or the author of the music specifically composed for the film, whoever dies last.

^{[104/2009 Art.104(2)]}

• The term of copyright protection expires 70 years from the creation of the work if the term of its protection is not calculated from the date of death of the author or co-author and if it has not been lawfully published during such period of time.^{[104/2009 Art.105]}
• All time periods used to determine expiration date of pecuniary rights of an author are calculated from 1 January of the year following the one in which the event relevant for the beginning of the period had occurred.^{[104/2009 Art.106]}

不受保护

According to the 2009 Copyright Law of Serbia,

• The protection of copyright shall not apply to general ideas, procedures and methods of operations or mathematical concepts as such, as well as concepts, principles and instructions included in a work of authorship.^{[104/2009 Art.6(1)]}
• The following shall not be deemed works of authorship: 1) Laws, decrees and other regulations; 2) Official materials of state bodies and bodies performing public functions; 3) Official translations of regulations and official materials of state bodies and bodies performing public functions; 4) Submissions and other documents presented in the administrative or court proceedings.^{[104/2009 Art.6(2)]}

版权标签

• {{PD-SerbiaGov}} – for public domain Serbian official works, state symbols, money etc.
• {{PD-Serbia}} – for works whose author died before 1954 or published before 1954 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 2004)
• {{PD-SCGGov}} – for public domain Serbian-Montenegro official works, state symbols, money etc.

全景自由

可以 {{FoP-Serbia}}, if the work is displayed in an open public space. Under the 2009 copyright law,

• Any work that is permanently displayed in a street, a square or some other open public place may be reproduced in two dimensions and its copies thus made may be distributed, as well as communicated to the public in some other way, without the author's permission and without paying remuneration.^{[104/2009 Art.51]}

货币

可以 template:PD-SerbiaGov

参见

• Србија
• Category:License tags of Serbia
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/南斯拉夫
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/黑山
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/科索沃
• Category:Serbian FOP cases

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Slovenia

斯洛文尼亞

著作权法规： 斯洛文尼亚 快捷方式: COM:斯洛文尼亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	否
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Slovenia}} {{PD-Slovenia-exempt}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1930年6月17日（从南斯拉夫继承的）。
世界贸易组织成员	1995年7月30日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Slovenia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Slovenia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Slovenia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Slovenia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Slovenia was part of Austria-Hungary until October 1918, when it became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. This became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929, and the Republic of Yugoslavia in 1945. Slovenia became independent of Yugoslavia in June 1991.

Slovenia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 17 June 1930 as inherited from the former Yugoslavia, to which the declaration of continued application made on 12 June 1996, the World Trade Organization since 30 July 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

While part of Yugoslavia, Slovenian works were covered by the 1978 Yugoslav Copyright Act. The Slovenian Intellectual Property Office holds an English-language version of the act as in force from 13 January 2007. The Official Gazette holds the Slovene original of the consolidated act as of 2007. This was replaced by the Copyright and Related Rights Act of March 30, 1995.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Copyright and Related Rights Act (as amended up to October 22, 2016) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Slovenia. WIPO holds the Slovenian language unofficial consolidated text No. 12 of this law in their WIPO Lex database. It is the most recent version of the Copyright and Related Rights Act of March 30, 1995.

Also relevant is the 2006 Protection of Documents and Archives and Archival Institutions Act.

一般规则

• Works of authors who died more than 70 years ago (in 1953 or earlier) are public domain in Slovenia. Works of authors who died later (in 1954 or later) are copyrighted.
• An exception applies to the photographic and similarly-made works, and the works of applied art, which are considered free if published before 1 January 1970. The copyright on these works lasted for 25 years since the publication per the 1978 Yugoslav copyright act.

This also includes still images of videos if these images were published before 1970.

• The publication right applies for all works, published for the first time on 29 April 1995 or later, even if the copyright has already expired. It lasts for 25 years starting 1 January of the year following the year of the publication.

• All the durations are calculated from 1 January of the year following the year of their initial event.^{[12/2016 Art.673]}

Under the Consolidated Copyright Act as of 2016,

• Copyright lasts for the life of the author and 70 years after his death, unless provided otherwise.^{[12/2016 Art.59]}
• With a work of joint authorship, the expiration date in 70 years after the death of author who died last.^{[12/2016 Art.60(1)]}
• Protection of musical works with words expire 70 years after the death of the last surviving author of music or author of the text, regardless of whether they are designated as co-authors.

^{[12/2016 Art.60(2)]}

• Copyright in anonymous and pseudonymous works runs for 70 years after the lawful disclosure of the work.^{[12/2016 Art.61(1)]} If the pseudonym leaves no doubt about who is the author, or the author reveals his identity during the 70 year period, protection is for the author's life plus 70 years.^{[12/2016 Art.61(2)]}
• Copyright in collective works runs for 70 years after the lawful disclosure of the work.^{[12/2016 Art.62]} Inclusion of an individual work in a collective work does not affect the rights of the individual authors to their works.

^{[12/2016 Art.8]}

• When the duration does not run from the death of the author or authors and the work was not lawfully disclosed within 70 years from its creation, the copyright ends with expiration of this term.^{[12/2016 Art.63]}

Copyright in the United States:

• The URAA date of 1 January 1996 applies. This means that works that were not in the public domain in Slovenia on 1 January 1996 are still copyrighted in the United States and thus not free for the purposes and scope of Commons.
• An exception has been adopted for files uploaded before 1 March 2012, which may be hosted on Commons and tagged with {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}.

Related rights duration

• The related rights start run from the day of the event:

• in the case of performances, for 50 years after the performance or in the case of its lawful disclosure, 50 years after its first publication;

• the performers' rights have expired for performances from before 29 April 1990;

• in the case of sound recordings, for 50 years after the day of the production of the recording or in the case of its lawful disclosure, 50 years after its first publication;

• the sound recording producers' rights have expired for recordings from before 1 January 1975;

• in the case of unpublished free works, for 25 years after the day of the lawful publication (the publication right);

• this applies only for works, published for the first time on 29 April 1995 or later.

• in the case of critical or scientific publications of free works, for 30 years after the day of the first lawful publication;
• in the case of continued works, the term is separately calculated for each of the composing parts;
• in the case of collections, insignificant changes do not lengthen the duration of the copyright on the collection.

不受保护

Under the Consolidated Copyright Act as of 2016,

• There is no copyright protection for 1. ideas, principles, discoveries; 2. official texts of a legislative, administrative and judicial nature; 3. folk literary and artistic creations.^{[12/2016 Art.9(1)]}

  According to a 2010 book, this also encompasses the national coat of arms, the municipal coats of arms, the anthem, urban planning maps, drawings of traffic signs, sketches and plans from the patent file after the official publication of the patent, and other similar material published due to a state jurisdiction as part of the official text, its annex or independently.

• Translations of texts mentioned hereby should enjoy copyright protection, unless they are published as official texts.^{[12/2016 Art.9(2)]}

• Certain photographs that are not an "individual intellectual creation of the photographer" are not protected. Trampuž specifically cites the following types of images:
  • automated routine photographs; specifically listed: photographic automates, traffic safety images, images taken as part of the technical protection of objects, meteorological and satellite photographs
  • routine photographs for documents
  • average amateur photographs
  • routine press photographs

These, however, can often become an author's work, which is judged from case to case.

In numerous actual cases, they have also been recognised as copyrighted.

其他限制

In Slovenia there are restrictions on;

• publication of reproductions of public archives. An authorisation of the archival institution is needed for any publication.
• the usage of the national flag, the coat of arms, and the anthem.

版权标签

• {{PD-Slovenia}} – for works whose author died before 1954 or published before 1954 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 1995).
• {{PD-Slovenia-exempt}} – for non-protected creations in Slovenia (ideas, principles, discoveries; official legislative, administrative and judicial texts; folk literary and artistic creations.)

货币

 不可以: The copyright on the design of the tolar and other obsolete currencies as well as the national sides of the euro coins is held by the Bank of Slovenia.

Slovenia has used the Euro since 1 January 2007. See COM:CRT/European Union: Currency for more information.

微不足道

Article 52 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act:

• "Such disclosed works that may be regarded as accessory works of secondary importance with regard to the actual purpose of some material object, may be used freely while exploiting such object."^{[2007 Art.52]}

Article 52 has been interpreted by the copyright expert Miha Trampuž in his book Copyright and Related Rights Act with Commentary. He has highlighted the following aspects: the work must have been disclosed, it must have been incidental with another object or work, it could be at will replaced with another work, and it is inessential in the copyright sense to the object or work.

See Commons:Deletion requests/File:Postcard of Ljubljana, Prešeren Square (3).jpg.

全景自由

 不可以 Use: {{NoFoP-Slovenia}}. Only non-commercial use allowed. Under the Consolidated Copyright Act as of 2016,

• Works permanently placed in parks, streets, squares or other public places, may be used freely.^{[12/2016 Art.55(1)]}
• The preceding paragraph does not apply to three-dimensional copies made for the same purpose as the original work, or copies made for profit.

^{[12/2016 Art.55(2)]}

• The copy should state the source and authorship of the work, if indicated on the work.^{[12/2016 Art.55(3)]}

可以 for all works whose creators died or published them anonymously or pseudonymously (and have remained anonymous or pseudonymous) in 1953 or earlier.

• Another exception is photographs of photographic and similarly-made works in a public space, and photographs of the works of applied art, which are acceptable for Commons if the original (non-derivative) work was published in 1969 or earlier. The copyright on these works lasted for 25 years from publication per the 1978 Yugoslav copyright act.^{[1978 Art.84]}

In addition to copyright, the usage of the reproductions of "cultural monuments" for commercial purposes is restricted by the Slovenian Cultural Heritage Protection Act, which requires consensus of the owner of the monument for any use of the image and name of the monument (Article 44). The definition of a cultural monument is the following (Article 3): heritage that has been statutorily protected as a monument or entered in the inventory of an authorised museum. For immovable cultural heritage, the national catalog is publicly accessible at gisportal.gov.si.

Wikimedia Commons is not required to comply with the Slovenian Cultural Heritage Protection Act because it is hosted in the United States of America. Users who are citizens of Slovenia are warned that they are solely responsible for any possible violation of local laws.

原创门槛

The threshold of originality in Slovenia depends on the field of creativity. If the maneuvering space of the possible creativity is narrower, it requires more creativity for a work to be copyrighted.

In this regard, the following court cases are relevant:

应用艺术：

• VSL0069492 - the design of a couch set has been found to be below the threshold.
• VS0011606 – the design of a sales stand has been found to be above the threshold.

建筑：

• VSL00432 – only the works that constitute an original artwork are copyrighted; the renovation plan of Ljubljana Castle as well as the newly built and (at least some of) the renovated parts of the castle count as such.

标识：

• VSL00013281 – the logo with inscription "I Feel Slovenia" [10] was found to constitute a copyrighted work.

The court opined: "The slogan and the logo, which contains both verbal and graphic elements, do not allow them to be separated. Only the synergy of the verbal and graphic elements allows the observer to identify the overall message of the author's work."

Titles:

• VS07924 – the title "Brez zavor" (meaning "Without inhibitions") has been found to be below the threshold.

参见

• Slovenija
• Category:License tags of Slovenia
• Category:Slovenian FOP cases
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/欧盟
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/南斯拉夫

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Spain

西班牙

著作权法规： 西班牙 快捷方式: COM:西班牙
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年*
匿名	出版 + 70年*
视听作品	作者逝世 + 70年*
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-SpanishGov}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1887年12月5日
世界著作权公约	1955年9月16日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2010年3月14日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Spain relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Spain must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Spain and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Spain, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Spain has been a member of the Berne Convention since 5 December 1887, the Universal Copyright Convention since 16 September 1955, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 14 March 2010.

The Royal Act 1/1996, of 12 April 1996 approved the revised text of the Intellectual Property Law, the main IP law. The consolidated text incorporating revisions up to 14 April 2018 is provided on their website by the Boletin Oficial del Estado. The act repealed Law 22/1987, of November 11, on Intellectual Property and subsequent amendments. The Law of 10 January 1879 on intellectual property still applies to works by authors who died before the 1987 Law took effect.

一般规则

Under the 1996 Intellectual Property Law as amended up to 14 April 2018,

• The rights of exploitation of a work last for the life of the author and 70 years after his death or declaration of death.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 26]}
• The exploitation rights of anonymous or pseudonymous works last 70 years from their lawful disclosure, as long as the author does not become known during this period.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 27(1)]}
• The rights of exploitation of the works that have not been lawfully disclosed last 70 years from their creation, when the term of protection is not computed from the death or declaration of death of the author or authors.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 27(2)]}

• The exploitation rights of collaborative works, including cinematographic and audiovisual works, last for the life of the coauthors and 70 years after the death or declaration of death of the last surviving co-author.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 28(1)]}
• With musical compositions with lyrics, exploitation rights will last the entire life of the author of the lyrics and the author of the musical composition and 70 years from the death or declaration of death of the last survivor, provided that their contributions were created specifically for the respective musical composition with lyrics.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 28(1)]}
• Terms of protection established are computed from 1 January of the year following the death or declaration of death of the author or of the legal disclosure of the work, as appropriate.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 30]}

However, works of authors who died before 7 December 1987 (or were published before that date, in case of anonymous works) are dealt with by the 1879 law, which sets a protection time of 80 years post mortem auctoris.^{[1879 Article 6]}

集体作品

A collective work is a work created through the initiative and under the coordination of a natural or legal person who publishes and disseminates it under their name and is formed by combining contributions of different authors whose personal contributions are unique and autonomous creations, by which it has been created without it being possible to attribute separately to any of the authors a right over the whole of the work carried out. Unless otherwise agreed, the rights over the collective work shall correspond to the person who publishes and discloses it under his name.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 8]}

The exploitation rights over a collective works last 70 years from the lawful disclosure of the protected work. However, if the natural persons who have created the work are identified as authors in the versions of it that are made accessible to the public, the provisions of articles 26 or 28.1, as appropriate, will be applied. These provisions are without prejudice to the rights of the identified authors whose identifiable contributions are contained in said works, to which article 26 and 28(1) apply.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 28(2)]}

不受保护

Intellectual property protection does not apply to laws and regulations and their corresponding projects, resolutions and acts of jurisdictional bodies, agreements, deliberations and opinions of public bodies, as well as official translations of all the previous texts.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 13]}

版权标签

• {{PD-Spain-photo}} – for simple photographs taken at least 25 years ago
• {{PD-SpanishGov}} – for some works by the Spanish government, like laws
• {{PD-SpanishGov-money}} - for images of the former Spanish pesetas currency
• {{PD-La Moncloa}} – for content from www.lamoncloa.gob.es which was selected or coordinated by the Secretary of State for Communications (only valid for images uploaded before 26 November 2012)
• {{Attribution-Catalonia}} – for content from the Parliament of Catalonia (Parlament de Catalunya)
• {{Attribution-IGN}} - for CC-BY 4.0 licensed maps or other content from Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain's National Geographic Institute)

货币

可以: Regarding former Spanish national currency, the pesetas, there is "no significant jurisprudence on the application of copyright to banknotes" per 1999 Report on the Legal Protection of Banknotes in the European Union Member States. Additionally, there is "no use of the copyright symbol: © on Spanish banknotes". The rules for reproduction of pesetas only have provisions for advertising purposes. Reproductions for teaching materials in particular do not require the authorisation of the Bank of Spain.

{{PD-SpanishGov-money}} can be used to tag images of Spanish pesetas.

Spain has used the Euro since 1 January 2002. See COM:CRT/European Union:Currency for Euro banknotes and the shared side of Euro coins.

 不可以 for the national side of Euro coins.

全景自由

 Unsure

{{FoP-Spain}} Under the the 1996 Intellectual Property Law as amended up to 14 April 2018,

• Works permanently located in parks or on streets, squares or other public tracks and passes may be freely reproduced, distributed and communicated by painting, drawing, photography and audiovisual processes.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 35(2)]}

In 1998, Article 40bis was non retroactively introduced in the law, limiting this exception:

• The above may not be so interpreted that they could be applied in a manner capable of unreasonably prejudicing the legitimate interests of the author or adversely affecting the normal exploitation of the works to which they refer.^{[1/1996-2018 Article 40bis]}

After the introduction of Article 40bis, some Spanish courts have ruled against commercial use of some works situated in public spaces, including Monumento a Los Raqueros and Toro de Osborne. However, in both cases the work had been extracted from its surrounding panorama, and commercialized in that form. In other cases, such as the verdict nº195/2014 from the Audiencia Provincial de Madrid, courts have ruled that works situated in "public areas" can be subject to the exception (that is, they have ruled in favor of freedom of panorama, at least for works situated in "public areas"). According to further analysis, authorization from the copyright holder for commercial use of photographs and derivative and composed works of a copyrighted work, could possibly be necessary when the work is "located in a private property that is accessible to public view or that is not considered a public area". In the case of the Toro de Osborne, the court considered that only cultural uses were allowed by Article 35.2, excluding any kind of commercial use.

Toro de Osborne Case

By decision dated January 31, 2006, the Provincial Court of Seville considered that the commercial use of the figure or silhouette of the Toro de Osborne (originally conceived and designed as a trademarked logo in 1956) through items such as hats, t-shirts, keychains, stickers, postcards, ashtrays, tiles, ceramics, coasters, as well as scaled reproductions of the same, constitutes a criminal infringement of the copyright under Article 270 of the Penal Code, as it involves an "intent to obtain direct or indirect economic benefit" and is carried out "to the detriment of a third party." The Court interpreted the limitation of the panorama exception provided in Article 35(2) of the Intellectual Property Law (LPI) in accordance with the provisions of Article 40 bis of the LPI, stating that: "only the exploitation of the same with a strict or predominantly cultural dimension has been allowed, and any use of the same without its consent (from the owner) that exceeds the aforementioned purpose must be understood as unauthorized.".

Raqueros Case

By decision dated April 5, 2006, the Provincial Court of Cantabria, decided that a sculptural ensemble known as the "Grupo de Raqueros", permanently installed in a public thoroughfare (Paseo Marítimo), commissioned by the Government of Cantabria or by the Santander City Council, is reproduced in an acrylic based material, intended for public sale as tourist souvenirs. According to the decision, the author keeps the exploitation rights over it, and the Provincial Court of Cantabria ordered some of the defendants to compensate the author for moral and economic damages, due to the distribution of unauthorized reproductions.

Refer to this discussion for more information. Spanish Wikimedian MarcoAurelio provides an insight on the situation of the Spanish freedom of panorama.

See also: Category:Spanish FOP cases。

邮票

. Communication with Spain's Philatelic Bureau suggests no public domain. Permission to scan images of Spanish stamps requires a specific request to the Sociedad Estatal de Correos y Telégrafos.

According to Spanish copyright law, while most official works are not protected by copyright, standalone images are specifically exempted, and the author retains copyright. So it is safe to assume that Spanish stamps are copyright their designers, in which case they are protected for 70 years after the author's death, or 80 years if the author died before 1988. If the designer is unknown, the stamp falls into the public domain 70 years after it was issued, or 80 years if issued before 1987.

原创门槛

STS 4443/2004 notes that a work must have the characteristics of "uniqueness, individuality and distinguishability" to qualify for protection.

STS 1644/2017 concerns architecture and states "The terms in which an architectural project is drawn up largely respond to the technical or functional requirements and compliance with urban regulations. When this is the case, the project or the architectural buildings are not protected by copyright in the part imposed by those technical, functional or normative requirements"; and more generally, "the factor of recognizability or differentiation of the work with respect to the pre-existing ones [is] essential to grant an exclusive right with moral and patrimonial aspects".

参见

• España
• Category:License tags of Spain
• Category:Stamps of Spain
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/欧盟

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Vatican City

梵蒂岡城國

著作权法规： 梵蒂冈城 快捷方式: COM:Vatican City
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
其他
协议
伯尔尼公约	1935年9月12日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的梵蒂岡城版權規則。請注意，任何源自梵蒂岡城國的作品在上傳到維基共享資源之前必須在梵蒂岡城和美國處於公共領域，或在免費許可下可用。如果對梵蒂岡作品的版權狀況有任何疑問，請參閱相關法律進行澄清。

一般规则

梵蒂冈城国于1935年9月12日以圣座的名义加入伯尔尼公约。 梵蒂岡現行版權法於2017年10月1日生效。vaticanstate.va網站包含意大利語法律文本。梵蒂岡法律補充了意大利版權法（l.633，1941年4月6日），該法適用於羅馬教廷領土。法律規定在作者去世後70年享有版權，對於沒有署名作者的作品，在出版後70年享有版權。 與許多國家不同，梵蒂岡還對其法律主張版權。

教皇版權的要點：

• 為宗教、文化和教育以外的目的使用教皇形象和聲音的專有權（第3條）
• 自固定後70年內對文化遺產進行“純文獻”複製的專有權利（第4條）
• 羅馬教廷擁有以其名義出版或受其委託創作的作品的所有版權（第5條）。

全景自由

 Not OK 根據“1960年1月12日第N.XII號版權法”，梵蒂岡頒布法令，除非教會法另有規定，否則意大利版權法的規定適用於梵蒂岡城。意大利不允許全景自由。因此，雕塑和其他作品，包括建築物，直到建築師或設計師去世70年後才可以使用。梵蒂岡的出版社梵蒂岡圖書館也聲稱擁有教皇約翰保羅二世和教皇本篤十六世著作的永久版權。

Please, tag Vatican no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:Vatican FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>.

参见

• Vaticano
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/意大利
• Category:Vatican FOP cases

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明