Translations:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Consolidated list Oceania/3/zh

文本嵌入自
COM:American Samoa

美屬薩摩亞

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

美属萨摩亚的位置

美属萨摩亚是位于南太平洋的美国未整合领土，在萨摩亚独立国的东南方向。

历史

根据1899年的三方会谈，德国和美国分割了萨摩亚群岛。德国占领西面较大的岛屿，即今天的萨摩亚，美国则占领东面较小的岛屿，在1900年叫图图伊拉群岛，在1904年正式称为马努亚群岛。1902年群岛正式并入美国，在1911年被更名为美属萨摩亚。美属萨摩亚根据1967年7月1日生效的宪法开始自治，但联合国将其列为非自治地区。

法律

美属萨摩亚的法律基于1960年10月17日宪法管理。 1966年9月26日起在美属萨摩亚法加托哥举办的宪法会议确定了多个修正案。 这些经过公投于1966年选举期间通过，并于1967年7月1日生效。

在建制领地中，美国版权局表示：“美国联邦版权法律适用于美属维尔京群岛、关岛和北马里亚纳群岛，但不适用于美属萨摩亚。” 美属萨摩亚统一立法第27条——条款注释（ASCA），与贸易和交易、禁止输入或输出货物、违反国际或美国版权或专利法的商品买卖或增值相关，但除此之外并未提及版权法律。

As of 1993, American Samoa itself enacted no copyright laws. However, "because a copyright may be obtained by a person who is not a citizen of the U.S., but who is instead either "a national or domiciliary of the United States" (17 U.S.C. 104(b)(1)), United States copyright protection is available to Samoans in general... That protection, however, would not extend to the Samoan... author "at home" in Samoa... because the Federal law does not extend to... Samoa." In other words, "The Federal copyright laws... do not apply within American Samoa..., but American Samoans can obtain copyright protection elsewhere in the United States".

管理美属萨摩亚版权的规则因此并不清晰，基本上回到这一老路：在材料可以上传至维基共享资源之前，必须在美国进入公有领域，或是按自由版权协议提供。

版权标签

{{PD-American Samoa}}

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#CUR

全景自由

可能類似於COM:FOP US。

The absence of copyright law applying to the territory means that photos that would be affected by freedom of panorama could be uploaded. However, as the copyright of any American Samoan architect living in the United States would be protected according to US federal law, realistically such photos would be protected similarly to American FOP.

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#邮票

参见

• American Samoa
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国

Sources

• Leibowitz, Arnold H (1980). "American Samoa: Decline of a Culture". California Western International Law Journal 10: 220–271.
• Leibowitz, Arnold H (1989) Defining Status: A Comprehensive Analysis of United States Territorial Relations ISBN: 978-0-7923-0069-4.

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Australia

澳大利亚

著作权法规： 澳大利亚 快捷方式: COM:澳大利亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
政府作品	创作年份+50年
其他
全景自由	用於3D作品和「藝術工藝作品」
协议
伯尔尼公约	1928年4月14日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2007年7月26日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的澳大利亞版權規則。請注意，由于维基媒体基金会的服务器位于美国。任何源自澳大利亞的作品在上傳到維基共享資源之前必須在澳大利亞和美國處於公共領域，或在免費許可下可用。如果對來自澳大利亞的作品的版權狀況有任何疑問，請參閱相關法律進行澄清Australian Government copyright policy guidance.。

管辖法律

澳大利亞自1928年4月14日起成為伯爾尼公約、1995年1月1日以來的世界貿易組織和產權組織版權條約的成員，自2007年7月26日起生效。 截至2018年，聯合國機構世界知識產權組織（產權組織）將《1968年版權法》（截至2017年12月22日合併）列為澳大利亞立法機關頒布的主要知識產權法。 產權組織在其WIPO Lex數據庫中保存了該法律的文本。 產權組織還持有修改1968年的個別法案的文本。

非政府作品

1968年版權法於2005年1月1日修訂，並於2008年2月進一步修訂。在這些修訂之前，期限為50年。修正案沒有追溯力，過期的版權沒有恢復。

根據1968年版權法（截至2017年12月22日合併）：

The act (consolidated as of 22 December 2017) has the following provisions:

• 澳大利亞版權適用於首先在澳大利亞出版的作品或其原作者是/曾經是澳大利亞公民、澳大利亞居民或受澳大利亞政府保護的人。
• 根據本節的規定，文學、戲劇、音樂或藝術作品憑藉本部分存在的版權將繼續存在，直到作品作者去世的日曆年結束後70年結束。^{[1968–2017 Sec.33(2)]}
• 對於死後作品，版權有效期至該作品首次出版、公開表演或廣播，或該作品的記錄首次向公眾提供或公開出售的日曆年結束後的70年結束 ，以這些事件中最早發生的為準。^{[1968–2017 Sec.33(3)]}
• 對於匿名或假名作品，版權在作品首次發表後70年到期。^{[1968–2017 Sec.34]}

因此，以下情况適用：

• 作者在1955年1月1日之前去世的所有已發表作品都屬於公有領域。
• 此外，由於2005年改法前出版權的作品沒有恢復版權，作者在1955年1月1日之前去世的所有已發表作品都屬於公有領域，因為在新法出台之前就出版權了生效。隔年年初版權將丟失，因此1955年去世的作者的作品不會在2026年之前失去版權。
• 1955年1月1日之前出版的所有匿名或假名作品都屬於公有領域。
• 未發表的作品不在公共領域。
• 1955年1月1日之前拍攝的照片（已發表或未發表）屬於公共領域。

政府制作作品

根據1968年版權法（截至2017年12月22日合併）

• 聯邦或州是由聯邦或州製作、指導或控制的原創文學、戲劇、音樂或藝術作品的版權所有者，視情況而定。^{[1968–2017 Sec.176(2)]}
• 英聯邦或州擁有文學、戲劇或音樂作品的版權...... (b) 在作品出版的情況下——存在，或者，如果作品的版權在其首次出版之前立即存在，則繼續存在，直到作品首次出版的日曆年屆滿後50年屆滿 .^{[1968–2017 Sec.180(1)]}

版权标签

• {{PD-Australia}} – 在澳大利亚出版的图像在作者逝世七十年或拍摄早于1955年的情况下属于公有领域。
• {{PD-Australia-currency}} – 適用於1969年5月1日之前設計的硬幣
• {{PD-AustraliaGov}} – 適用於版權已過期的政府作品
• {{DFAT}} - 适用于外交和贸易部的作品

货币

 不可以用於1969年5月1日或之後設計的硬幣或紙幣。
可以用於1969年5月1日之前設計的硬幣或鈔票，但在以下條件下：明確禁止鈔票圖像的衍生作品。出於編輯或教育目的，允許使用低分辨率的鈔票圖像，前提是僅顯示鈔票的一面。有關圖像的確切尺寸要求的詳細信息，請參閱網站。

1969年5月1日之前的設計屬於公共領域，應使用標籤{{PD-Australia-currency}}。

• Reserve Bank of Australia - Reproducing banknotes
• Royal Australian Mint - Using coin designs

全景自由

• OK用於3D作品{{FoP-Australia}}
• OK用於2D藝術工藝作品{{FoP-Australia}}
•  不可以用於其他類型的藝術品

全景自由在《澳大利亞版權法》第65-68條中進行了處理，並以英國法律為基礎。

藝術作品是根據1968年版權法第10條定義的，這意味著

(a) 繪畫、雕塑、素描、版畫或照片，無論該作品是否具有藝術品質；

(b) 建築物或建築物模型，無論該建築物或模型是否具有藝術品質； 或者

(c) 藝術工藝作品，無論 (a) 或 (b) 段是否提及；

主要的問題在於什麼是「藝術工藝作品」，成文法沒有明確定義，但在Burge v Swarbrick的判例法中定義了被高等法院裁定，一件作品是否具有這種品質取決於它是否是一種工藝作品，其藝術表現形式足以不受功能考慮的約束。

在澳大利亞聯邦法律評論中，賈斯汀·皮拉 (Justine Pila) 根據高等法院在伯吉斯案中的裁決寫了一篇文章：

：“我認為對藝術質量的要求只是對藝術工藝作品不是想像的、不真實的或明顯的的要求……正如這些案例所反映的那樣，即使是從歷史角度來看，WAC也不是特殊的作品，而是相當「典型」的作品，與上述正統觀點相反。它們也具有功能性這一事實並沒有減少他們對藝術品質的需求”。

此外，她指出：

：“藝術工藝作品的構成要素與其他作品的構成要素相同——它們的形式屬性和它們各自製作的歷史。”

Several users claim that this implies two-dimensional flat arts like paintings and street art are considered as "works of artistic craftsmanship" in Australia, but others doubt about this interpretation and it has not been completely accepted by Wikimedia Commons community. Moreover, according to an information sheet of the Australian Copyright Council concerning street art (dated November 2019), the exception provided by Section 65 "applies only to sculptures and works of artistic craftsmanship, not to other artistic works such as murals and graffiti. Therefore, the copyright in a mural or graffiti may be infringed by taking a photograph of it." It adds that licensing permission from the copyright holder is needed, for uses of Australian street art "to feature on a website; to photograph, particularly for commercial purposes (e.g. to sell as postcards or prints); to use as the location of a film shoot; or to publish in a book or magazine."

邮票

澳大利亞郵政聲稱對澳大利亞郵票擁有自出版之日起50年的版權所有權(http://www.caslon.com.au/ipguide24.htm)。19741月1日之前發行的郵票可以標記為{{PD-Australia}}。

原创门槛

 不可以用於大多數徽標。澳大利亞版權保護所需的原創性水平非常低。 顯示zh:澳大利亞原住民旗幟的圖像一直從Commons中刪除，因為澳大利亞法院裁定該旗幟受版權保護。 请参阅 Category:Australian Aboriginal flag related deletion requests 中的讨论。

• 
  澳大利亚原住民旗帜之所以被允许出现在 Commons 上，是因为澳大利亚政府从原作者手中购买了版权，追溯适用了将其置于原籍国公共领域的法律

参见

• Australian Government guidance on duration of copyright
• Australia
• Category:Australian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Australia
• Category:Stamps of Australia
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:British Overseas Territories

英國海外領土

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

英属海外领地包括14个英国享有治权和主权的地区。这些地区是大英帝国的残余，并未获得独立或选择成为英属领地。这些地区不属于联合王国。它们是：

• 亞克羅提利與德凱利亞
• 安圭拉
• 百慕大
• 英属南极领地
• 英屬印度洋領地
• 英屬維爾京群島
• 開曼群島
• 福克蘭群島
• 直布羅陀
• 蒙塞拉特島
• 皮特凯恩群岛
• 圣赫勒拿、阿森松和特里斯坦-达库尼亚
• 南乔治亚和南桑威奇群岛
• 特克斯和凯科斯群岛

基本上每个地区都有地方政府，可能会有参考英国版权法律的地方法律。

全景自由

Territory	Status
Akrotiri and Dhekelia	可以: 參Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Cyprus#Freedom of panorama
Anguilla	不可以
Bermuda	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
British Indian Ocean Territory	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
British Virgin Islands	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
Cayman Islands	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
Falkland Islands	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
Gibraltar	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
Montserrat	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
Pitcairn Islands	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	可以 for 3D + works of artistic craftsmanship;  不可以 for 2D. Similar to Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。
Turks and Caicos Islands	可以适用于3D+艺术工艺作品； 不可以适用于2D作品。类似于Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom#Freedom of panorama。

参见

• British Overseas Territories
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Clipperton Island

克利珀頓島

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

克利珀顿岛位置

克利珀顿岛是一个无人居住的位于东太平洋中美洲沿岸的珊瑚环礁岛。它是法国的海外领土，直属于法国海外部管理。

法国的版权法律适用于源自克利珀顿岛的作品。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#邮票

参见

• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国海外领地
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Cook Islands

库克群岛

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

著作权法规： 库克群岛 快捷方式: COM:Cook Islands
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
视听作品	創作或發表年份+50年
集体作品	創作或發表年份+50年
应用艺术	创作年份+25年
其他
截至年底	是
协议
伯尔尼公约	2017年8月3日
世界知识产权协议	2019年6月19日

本页提供库克群岛版权法规的概况，用以辅助向维基共享资源上传作品。请注意，任何原来在库克群岛当地发表的作品，必须在库克群岛和美国同时处于公有领域或是以自由授权协议发布，才能够上传至维基共享资源。如果您对于在库克群岛发表的任何一个作品的著作权有疑虑，请参考下列对应的法规来进行厘清。

背景

1888年，库克群岛成为英国的保护国。 1900年，该群岛被英国吞并。 1901年，他们被纳入新西兰殖民地的范围内。 这些岛屿一直是新西兰的附属领土，直到1965年，他们才开始自治。 今天的库克群岛是一个自治的岛国，与新西兰自由联合。 库克群岛自2017年8月3日起成为Template:Wp-伯尔尼公约成员，自2019年6月19日起成为WIPO版权条约成员。

As of 2019 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act 2013 and the Traditional Knowledge Act 2013 as the main IP laws enacted by the legislature of the Cook Islands. The WIPO-LEX website holds copies of these acts, which both entered into force on 5 December 2013.

The Copyright Act 1962 of New Zealand applied to the Cook Islands until 2013. The 2013 Act replaced the Copyright Act 1962, but was not retroactive.

• On and from its commencement, this Act applies, with any necessary modification, to any work, performance, sound recording, or communication to the public protected under the Copyright Act 1962 or any previous Act if the term of copyright protection or rights protection for the work, performance, sound recording, or communication to the public has not expired under that enactment (the previous enactment).^{[8/2013 Sec.53(1)]}
• The protection under subsection (1) applies for the balance of the term of protection as calculated in accordance with the previous enactment.^{[8/2013 Sec.53(2)]}

概述

According to the former Copyright Act 1962, a work is in the public domain if it meets one of the following criteria:

• It is an anonymous work or pseudonymous work and 50 years have passed since the date of its publication
• It is another kind of work, and 50 years have passed since the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author)
• It is work not published during the lifetime of the author, and 75 years have passed since the death of the author, or 50 years have passed since the date of its publication, whichever period is the shorter

• It is a photographic work, sound recording, cinematograph film, television or sound broadcast and 50 years have passed since the date of its creation
• It is a "original literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work made by or under the direction or control of Her Majesty or a Government Department", and 50 years have passed since the date of its creation

According to the Copyright Act 8/2013,

• Copyright in a work (other than a work of applied art or a typographical arrangement of a published edition) exists (a) for the life of the author; and (b) for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.^{[8/2013 Sec.13(1)]}
• If 2 or more individuals are the authors of a work, copyright in the work (other than a work of applied art or a typographical arrangement of a published edition) exists ( a) for the life of the longest-surviving author; and (b) for 50 years from the end ·of the calendar year in which that author dies.^{[8/2013 Sec.13(2)]}

• Copyright in a collective work (other than a work of applied art or a typographical arrangement of a published edition) or film exists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the latest of the following events occurred: (a) the work was made: (b) the work was first made available to the public: (c) the work was first published.^{[8/2013 Sec.13(3)]}
• Copyright in a work of applied art (including a collective work) exists for 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[8/2013 Sec.13(4)]}
• Copyright in a typographical arrangement of a published edition of the whole or any part of a literary work, dramatic work, or musical work (including a collective work) exists for 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the edition is first published.^{[8/2013 Sec.13(5)]}

不受保护

• The definition of "work" does not include any work that is an official text, or a translation, of a legislative, administrative, or legal nature.^{[8/2013 Sec.3(work)]}
• Copyright does not exist in any idea, procedure, system, method of operation, concept, principle, discovery, or data expressed, described, explained, illustrated, or otherwise embodied in a work.^{[8/2013 Sec.7(4)]}

传统知识

The Traditional Knowledge Act 2013, which is not retroactive, imposes non-copyright restrictions on the uses allowed for expressions of traditional knowledge. Ownership of rights to traditional knowledge is confirmed by the Are Korero of the traditional community, and the owner must approve various types of use, including commercial use.

全景自由

 不可以 2013 年法律中没有关于全景自由的规定。

The 1962 law broadly followed the Copyright Act 1956 (UK), which did allow Freedom of Panorama. The 2013 law applies to any works whose copyright had not expired when it came into effect.^{[8/2013 Sec.53]}

参见

• Cook Islands
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/新西兰

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Fiji

斐濟

著作权法规： 斐濟 快捷方式: COM:斐濟
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
照片	创作年份 + 50年
匿名	出版 + 50年
视听作品	创作或发表年份+50年
政府作品	创作年份 + 50年
其他
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Fiji}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1970年10月9日
世界贸易组织成员	1996年1月14日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Fiji relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Fiji must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Fiji and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Fiji, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Background

The British established the crown colony of Fiji in 1874. Fiji gained independence in 1970. Fiji has been a member of the Berne Convention since 9 October 1970. By letter dated 1 December 1971, the Government of Fiji deposited a declaration of continued application of the Brussels Act of the Berne Convention. Fiji joined the World Trade Organization since 14 January 1996.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act, 1999 as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Fiji. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

应用性

According to the Copyright Act, 1999, copyright is a property right that exists in accordance with this Act in original works of the following descriptions: (a) literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic works; (b) sound recordings; (c) audio visual works; (d) broadcasts; (e) cable programmes; (f) typographical arrangements of published editions.^{[1999 Section 14(1)]}

Durations

Under the Copyright Act, 1999,

• Subject to the following subsections, copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work expires at the end of 50 years after the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.^{[1999 Section 22(1)]}
• If the work is a photograph, copyright expires at the end of 50 years after the end of the calendar year in which the photograph is taken.^{[1999 Section 22(2)]}

• If the work is computer-generated, copyright expires at the end of 50 years after the end of the calendar year of authorised publication of the work, or, if there is no authorised publication within 50 years after the making of the work, at the end of 50 years after the end of the calendar year of its making.^{[1999 Section 22(3)]}
• If the work is of unknown authorship, copyright expires at the end of 50 years after the end of the calendar year of authorised publication of the work, or if there is no authorized publication within 50 years after the making of the work. at the end of 50 years after the end of the calendar year of its making.^{[1999 Section 22(4)]} If the identity of the author of a work of unknown authorship becomes known after the copyright has expired, the copyright is not revived.^{[1999 Section 22(5)]}

• With a work of joint authorship, the reference to the death of the author is to be construed as a reference to the death of the last of the authors whose identity is known.^{[1999 Section 22(6)]}
• Copyright in a sound recording or audio visual works expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work is made, or is first made available to the public, or is first published, whichever is the latest.^{[1999 Section 23(1)]}
• Copyright in a broadcast or a cable programme expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the broadcast is made or the cable programme is communicated to the public.^{[1999 Section 24(1)]}

• Copyright in a typographical arrangement of a published edition expires at the end of the period of 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the edition is first published.^{[1999 Section 25]}
• Where a work is made by or under the direction or control of the State, the State is the first owner of any copyright in the work.^{[1999 Section 26(1)]} State copyright expires
  • in the case of a typographical arrangement of a published edition - at the end of the period of 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work is made;^{[1999 Section 26(3a)]}
  • in the case of any other work - at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work is made.^{[1999 Section 26(3b)]}

Not protected

Under the Copyright Act, 1999, no copyright exists in any of the following works: (a) any Bill introduced into the House of Representatives; (b) any Act as defined in the Interpretation Act (Cap 7); (c) any subsidiary legislation as defined in the Interpretation Act (Cap 7); (d) the debates of the Parliament of the Fiji Islands; (e) a report of a Royal Commission, Commission of Inquiry, ministerial inquiry or statutory inquiry; (f) a judgment of any court or tribunal.^{[1999 Section 27(1]} This applies to works made before or after this Act comes into force.^{[1999 Section 27(2]}

版权标签

• {{PD-Fiji}} – for photographs at least 50 years after production.

全景自由

可以 for buildings, sculptures and works of artistic craftsmanship. Under the Copyright Act, 1999,

• This section applies to (a) buildings; and (b) works (being sculptures, models for buildings, or works of artistic craftsmanship) that are permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.^{[1999 Section 67(1)]}
• Copyright in a work to which this section applies is not infringed by (a) copying the work by making a graphic work representing it; (b) copying the work by making a photograph or audiovisual work of it; or (c) broadcasting, or including in a cable programme, a visual image of the work.^{[1999 Section 67(2)]}
• Copyright is not infringed by the issue to the public of copies, or the broadcasting or communication to the public or inclusion in a cable programme, of anything the making of which was, under this section, not an infringement of copyright.^{[1999 Section 67(3)]}

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:French Polynesia

法屬玻里尼西亞

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

法属波利尼西亚的位置

法属波利尼西亚是位于南太平洋上，包括118个岛屿和环礁的法国海外领土集体。

作为法国海外集体，本地政府没有司法、大学教育、安全和防务的管辖权。这些地区的服务由法国政府直接提供并管理。适用于法国其他地区的法律同样适用于此。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#邮票

参见

• French Polynesia
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国海外领地
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:French Southern and Antarctic Lands

法属南部和南极领地

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

法属南方和南极领地的位置

法属南方和南极领地是法国的海外领地。目前该地区没有常驻人口。

法國版權法很可能適用於來自法國南部和南極領地的作品。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#邮票

参见

• French Southern and Antarctic Lands
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国海外领地
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/南极洲

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Guam

關島

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

关岛的位置

关岛是位于西太平洋密克罗尼西亚群岛的美国非建制合并领土。关岛由民选总督和一个有15位成员组成的单一立法院统治，其成员也称作参议员。

在建制领地中，美国版权局表示：“美国联邦版权法律适用于美属维尔京群岛、关岛和北马里亚纳群岛，但不适用于美属萨摩亚。”这是因为美国联邦版权法适用于“美国政府司法管辖的建制领地”（17 U.S.C. 101），维尔京群岛根据48 U.S.C. 1421成为建制领地。此外“版权法基于1956年关岛汇编法案第24条专门适用于关岛（70 Stat. 908, 911 , 48 U.S.C. 48 U.S.C. 142^）”

The Guam Omnibus Act of 1956 (codified as 48 U.S.C. § 1421n) states:

§ 1421n. Applicability of Federal copyright laws

The laws of the United States relating to copyrights, and to the enforcement of rights arising thereunder, shall have the same force and effect in Guam as in the continental United States.

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#US Territories

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#邮票

参见

• Guam
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Hawaii

夏威夷州

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

著作权法规： 夏威夷 快捷方式: COM:HW
保护期限
其他
协议

夏威夷是美国的第五十个州，也是最近并入的州。

1893年前夏威夷是独立的王国，当年成为夏威夷共和国。美国在1898吞并了夏威夷，但在1900年给与夏威夷地区自治权。夏威夷在1959年8月21日成为美国的一个州。

来自夏威夷的作品受美国联邦政府版权法律管理。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#邮票

参见

• Hawaii (island)
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Kiribati

吉里巴斯

著作权法规： 基里巴斯 快捷方式: COM:基里巴斯
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
照片	作者逝世+50年
匿名	发表者逝世 + 50年
视听作品	出版 + 50年
集体作品	出版 + 50年
应用艺术	创作年份 + 25年
其他
截至年底	Yes
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Kiribati}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2018年1月2日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2018年1月2日
世界知识产权协议	2021年6月22日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Kiribati relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Kiribati must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Kiribati and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Kiribati, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Kiribati is a sovereign state in Micronesia in the central Pacific Ocean. In 1892 the islands that now comprise Kiribati and Tuvalu became the British protectorate of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, part of the part of the British Western Pacific Territories. In 1916 the Gilbert and Ellice Islands were made a British crown colony. In 1976 the Gilbert and Ellice islands became the separate colonies of Kiribati and Tuvalu. Kiribati became fully independent in 1979.

Kiribati has been a member of the Berne Convention since 2 January 2018 and WIPO Copyright Treaty since 22 June 2021. As of 2020 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act 2018 as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Kiribati. It was effective 5 November 2018. This replaced the United Kingdom's 1917 Copyright Ordinance (Cap 16), revised and consolidated in 1998. Kiribati adopted parts of the Copyright Act 1956 of England, but not Section 22 of this Act.

WIPO holds the text of the 2018 Copyright Act in their WIPO Lex database. WIPO holds the text of the 1998 Kiribati law in their WIPO Lex database. The full text of the Copyright Act, 1956 (United Kingdom) is available in Wikisource.

定义

Under the Copyright Act 2018, effective 5 November 2018, Section 3:

"work"

(a) means an original work of any of the following - (i) an artistic work; (ii) a dramatic work (iii) a literary work (iv) a musical work (v) a film; (vi) a derivative work; (vii) a collective work; (viii) a typographical arrangement of a published edition; and

(b) includes a part of any work described in any of sub-paragraphs (i) to (viii) of paragraph (a); but

(c) does not include any work that is an official text, or a translation, of a legislative, administrative, or legal nature;

An artistic work means

(a) a building or model of a building; or

(b) any of the following whether or not the work has artistic merit -

(i) a painting, sculpture, drawing, illustration, sketch, engraving, etching, lithography, tapestry, woodcut, print photograph, collage, model, or other similar work;

(ii) a map, plan, chart, diagram, sketch technical drawing, illustration, or other similar work, or a 3-dimensional work, relating to architecture, geography, topography, or science;

(iii) a work of applied art, whether handmade or manufactured, that has utilitarian functions or that incorporated in a useful article (for example, an item of furniture, pottery, or weaving); and

(iv) any other work of artistic craftsmanship;

"collective" work means-

(a) work in which there are distinct contributions by different authors or in which works, or parts of works, of different authors are incorporated (for example, a newspaper); and

(b) a compilation of data (including those in electronic or other form readable by a computer or other machine).

General rules

Under the Copyright Act 2018, effective 5 November 2018, Section 13:

(1) Copyright in a work (other than a work of applied art or a typographical arrangement of a published edition) exists-

(a) for the life of the author; and

(b) for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.

(2) If two or more individuals are the authors of a work, copyright in the work (other than a work of applied art or a typographical arrangement of a published edition) exists-

(a) for the life of the longest-surviving author; and

(b) for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which that author dies.

(3) Copyright in a collective work (other than a work of applied art or a typographical· arrangement of a published edition) or film exists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the latest of the following events occurred -

(a) the work was made;

(b) the work was first made available to the public; and

(c) the work was first published.

(4) Copyright in a work of applied art (including a collective work) exists for 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.

(5) Copyright in a typographical, arrangement of a published edition of the whole or any part of a literary work, dramatic work, or musical work (including a collective work) exists for 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the edition is first published.

Former rules

All rights protected under the former Copyright Ordinance Cap 16 continued to be recognized under the 2018 Act. By implication, rights that had expired were not retroactively restored by the 2018 Act.^{[2018 Art.50]}

Under the former Copyright Act 1956 of England,

• Copyright subsists in an original literary, dramatic or musical work for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author died.^{[1956 Sec.2(1)]}
• An "artistic work" means any of paintings, sculptures, drawings, engravings and photographs, buildings or models for buildings, and works of artistic craftsmanship.^{[1956 Sec.3(1)]}

• Copyright subsists in an artistic work for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author died.^{[1956 Sec.3(4)]}
  • With an engraving, if before the death of the author the engraving had not been published, copyright subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is first published.^{[1956 Sec.3(4a)]}
  • Copyright in a photograph subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the photograph is first published.^{[1956 Sec.3(4b)]}
• Copyright subsists in a sound recording for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the recording is first published.^{[1956 Sec.12(3)]}

• Copyright in a film subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is registered.^{[1956 Sec.13(3a)]}
• Copyright in a television broadcast or sound broadcast subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year which the broadcast is made.^{[1956 Sec.14(2)]}
• Where the first publication of a literary, dramatic, or musical work, or of an artistic work other than a photograph, is anonymous or pseudonymous, copyright subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first published.^{[1956 Schedule.2(b))]}

Government works

Under the 2018 Act, "work" does not include any work that is an official text, or a translation, of a legislative, administrative, or legal nature.^{[2018 Art.3]} These are not protected.

Under the former Copyright Act 1956 of England,

• For literary, dramatic or musical works made by or under the direction or control of Her Majesty or a Government department, copyright (a) where the work is unpublished, subsists so long as the work remains unpublished, and (b) where the work is published, subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first published.^{[1956 Sec.39(3)]}
• Copyright in an artistic work to which Her Majesty is entitled subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[1956 Sec.39(4)]}

全景自由

 不可以: Under the Copyright Act 2018, effective 5 November 2018, Division 2 - Exceptions to copyright infringement, there is no exemption for copies of works situated in public places.

Under the former Copyright Act 1956 of England,

• The copyright in a work which is permanently situated in a public place, or in premises open to the public, is not infringed by the making of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of the work, or the inclusion of the work in a cinematography film or in a television broadcast.^{[1956 Sec.9(3)]}
• The copyright in a work of architecture is not infringed by the making of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of the work, or the inclusion of the work in a cinematography film or in a television broadcast.^{[1956 Sec.9(4)]}

參見

• Kiribati
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Marshall Islands

馬紹爾群島

著作权法规： 马绍尔群岛 快捷方式: COM:Marshall Islands
保护期限
其他
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Marshall Islands}}
协议
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	無
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的馬紹爾群島版權規則。請注意，任何源自馬紹爾群島的作品在上傳到Wikimedia Commons之前必須在馬紹爾群島和美國處於公共領域，或在免費許可下可用。如果對來自馬紹爾群島的作品的版權狀況有任何疑問，請參閱相關法律進行澄清。

管辖法律

馬紹爾群島於1592年被西班牙宣稱擁有主權。西班牙於1885年將它們賣給德國，它們成為德屬新幾內亞的一部分。這些島嶼在第一次世界大戰期間被日本佔領，並於1920年成為日本南太平洋託管地的一部分。這些島嶼於1944年被美國占領，並正式成為太平洋島嶼託管領土的一部分。1979年，他們在與美國的自由聯合契約中完全獨立。

馬紹爾群島是若干條約的締約方，其中包含與知識產權相關的小條款，儘管其中大部分似乎涉及與維基共享資源託管的作品類型無關的特定和小問題。例如，糧食和農業植物遺傳資源國際條約指出來自條約締約方的外國種子的接收者不得主張任何限制便利獲取糧食和農業植物遺傳資源的知識產權或其他權利。

截至2018年，聯合國機構世界知識產權組織沒有列出馬紹爾群島立法機關除未經授權之外的任何知識產權法律。1991年記錄材料副本法。 截至2010年，該法案之外沒有知識產權/版權立法太平洋島嶼法律信息研究所持有該法案的副本。

一般规则

《1991年未經授權的錄音材料複製法》禁止未經授權的銷售、複製/轉讓以銷售/盈利，或僅用於商業用途（例如以盈利為目的的公開表演）。 該法案在以下情況下不適用：^{[1991 §204]}

• 擁有主光盤/電影/唱片/等的人不是馬紹爾群島的公民；
• 主錄音或視聽作品“並非在馬紹爾群島創作、原創、製作或以其他方式錄製”；
• 複製的作品“旨在或與向公眾免費提供的無線電或電視廣播傳輸有關，或用於歷史、文化或檔案保存或相關目的”；
• 作品複製僅供個人使用，“無意利用此類複製進行商業利用”。

如果所列的四項豁免與馬紹爾群島批准的任何國際條約（無論是否特別側重於知識產權）的文本相矛盾，則它們將不適用。

缺乏條約

Per U.S. Circ. 38a, the following countries are not participants in the Berne Convention or 世界版权公约 and there is no presidential proclamation restoring U.S. copyright protection to works of these countries on the basis of reciprocal treatment of the works of U.S. nationals or domiciliaries: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Marshall Islands, Palau, Somalia, Somaliland, and South Sudan. As such, works published by citizens of these countries in these countries are usually not subject to copyright protection outside of these countries. Hence, such works may be in the public domain in most other countries worldwide. However: Works published in these countries by citizens or permanent residents of other countries that are signatories to the Berne Convention or any other treaty on copyright will still be protected in their home country and internationally as well as locally by local copyright law (if it exists). Similarly, works published outside of these countries within 30 days of publication within these countries will also usually be subject to protection in the foreign country of publication. When works are subject to copyright outside of these countries, the term of such copyright protection may exceed the term of copyright inside them. Unpublished works from these countries may be fully copyrighted. A work from one of these countries may become copyrighted in the United States under the URAA if the work's home country enters a copyright treaty or agreement with the United States and the work is still under copyright in its home country. Marshall Islands has enacted Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991 which came into force on 30 September 1991, it grants some Marshallese works limited, internal, intellectual property rights over sound and audio-visual recordings only.

全景自由

可以 on a high level, probably  不可以 if reproducted as audiovisual works [citation needed?]. The only "copyright protections" provided by the Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991 does not extend to any architectural or artistic works, or other type of permanently placed works, so any photograph reproductions of them are just considered acceptable, just use {{PD-Marshall Islands}} if and when appropriate.

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Micronesia

密克罗尼西亚联邦

文本嵌入自
COM:Nauru

瑙鲁

著作权法规： 瑙鲁 快捷方式: COM:瑙鲁
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
集体作品	出版 + 50年
政府作品	发表年份+100年
应用艺术	创作年份+25年
其他
全景自由	No
截至年底	Yes
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Nauru}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2020年5月11日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2020年5月11日
世界知识产权协议	2020年8月11日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Nauru relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Nauru must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Nauru and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Nauru, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Nauru was claimed as a colony by Germany in the late 19th century. After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. After World War II the country entered into United Nations trusteeship. Nauru gained its independence in 1968.

截止2018年，联合国下属机构世界知识产权组织（WIPO）并未将瑙鲁列为世界贸易组织的成员。然而瑙鲁于2020年5月11日成为伯尔尼公约的成员。$name=ref1

Nauru joined the WIPO Copyright Treaty as of 11 August 2020.

As of 2022, WIPO listed the Copyright Act 2019 (Act No. 17 of 2019) as the main copyright-related IP law enacted by the legislature of Nauru. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. This apparently replaces the Copyright Act 1956 (United Kingdom), which was in force in the island republic from 1968 in accordance with Section 4(1) of the Custom and Adopted Laws Act 1971 (Act No. 11 of 1971), in which common laws and statutes in force in England on 31 January 1968 were adopted as laws of Nauru.^{[Act1971 Sec.4(1)]}

It is unclear if the Copyright Act 2019 is retroactive or not, since the law does not provide an explicit transitionary provision. Nevertheless both the Copyright Act 2019 and the now-replaced Copyright Act 1956 have identical provisions on posthumous copyright durations for most works, providing a post mortem auctoris of 50 years, with the exception of government works. Also, freedom of panorama was apparently removed.

一般规则

Under the Copyright Act 2019,

• Copyright subsists in a work for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author died.^{[2019 Sec.18(1)]}

• Copyright subsists in a work of joint authorship for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the last-surviving author died.^{[2019 Sec.18(2)]}
• Copyright in a collective work or a film subsists for 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is made, is first made available to public, or is first published.^{[2019 Sec.18(3)]}
• Copyright in an applied art or a collective work of applied art subsists for 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first made.^{[2019 Sec.18(4)]}
• Copyright subsists for 25 years in a typographical arrangement of a published edition of the whole or any part of a literary work, dramatic work or musical work including a collective work, from the end of the calendar year in which this edition is first published.^{[2019 Sec.18(5)]}

• In case the work is anonymous, "(a) the publisher, whose name appears on the work, shall be presumed to represent the author and shall be entitled to exercise and enforce the moral and economic rights of the author; and (b) where the author reveals his or her identity, the presumption shall cease to apply."^{[2019 Sec.10(3)]}

Not protected

• Any idea, procedure, system, method of operation, concept, principle, mere data, discovery or date expressed, described, explained, illustrated or otherwise embodied in the work.^{[2019 Sec.19(a)]}
• Any official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, as well as any official translation thereof.^{[2019 Sec.19(b)]}
• News of the day or miscellaneous facts having the character of mere items of press information.^{[2019 Sec.19(c)]}
• Political speeches and speeches delivered in the course of legal proceedings.^{[2019 Sec.19(d)]}
• Judgments of a court of law or tribunal.^{[2019 Sec.19(e)]}

==政府作品==

Under the Copyright Act 2019,

• Copyright in a typographical arrangement of a published edition subsists for 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[2019 Sec.15(3)(a)]}
• Copyright in any other work subsists for 100 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.^{[2019 Sec.15(3)(b)]}

全景自由

 不可以: The 2019 Copyright Act repealed the Copyright Act 1956 of England. The repealed 1956 law provided freedom of panorama for works of architecture and artistic works in public spaces.^{[1956 Sec.9(3 and 4)]}

None of the exceptions or limitations to copyright in the current law contain such freedom of panorama provision.^{[2019 Sec.27–40]}

参見

• Naoero / Nauru

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:New Caledonia

新喀里多尼亞

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

新喀里多尼亚的位置

新喀里多尼亚 是位于西南太平洋的法属特别集体。

New Caledonia is a territory sui generis to which France has gradually transferred certain powers. The Kanak people have recourse to customary authorities regarding civil matters such as marriage, adoption, inheritance, and some land issues. The French administration typically respects decisions made in the customary system.

源自新喀里多尼亚的作品适用法国版权法律。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#邮票

参见

• Nouvelle-Calédonie
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国海外领地
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:New Zealand

新西兰

著作权法规： 新西兰 快捷方式: COM:新西兰
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
匿名	創作或發表年份+50年
视听作品	創作或發表年份+50年
政府作品	創作或發表年份+100年
应用艺术	创作年份+25年
其他
截至年底	Yes
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-New Zealand}} {{PD-NZ-exempt}} {{PD-Cook Islands}} {{PD-Niue}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1928年4月24日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of New Zealand relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in New Zealand must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both New Zealand and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from New Zealand, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

New Zealand has been a member of the Berne Convention since 24 April 1928 and the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995, as well as a signatory to various other international treaties.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed various acts including the Copyright Act 1994 (reprint as at 1 March 2017) as the main IP laws enacted by the legislature of New Zealand. WIPO holds the text of the 1994 act in their WIPO Lex database. The New Zealand Legislation holds a copy of the 1994 Act as of 30 December 2018, with a warning that some amendments have not yet been incorporated.

The Copyright Act 1962 of New Zealand may apply on the Cook Islands and Niue, two self-governing states in free association with New Zealand.

一般规则

Under the New Zealand Copyright Act of 1994 as of 30 December 2018,

• Subject to the following provisions of this section, copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies.^{[1994-2018 Sec.22(1)]}
• If the work is computer-generated, copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work is made.^{[1994-2018 Sec.22(2)]}

• If the work is of unknown authorship, copyright expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is first made available to the public by an authorised act.^{[1994-2018 Sec.22(3)]}
• In relation to a work of joint authorship, the reference in subsection (1) to the death of the author shall be construed ... as a reference to the death of the last of the authors whose identity is known.^{[1994-2018 Sec.22(6)]}

• Copyright in a sound recording or film expires (a) at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work is made; or (b) if it is made available to the public by an authorised act before the end of that period, 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which it is so made available.^{[1994-2018 Sec.23(1)]}
• Copyright in a communication work expires at the end of the period of 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the communication work is first communicated to the public.^{[1994-2018 Sec.24(1)]}

• Copyright in a typographical arrangement of a published edition expires at the end of the period of 25 years from the end of the calendar year in which the edition is first published.^{[1994-2018 Sec.25]}

政府版權

Under the New Zealand Copyright Act of 1994 as of 30 December 2018,

• Where a work is made by a person employed or engaged by the Crown ... the Crown is the first owner of any copyright in the work.^{[1994-2018 Sec.26(1)]}
• Crown copyright shall expire ... at the end of the period of 100 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work is made.^{[1994-2018 Sec.26(3b)]}
• Some government publications are not subject to copyright, including bills, acts, regulations, court judgments, royal commission and select committee reports, etc.^{[1994-2018 Sec.27]}

版权标签

• {{PD-New Zealand}} – copyright has expired or it is not subject to copyright
• {{NZTA-Sign-Spec}} – for traffic signs used by the NZ Transport Agency (NZTA)

货币

 Not OK New Zealand coins and notes are copyrighted by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. They note that "the Reserve Bank has no objection to reproducing our notes and coins as complete on-screen or printed images, typically for design, educational or illustrative purposes" but that "for intellectual property reasons we cannot grant permission to reproduce detail parts of these designs, and in particular that: (1) The ‘Pukaki’ image on the 20 cent coin is owned by Ngati Whakaue, used with permission by the Reserve Bank; (2) The image of H.M. The Queen on the obverse of our coins is owned by The Crown." This amounts to a restriction on derivative works, making the designs not appropriate for Commons.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand provides guidelines on using images of currency.

全景自由

OK for 3D works {{FoP-New Zealand}}

OK for 2D "works of artistic craftsmanship" {{FoP-New Zealand}}

 Not OK for 2D "graphic works". For image files such works, please file deletion requests and tag the resulting case pages with <noinclude>[[Category:New Zealand FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>.

Under the Copyright Act 1994 as of December 2018, Section 73,

• This section applies to the following works: (a) buildings (b) works (being sculptures, models for buildings, or works of artistic craftsmanship) that are permanently situated in a public place or in premises open to the public.^{[1994-2018 Sec.73(1)]}
• Copyright in a work to which this section applies is not infringed by (a) copying the work by making a graphic work representing it; or (b) copying the work by making a photograph or film of it; or (c) communicating to the public a visual image of the work.^{[1994-2018 Sec.73(21)]}
• Copyright is not infringed by the issue to the public of copies, or the communication to the public, of anything the making of which was, under this section, not an infringement of copyright.^{[1994-2018 Sec.73(3)]}

Copyright legislation in New Zealand also follows that of the United Kingdom. In the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be identical. See 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国 for more details.

Real life New Zealander FOP cases

Murals by Xoë Hall

• Artist Xoë Hall outraged over work featured on calendar's cover (by Charlotte Cook of Radio New Zealand, 30 December 2019)
• Yes, street art is on public display - but that doesn’t mean we should share it without credit (by Mike Dickison and Bruce White of Stuff.co.nz, 10 July 2020)

邮票

In New Zealand, the Crown Copyright is defined by Sections 2(1), 26 et 27 of the 1994 Copyright Act. It lasts 100 years, with exceptions. It protects the work created by a person employed or engaged by the Crown, Ministers of the Crown, offices of Parliament and government departments. See Wikipedia:Crown copyright.

According to this law, images of New Zealand stamps are in the public domain :

• 50 years after issue for stamps issued before 31 December 1944 (Template:PD-NZ-50-years on the Wikipedia in English). Use {{PD-NZ-50-years}}. All stamps from 1944 and before are thus in the Public Domain.
• 100 years after issue for stamps issued between 1 January 1945 and the 31 March 1987 by the New Zealand Post Office as a Department of the Government. No stamps from 1945 onward will therefore become public domain before 1 January 2045.

原创门槛

As stated in the New Zealand government's NZGOAL copyright guide (January 2015),

• As the Court of Appeal has stated, the “threshold test for originality is not high”, the determining factor being “whether sufficient time, skill, labour, or judgment has been expended in producing the work”. The Court has also reiterated the axiom, or principle, that copyright is not concerned with the originality of ideas but with the form of their expression. A work is not original, however, if (a) it is, or to the extent that it is, a copy of another work; or (b) it infringes the copyright in, or to the extent that it infringes the copyright in, another work.

参见

• New Zealand / Aotearoa
• Category:License tags of New Zealand
• Category:Postage stamps of New Zealand
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/库克群岛
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/纽埃
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/托克劳
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/英国
• Category:New Zealand FOP cases

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Niue

紐埃

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

著作权法规： 纽埃 快捷方式: COM:纽埃
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
照片	创作年份+50年
匿名	出版 + 50年
视听作品	创作年份+50年
死后出版	作者逝世+75年或 发表年份+50年
其他
截至年底	是
协议
伯尔尼公约	2016年9月24日
世界知识产权协议	2015年1月8日

本页提供纽埃版权法规的概况，用以辅助向维基共享资源上传作品。请注意，任何原来在纽埃当地发表的作品，必须在纽埃和美国同时处于公有领域或是以自由授权协议发布，才能够上传至维基共享资源。如果您对于在纽埃发表的任何一个作品的著作权有疑虑，请参考下列对应的法规来进行厘清。

背景

纽埃是一个位于南太平洋的岛国。纽埃和库克群岛一同在1901年6月11日被归入新西兰领土。新西兰议会恢复了根据1974年宪法恢复了纽埃的自治。目前纽埃是独立的政治体，与新西兰构成自由同盟。纽埃不是联合国成员国。

自2016年9月24日起纽埃为伯尔尼公约的成员。

As of 2019 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the laws of Niue as of 2006. None covered copyright, but under the Niue Act 1966, Section 737 Protection of intellectual property, "A copyright, design, patent, or trademark protected by New Zealand law shall be accorded the same protection by the courts of Niue as that available in New Zealand under the laws of New Zealand for the time being in force." The Copyright Act 1962 of New Zealand thus presumably applies on Niue.

概述

Under the Copyright Act 1962,

• Where copyright subsists in any literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work (other than a photograph),^{[1962 Sec.8(1)]}
  • If in the lifetime of the author the work has been published or performed in public or included in a broadcast, or records of the work have been offered for sale to the public, that copyright shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which the author died, and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.8(1a)]}
  • If in the lifetime of the author none of the acts mentioned in paragraph (a) of this subsection has been done, that copyright shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of seventy -five years from the end of the calendar year in which the author died, and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.8(1b)]}
  • Provided that, if any of those acts has been done after the death of the author, copyright shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which one of those acts has first been done, or the end of the period of seventy-five years from the end of the calendar year in which the author died, whichever period is the shorter.^{[1962 Sec.8(1)]}
• Where copyright subsists in any photograph, that copyright shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which the original photograph was taken and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.8(2)]}
• Where the first publication of a literary, dramatic, or musical work, or of an artistic work other than a photograph, occurs in the lifetime of the author and is anonymous or pseudonymous, subsection (1) of section 8 of this Act shall not apply.^{[1962 Sec.11(1)]}
• Subject to the preceding provisions of this Act, Any copyright subsisting by virtue of this Act in [an anonymous or pseudonymous work] shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first published, and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.11(2)]}
• Copyright subsisting in a sound recording shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which the recording was made, and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.13(3)]}
• Copyright subsisting in a cinematograph film shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year during which the making of the film was completed, and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.14(3)]}
• The Broadcasting Corporation shall be entitled to any copyright subsisting in a television broadcast or sound broadcast made by it; and any such copyright shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which the broadcast is made, and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.15(3)]}

皇家版权

Copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work, whether unpublished or published, to which Her Majesty is entitled shall continue to subsist until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made, or (in the case of a photograph) was taken, and shall then expire.^{[1962 Sec.52(3)]}

全景自由

可以 For a work of architecture and for a work of sculpture, artistic craftsmanship or mural if permanently located in (or visible from) a public place.

 不可以 用於繪畫、素描、雕刻或照片

Under the 1962 Act, Section 20. General exceptions from protection of artistic works:

(4) The copyright in a work of architecture is not infringed by the making of a painting, drawing, engraving, or photograph of the work or any part thereof, or the inclusion of the work or any part thereof in a cinematograph film or television broadcast.

(5) The copyright in a sculpture, or in a work of artistic craftsmanship (not being a work of architecture and not being a painting, drawing, engraving, or photograph), or in a mural, is not infringed by the making of a painting, drawing, engraving, or photograph of the work or the inclusion of the work in a cinematograph film or television broadcast if the work is permanently situated in or in view of a public place within the meaning of the Police Offences Act 1927 or in any premises open to the public.

(6) The copyright in an artistic work is not infringed by the publication of a painting, drawing, engraving, photograph, or cinematograph film, if by virtue of subsection (3), subsection (4) or subsection (5) of this section, the making of that painting, drawing, engraving, photograph, or film did not constitute an infringement of the copyright.

参见

• Niue
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/新西兰

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Norfolk Island

诺福克岛

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

诺福克岛位置

诺福克岛是太平洋上的一个小岛。直到1788年一小群澳大利亚前往定居，岛上一直荒无人烟。该岛曾属于新南威尔士州，在1914年被转为澳洲政府管辖，在1979年被获准有限的自治。诺福克岛与附近的菲利普岛和尼皮恩岛构成了澳大利亚联邦的海外领地。

该地可能适用澳洲版权法律。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/澳大利亚#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/澳大利亚#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/澳大利亚#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/澳大利亚#邮票

参见

• Category:Norfolk Island
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/澳大利亚

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Northern Mariana Islands

北马里亚纳群岛

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

北马里亚纳群岛的位置

北马里亚纳群岛是西北太平洋上，由14个岛组成的美国岛屿地区和联邦。这包含14个马里亚纳岛群最西部的岛。其不包含岛链最南部的关岛，关岛则为单独的美国领土。

Spain made the islands part of the Spanish East Indies in 1565. In 1899 Spain ceded Guam to the United States and sold the Northern Marianas to Germany. During World War I Japan invaded the islands, and in 1919 they became part of Japan's South Pacific Mandate. After World War II the United States took over administration as part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. A new government and constitution came into effect in 1978 under when the islands obtained commonwealth status within the United States.

在建制领地中，美国版权局表示：“美国联邦版权法律适用于美属维尔京群岛、关岛和北马里亚纳群岛，但不适用于美属萨摩亚。”这是因为被马里亚纳盟约第502(a)(2)条“适用于北马里亚纳，于1978年1月9日生效，美国法律于该日起事实上适用此地，“就像其适用关岛及美国多个州那样的适用”，此外“1936年维尔京群岛建制法案使版权法适用于维尔京群岛（48 U.S.C. 1405q），1954年建制法案使这样的适用永远生效（48 U.S.C. 1574(c)）”

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#邮票

参见

• Northern Mariana Islands
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Overseas France

法国海外部分

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

法国海外领地包括所有欧洲大陆以外的所属法国的地区。大部分是法兰西帝国的残余。它们是：

类型	名称	起始年份
海外省	瓜德羅普	1946
	法屬圭亞那	1946
	馬丁尼克	1946
	留尼汪	1946
	马约特	2011
海外集体	法屬玻里尼西亞	2003
	圣皮埃尔和密克隆	2003
	瓦利斯和富圖納	2003
	法屬聖馬丁	2007
	聖巴泰勒米	2007
海外地区	法属南部和南极领地	1956
特殊地位	新喀里多尼亞	1946
	克利珀頓島

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#邮票

参见

• Category:Overseas France
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Palau

帛琉

著作权法规： 帕劳 快捷方式: COM:帕劳
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
匿名	首次创作年份+100年， 发表年份+75年
视听作品	首次创作年份+100年， 发表年份+75年
集体作品	首次创作年份+100年， 发表年份+75年
其他
全景自由	否
截至年底	否
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Palau}}
协议
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	无
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的帕勞版權規則。請注意，任何源自帕勞的作品在上傳到Wikimedia Commons 之前，必須在帕勞和美國處於公共領域，或在免費許可下可用。如果對帕勞作品的版權狀況有任何疑問，請參閱相關法律進行澄清。

背景

今天的帕勞群島於1574年成為西班牙東印度群島的一部分。1899年，西班牙將這些島嶼賣給了德國，德國將這些島嶼作為德屬新幾內亞的一部分進行管理。第一次世界大戰後，這些島嶼成為日本南太平洋託管地的一部分。1947年，帕勞成為美國管轄的太平洋島嶼託管領土的一部分。根據與美國的自由聯合契約，這些島嶼於1994年獲得了完全主權。

截至2018年，聯合國機構世界知識產權組織將2003年帕勞共和國版權法列為由聯合國製定的主要知識產權法。產權組織在其WIPO Lex數據庫中保存了該法律的文本。2018年，產權組織沒有將帕勞列為伯爾尼公約或世界貿易組織的成員。

一般规则

根據《2003年帕勞共和國版權法》，

• 在本法案生效之日或之後創作的作品的版權自創作之日起存在，除以下小節規定外，版權有效期為作者有生之年和作者去世後50年。^{[2003 Sec.16(a)]}
• 在本法生效日期之前創作的作品的版權應自本法生效之日起生效，除以下小節另有規定外，有效期為作者有生之年和作者去世後50年。^{[2003 Sec.16(a)]}
• 如果是由兩位或更多非受僱作者共同創作的作品，版權的有效期為最後一位在世作者的生前和最後一位在世作者去世後的50年。^{[2003 Sec.16(b)]}
• 對於匿名作品、筆名作品或受僱作品，版權有效期為自首次出版之年起75年，或自創作年份起100年，以兩者為準先過期。^{[2003 Sec.16(c)]}
• 對於視聽作品或集體作品，版權有效期為自首次出版之年起75年，或自創作年份起100年，以先到期者為準。^{[2003 Sec.16(d)]}

不受保护

根據帕勞共和國2003年版權法，在任何情況下，原創作品的版權保護都不會擴展到以下內容：^{[2003 Sec.3(b)]}

• 任何想法、程序、過程、系統、操作方法、概念、原理或發現，無論其描述、解釋、說明或體現在此類工作中的形式如何；
• 官方公共立法、行政或法律文本，或其任何官方翻譯，以及
• 政府官員以其公務身份發表的演講、演講、演講和其他口頭作品。

全景自由

 不可以第7至13節中列出的版權例外或限制不包括允許對位於公共場所的建築或藝術作品的圖像進行商業利用的規定。

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Papua New Guinea

巴布亚新几内亚

著作权法规： 巴布亚新几内亚 快捷方式: COM:巴布亚新几内亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
匿名	出版 + 50年
视听作品	创作或发表年份+50年
集体作品	创作或发表年份+50年
应用艺术	创作年份+25年
其他
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Papua New Guinea}}
协议
世界贸易组织成员	1996年6月9日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年6月9日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Papua New Guinea relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Papua New Guinea must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Papua New Guinea and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Papua New Guinea, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

In the late 19th century the island of New Guinea was divided between the Netherlands in the west, Germany in the northeast and Britain in the southeast. In 1906 Australia took over responsibility for British New Guinea. During World War I the Australians seized German New Guinea. The territories administered by Australia were known as Papua and New Guinea. On 16 September 1975 Papua New Guinea became fully independent.

Papua New Guinea has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 9 June 1996.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000 as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Papua New Guinea. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

According to the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000,

• The economic and moral rights in respect of a copyright work shall be protected during the life of the author and for a period of 50 years of the date of his death.^{[2000 Sec.17(1)]}
• In the case of a collective work, other than a work of applied art, and in the case of an audiovisual work, the economic and moral rights shall be protected for a period of 50 years from the date on which the work was made, first made available to the public or first published, whichever occurs last.^{[2000 Sec.17(3)]}
• In the case of a work published anonymously or under a pseudonym, the economic and moral rights shall be protected for a period of 50 years from the date on which the work was made, first made available to the public or first published, whichever occurs last.^{[2000 Sec.17(4)]}
• In the case of a work of applied art, the economic and moral rights shall be protected for a period of 25 years from the making of the work.^{[2000 Sec.17(5)]}

不受保护

According to the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000, there is no protection for

• any idea, procedure, system, method of operation, concept, principle, discovery or mere date, whether expressed, described, explained, illustrated or embodied in a work;^{[2000 Sec.5(a)]}
• any official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature or any official translation thereof.^{[2000 Sec.5(b)]}

全景自由

 Not OK. According to the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000, freedom of panorama only covers uses for personal, educational (teaching), archival, and news reporting purposes.^{[2000 Sec.8–13]}

參見

• Category:Papua New Guinean FOP cases

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Samoa

萨摩亚

著作权法规： 萨摩亚 快捷方式: COM:萨摩亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+75年
匿名	发表年份+75年
视听作品	创作或发表年份+75年
集体作品	创作或发表年份+75年
应用艺术	创作年份+25年
其他
截至年底	Yes
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Samoa}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2006年7月21日
世界贸易组织成员	2002年5月10日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2006年7月21日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Samoa relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Samoa must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Samoa and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Samoa, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

In 1900 the island group of Samoa was divided between Germany and the United States, with German Samoa including the western islands and American Samoa the eastern islands. During World War I, New Zealand seized German Samoa, and continued to administer the islands until 1 January 1962, when Samoa became independent.

Samoa has been a member of the Berne Convention since 21 July 2006 and the World Trade Organization since 10 May 2012, as well as a signatory to various other international treaties.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act 1998 (as consolidated in 2011) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Samoa. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

According to the Copyright Act 1998 (as consolidated in 2011)

• The economic and moral rights shall be protected during the life of the author and for 75 years after his or her death.^{[1998–2011 Sec.16(1)]}
• In the case of a work of joint authorship, the economic and moral rights shall be protected during the life of the last surviving author and for 75 years after his or her death.^{[1998–2011 Sec.16(2)]}
• In the case of a collective work, other than a work of applied art, and in the case of an audiovisual work, the economic and moral rights shall be protected for 75 years from the date of which the work was first published or, failing such an event within 75 years from the making of the work, from its making.^{[1998–2011 Sec.16(3)]}

• In the case of a work published anonymously or under a pseudonym, the economic and moral rights shall be protected for 75 years from the date on which the work was first published.^{[1998–2011 Sec.16(4)]}
• In the case of a work of applied art, the economic and moral rights shall be protected for 25 years from the making of the work.^{[1998–2011 Sec.16(5)]}
• Every period provided for under subsections (1) to (5) runs to the end of the calendar year in which it would otherwise expire.^{[1998–2011 Sec.16(6)]}

不受保护

According to the Copyright Act 1998 (as consolidated in 2011), no protection shall extend to,

• any idea, procedure, system, method of operation, concept, principle, discovery or mere data, even if expressed, described, explained, illustrated or embodied in a work.^{[1998–2011 Sec.5(a)]}
• any official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, as well as any official translation thereof.^{[1998–2011 Sec.5(b)]}

全景自由

 不可以. Only incidental copying is allowed. According to the Copyright Act 1998 (as consolidated in 2011),

• The copyright in a work is not infringed by its incidental inclusion in an artistic work, a sound recording, an audio-visual work or a broadcast or by the publication, playing, performance or other use of the work.^{[1998–2011 Sec.8c]}

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Solomon Islands

所罗门群岛

著作权法规： 所罗门群岛 快捷方式: COM:Solomon Islands
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 50年
照片	出版 + 50年
匿名	出版 + 50年
死后出版	出版 + 50年
政府作品	出版 + 50年
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
协议
伯尔尼公约	2019年7月4日
世界贸易组织成员	1996年7月26日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年7月26日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Solomon Islands relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Solomon Islands must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Solomon Islands and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Solomon Islands, refer to the Copyright Act for clarification.

管辖法律

The Solomon Islands was made a British protectorate in June 1893. The country became a sovereign state on 7 July 1978 as "Solomon Islands" (without "the").

Solomon Islands became a member of the World Trade Organization on 25 July 1996, and the Berne Convention since 4 July 2019.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act 1987 (Cap 138) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Solomon Islands. WIPO holds the Revised Edition 1996 of this act on their WIPO Lex database. The act repeals and replaces the Copyright Act 1911 of the United Kingdom.^{[138/1987–1996 Preamble]}

应用性

Under the Copyright Act 1987 (Cap 138) Revised Edition 1996,

• Copyright subsists in literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, either unpublished but made by a qualified person, or first published in Solomon Islands, or first published by a qualified person.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 3 (1)]}
• A "literary work" is any work which is written, spoken or sung and includes any written table, compilation or computer program.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 2]}

• A "dramatic work" includes a choreographic show or other dumb show if described in writing in the form in which the show is to be presented; a scenario or script for a cinematograph film; but does not include a cinematograph film as distinct from the scenario or script for a cinematograph film.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 2]}
• An "artistic work" is any painting, sculpture, drawing, engraving or photograph; any building or model for or of any building; or any other work of artistic craftsmanship.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 2]}

持续时间

Under the Copyright Act 1987 (Cap 138) Revised Edition 1996,

• Copyright in general lasts 50 years after the author's death.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 3(3)]}
• If a literary, dramatic or musical work was not made public (published, performed, offered for sale or broadcast) before the author died, copyright lasts 50 years after it was made public.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 3(4-5)]}
• If the work is an engraving that was not published before the death of the author, or is a photograph, copyright lasts until 50 years after the work is first published.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 3(6)]}

• Works produced by collaboration between two or more authors where the individual contributions are not separate are protected until 50 years after the last surviving author died.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 3(7)]}
• Copyright in anonymous or pseudonymous work other than photographs lasts until 50 years after it was published, unless it is a work of joint authorship where the contributions cannot be separated and the identity of one of the authors is generally known or can be ascertained by reasonable inquiry before the end of this period.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 4]}

In the above, "50 years after [event]" means "until the end of the period of fifty years from the end of the calendar year in which [event] happened".

职务作品或受任命的作品

When a person commissions and pays for a photograph, portrait or engraving, they own the copyright in the work. Where a work is made by an employee of a newspaper, magazine or similar periodical for the purpose of publication in a periodical, the proprietor has copyright for publication of the work in a periodical, but the author retains copyright for any other use. Otherwise, copyright in a work made in the course of an author's employment is owned by the employer.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 5]}

为政府制作的作品

The Government owns copyright in an original literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work first published in Solomon Islands if first published by or under the direction or control of the Government. For a literary, dramatic or musical work the copyright lasts as long as the work is unpublished, then until 50 years after the work is first published.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 31]} Copyright in an engraving or photograph lasts until 50 years after it is first published, and for other artistic works for 50 years after the work is made.^{[138/1987–1996 Art 31]}

全景自由

可以 for buildings, sculptures, and works of artistic craftsmanship;  不可以 for other types of artistic works (like paintings or photographs). {{FoP-Solomon Islands}}. Under the Copyright Act [Cap 138]:

• The copyright in– (a) any sculpture; or (b) any work of artistic craftsmanship of the kind described in the definition of "artistic work" in subsection (1) of section 2, which is permanently situated in a public place, or in premises open to the public, is not infringed by the making of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of the work, or the inclusion of the work in a cinematograph film or in a television broadcast.^{[138/1987–1996 Section 7]}
• The copyright in a work of architecture is not infringed by the making of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of the work, or the inclusion of the work in a cinematograph film or in a television broadcast.^{[138/1987–1996 Section 8]}

De minimis inclusion of other types of artistic works only on audio-visual media

• Without prejudice to the provisions of subsections (7) and (8), the copyright in an artistic work is not infringed by the inclusion of the work in a cinematograph film or in a television broadcast, if that inclusion is only by way of background or is otherwise only incidental to the principal matters represented in the film or broadcast.^{[138/1987–1996 Section 9]}

Publication of images resulting from the aforementioned actions

• The copyright in an artistic work is not infringed by the publication of a painting, drawing, engraving, photograph or cinematograph film, if by virtue of subsections (7) or (8) or (9) the making of that painting, drawing, engraving, photograph or film did not constitute an infringement of the copyright.^{[138/1987–1996 Section 10]}

引用

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文本嵌入自
COM:Tonga

東加

著作权法规： 汤加 快捷方式: COM:汤加
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 50年
匿名	創作或發表+50年
集体作品	創作或發表+50年
政府作品	公有领域
应用艺术	创作+25年
其他
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Tonga}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2001年6月14日
世界贸易组织成员	2007年7月27日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2001年6月14日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Tonga relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Tonga must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Tonga and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from the Tonga, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Tonga has remained independent throughout and after the colonial era. From 1900 to 1970 Tonga had British protected state status, with the United Kingdom looking after its foreign affairs under a Treaty of Friendship. Tonga became signatory to the Berne convention effective 14 June 2001 and the World Trade Organization effective 27 July 2007.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act (Act No. 12 of 2002) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of the Tonga. WIPO holds a copy of the act in its WIPO-LEX database. The 2002 Act repealed the The Copyright Regulations (Cap. 92 of the 1961 Revised Edition) and the Copyright Act, 1911 of the United Kingdom, (applied by Order in Council dated 24th June, 1912).^{[2002 Sec.39]}

应用

Copyright protection applies to literary and artistic works, which are original intellectual creations including books, pamphlets, articles, computer programs and other writings; speeches, lectures, addresses, sermons and other oral works; dramatic, dramatico-musical works, pantomimes, choreographic works and other works created for stage productions; musical works, with or without accompanying words; audiovisual works; works of architecture; works of drawing, painting, sculpture, engraving, lithography, tapestry and other works of fine art; photographic works; works of applied art; illustrations, maps, plans, sketches and three-dimensional works relative to geography, topography, architecture or science.^{[2002 Sec.3]}

Copyright protection also applies to derivative works, which are translations, adaptations, arrangements, and other transformations or modifications of works; and collections of works, collections of mere data (databases), whether in machine readable or other form, and collections of expressions of folklore, provided that such collections are original by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents. This protection is without prejudice to any protection of a pre-existing work or expression of folklore incorporated in or utilised for the making of such a work.^{[2002 Sec.4]}

The Copyright Act applies to works of authors who are nationals or residents of Tonga; works first published in Tonga and works first published in another country and also published in Tonga within thirty days; works of architecture erected in Tonga and other artistic works incorporated in a building or other structure located in Tonga. The Act also applies to works eligible for protection in Tonga by virtue of and in accordance with any international convention or other international agreement to which Tonga is a party.^{[2002 Sec.31]} The act replaced the Copyright Act (Cap. 121), and applied to all works that were still protected at the time it came into force.^{[2002 Sec.35]}

一般规则

Every period provided for in this section runs to the end of the calendar year in which it would otherwise expire.^{[2002 Sec.18]}

• For an individual work, economic and moral rights are protected during the life of the author and for 50 years after their death.^{[2002 Sec.18]}
• A "work of joint authorship" is a work to the creation of which two or more authors have contributed, provided the work does not qualify as a "collective work".^{[2002 Sec.2]} The economic and moral rights are protected during the life of the last surviving author and for fifty years after their death.^{[2002 Sec.18]}

• A "collective work" is a work created by two or more natural persons at the initiative and under the direction of a natural person or legal entity, with the understanding that it will be disclosed by the latter person or entity under his or its own name and that the identity of the contributing natural persons will not be indicated.^{[2002 Sec.2]} For a collective work other than a work of applied art, and for an audiovisual work, the economic and moral rights are protected for fifty years from the date on which the work was either made, first made available to the public, or first published, whichever date is the latest.^{[2002 Sec.18]}

• For a work published anonymously or under a pseudonym, the economic and moral rights are protected for fifty years from the date on which the work was either made, first made available to the public or first published, whichever date is the latest, unless the author’s identity is revealed or is no longer in doubt before the expiration of this period, in which case it will be protected as an individual or joint work.^{[2002 Sec.18]}
• A "work of applied art" is an artistic creation with utilitarian functions or incorporated in a useful article, whether made by hand or produced on an industrial scale.^{[2002 Sec.2]} The economic and moral rights are protected for twenty five years the making of the work.^{[2002 Sec.18]}

政府版權

Copyright protection does not apply to any official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, or any official translation thereof.^{[2002 Sec.5]}

全景自由

 不可以 for private, personal use of reproductions only. The Copyright Act (Act No. 12 of 2002) does not provide a freedom of panorama provision for images of architecture and public art.

• Notwithstanding the provisions of section 6(1)(a), and subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the private reproduction of a published work in a single copy shall be permitted without the authorisation of the author or owner of copyright, where the reproduction is made by a person exclusively for his own personal purposes.^{[2002 Sec.8(1)]}

For works of architecture, this permission does not extend to the reproduction "of a work of architecture in the form of building or other construction."^{[2002 Sec.8(2)]} There is no specific provision in the copyright law allowing the free uses of images of such works.

邮票

The copyright situation is unclear. The Post Office Act (1933, 1977) does not mention copyright.

The Copyright Acts 2002 states that,

• For a collective work other than a work of applied art ... the economic and moral rights are protected for fifty years from the date on which the work was either made, first made available to the public, or first published, whichever date is the latest.^{[2002 Sec.18]}
• A "work of applied art" is an artistic creation with utilitarian functions or incorporated in a useful article, whether made by hand or produced on an industrial scale.^{[2002 Sec.2]} The economic and moral rights are protected for twenty five years the making of the work.^{[2002 Sec.18]}

Thus, any stamp published more than 50 years ago should be in the public domain.

参见

• Category:Tongan FOP cases
• Tonga
• Category:Stamps of Tonga

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Tuvalu

吐瓦魯

著作权法规： 圖瓦盧 快捷方式: COM:圖瓦盧
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
照片	出版 + 50年
匿名	出版 + 50年
视听作品	出版 + 50年
死后出版	出版 + 50年
政府作品	出版 + 50年
其他
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Tuvalu}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2017年6月2日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2017年6月2日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的圖瓦盧版權規則。請注意，任何源自圖瓦盧的作品在上傳到Wikimedia Commons之前必須在圖瓦盧和美國處於公共領域，或在免費許可下可用。如果對圖瓦盧作品的版權狀況有任何疑問，請參閱相關法律進行澄清。

背景

富納富提島於1819年被命名為埃利斯島。埃利斯群島於1892年被宣佈為英國保護國。它們後來成為英屬西太平洋領土的一部分，然後從1916年到1976年成為吉爾伯特和埃利斯群島殖民地的一部分。1976年1月1日，獨立的英國殖民地基里巴斯（吉爾伯特群島）和圖瓦盧（埃利斯群島）成立。圖瓦盧於1978年10月1日完全獨立。

自2017年6月2日起，圖瓦盧一直是伯爾尼公約的成員。截至2018年，聯合國機構世界知識產權組織將《版權法》（第40.24章，2008年修訂版）列為主要知識產權圖瓦盧立法機關頒布的法律。產權組織在其WIPO Lex數據庫中保存了該法律的文本。該法案描述了對違反英國Copyright Act 1956的處罰。1956年版權法（英國）的全文可在維基文庫中找到。

一般规则

根據英國1956年版權法，

• 版權在原創文學、戲劇或音樂作品中存在50年，從作者去世的日曆年結束算起。^{[1956 Sec.2(1)]}
• “藝術作品”是指任何繪畫、雕塑、素描、版畫和照片、建築物或建築物模型以及藝術工藝作品。^{[1956 Sec.3(1)]}
• 版權在作者去世的日曆年結束後保留50年。^{[1956 Sec.3(4)]}
  • 對於版畫，如果在作者去世之前版畫尚未出版，則版權自其首次出版的日曆年年底起保留50年。^{[1956 Sec.3(4a) ]}
  • 照片的版權自該照片首次發布的日曆年年底起保留50年。^{[1956 Sec.3(4b)]}
• 版權自錄音首次出版的日曆年年底起保留50年。^{[1956 Sec.12(3)]}
• 電影的版權自其註冊日曆年結束起保留50年。^{[1956 Sec.13(3a)]}
• 電視廣播或聲音廣播的版權自該廣播的日曆年結束起持續50年。^{[1956 Sec.14(2)]}
• 如果文學、戲劇或音樂作品或除照片以外的藝術作品的首次出版是匿名或假名的，則版權自該作品首次出版的日曆年年底起保留50年。 ^{[1956 Schedule.2(b))]}

政府作品

根據英國1956年版權法，

• 對於由女王陛下或政府部門製作或在其指導或控制下製作的文學、戲劇或音樂作品，版權 (a) 在作品未發表的情況下，只要作品未發表就存在，以及 (b) 在該作品的情況下 已出版，自該作品首次出版的日曆年年底起存續50年。^{[1956 Sec.39(3)]}
• 女王陛下有權享有的藝術作品的版權自作品創作的日曆年結束起保留50年。^{[1956 Sec.39(4)]}

全景自由

可以：根據英國1956年版權法，

• 永久位於公共場所或向公眾開放的場所的作品的版權不受作品的繪畫、素描、雕刻或照片的製作，或將作品包含在電影或電視廣播。^{[1956 Sec.9(3)]}
• 建築作品的版權不因作品的繪畫、素描、雕刻或照片的製作，或將作品包含在電影或電視廣播中而受到侵犯。^{[1956 Sec. 9(4)]}

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:United States Minor Outlying Islands

美国本土外小岛屿

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

大多数美国本土外小岛屿的位置

美国本土外小岛屿包括八个太平洋上的岛屿区域（贝克岛、豪兰岛、贾维斯岛、约翰斯顿环礁、金曼礁、中途岛、巴尔米拉环礁和威克岛）和加勒比海上的纳弗沙岛。这些岛屿上没有永久居民，只有临时驻扎的科考和军事人员。

源自美国本土外小岛屿的作品受美国联邦政府法律管理。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国#邮票

参见

• Category:United States Minor Outlying Islands
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/美国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Vanuatu

萬那杜

著作权法规： 瓦努阿图 快捷方式: COM:瓦努阿图
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 50年
匿名	創作或發表年份+50年
集体作品	創作或發表年份+50年
应用艺术	创作年份+25年
其他
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Vanuatu}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	2012年12月27日
世界贸易组织成员	2012年8月24日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	2012年8月24日
世界知识产权协议	2020年8月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Vanuatu relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Vanuatu must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Vanuatu and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Vanuatu, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

In the 1880s France and the United Kingdom claimed parts of the archipelago that is now Vanuatu. They agreed in 1906 to jointly manage the archipelago as the New Hebrides through an Anglo–French condominium. Vanuatu became independent on 30 July 1980.

Vanuatu has been a member of the Berne Convention since 27 December 2012, the World Trade Organization since 24 August 2012 and the WIPO Copyright treaty since 6 August 2020, as well as a signatory to various other international treaties.

As of 2024, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright and Related Rights Act No. 42 of 2000 (Consolidated Edition 2018) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Vanuatu. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. The 2018 consolidated version includes both the original act from 2000, which came into force on 8 February 2011, and the amendment act known as Copyright and Related Rights (Amendment) Act No. 17 of 2017, which only modifies Section 35 of the law pertaining to criminal sanctions. A further amendment, the Copyright and Related Rights (Amendment) Act No. 10 of 2021, became effective on 24 November 2021, upon its publication on the Official Gazette of the Republic of Vanuatu. Its text is available online.

一般规则

Under the Copyright and Related Rights Act No. 42 of 2000,

• A work of joint authorship is protected during the life of the last surviving author and for 50 years after his or her death.^{[2000 Sec.19(1.1)]}
• A collective work (other than an work of applied art) and an audiovisual work is protected for 50 years on and after the date on which the work: was made; or first made available to the public; first published; whichever date is the latest.^{[2000 Sec.19(1.2)]}
• A work published anonymously or under a pseudonym is protected for 50 years on and after the date on which the work: (a) was made; or (b) first made available to the public; (c) first published; whichever date is the latest.^{[2000 Sec.19(1.3)]}
• A work of applied art is protected for 25 years on and after the making of the work.^{[2000 Sec.19(1.4)]}
• Any other work is protected during the lifetime of the author and for 50 years after his or her death.^{[2000 Sec.19(1.5)]}

全景自由

 不可以 "Part 3 - Acts Not Constituting Infringment of Copyright" (sections 10 to 18) does not include a provision that allows commercial uses of images of architectural or artistic works situated in public places.

See also: Category:Vanuatuan FOP cases。

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Wallis and Futuna

瓦利斯和富圖納

其他地区，例如属地、联邦、曾经的国家

瓦利斯和富图纳的位置

瓦利斯和富图纳是位于南太平洋的法国海外集体。

司法上通常根据法国法律，由马塔乌图岛的初审法庭管理，但三个传统王室执法者依据惯例法管理（仅针对非刑事案件）。可适用法国法律。

版权标签

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#TAG

货币

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#CUR

全景自由

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#FOP

邮票

参见: 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国#邮票

参见

• Wallis and Futuna
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国海外领地
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/法国

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明