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<ref name="GlobalTimesShanghaiMoneyShops">{{cite web|url= http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/778840.shtml|title= The rise and fall of money shops.|date=2013-5-2 17:33:00|accessdate=10 September 2019|author= Zhang Yu|publisher= [[Global Times]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="GlobalTimesShanghaiMoneyShops">{{cite web|url= http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/778840.shtml|title= The rise and fall of money shops.|date=2 May 2013|accessdate=10 September 2019|author= Zhang Yu|publisher= [[Global Times]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="DukeEastAsiaNexusChinese1935CurrencyReform">{{cite web|url= http://www.dukenex.us/noah-elbot-chinas-1935-currency-reform.html|title= China's 1935 Currency Reform: A Nascent Success Cut Short By Noah Elbot.|date=2019|accessdate=15 September 2019|author= Noah Elbot|publisher= Duke East Asia Nexus ([[Duke University]]).|language=en}}</ref>
August 2019.
<ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeQianzhuang">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/qianzhuang.html|title= ''qianzhuang'' 錢莊, private banks.|date=24 November 2015|accessdate=9 August 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="YunLiuHankouQianzhuang">{{cite web|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328319998_A_City_of_Commerce_and_its_Native_Banks_Hankou_Qianzhuang_1800s-1952|title= A City of Commerce and its Native Banks: Hankou Qianzhuang (1800s-1952).|date=August 2013|accessdate=17 August 2019|author= Yum Liu|publisher= [[ResearchGate]]|language=en}}</ref>
July 2019.
<ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= July 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgePaperMoney">{{cite web|url= http://chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/papermoney.html|title= Paper Money in Premodern China.|date=10 May 2016|accessdate=27 March 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgePaperMoney"/>
<ref name="QingPaperMoney">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/money-qing-baochao.html|title= Qing Period Paper Money.|date=13 April 2016|accessdate=27 March 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="QingPaperMoney"/>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes1">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Foreign_Banks_in_China_Part-I.pdf|title= THE FOREIGN BANKS IN CHINA, PART I - EARLY IMPERIAL ISSUES (1850-1900) by John E. Sandrock - The Opening of China to the Outside World.|date=1997|accessdate=1 April 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes1"/>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes2">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Foreign_Banks_in_China_Part-II.pdf|title=FOREIGN BANKS IN CHINA, Part II - IMPERIAL CHINESE ISSUES (1900-1911) by John E. Sandrock.|date=1997|accessdate=10 April 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes2"/>
<ref name="SandrockCopperCashNotes">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Ching_Dynasty_Copper_Cash_Notes_-_Part_II.pdf|title=IMPERIAL CHINESE CURRENCY OF THE TAI'PING REBELLION - Part II - CH'ING DYNASTY COPPER CASH NOTES by John E. Sandrock.|date=1997|accessdate=20 April 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockCopperCashNotes"/>
<ref name="SandrockSilverTaelNotes">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Ching_Dynasty_Silver_Tael_Notes_-_Part_III.pdf|title=IMPERIAL CHINESE CURRENCY OF THE TAI'PING REBELLION - PART III - CH'ING DYNASTY SILVER TAEL NOTES by John E. Sandrock.|date=1997|accessdate=29 June 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockSilverTaelNotes"/>
<ref name="CambridgeInflation">{{cite web|url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/hsienfeng-inflation/54A8F1ADDC871CC18F4DCFA828730DEB|title= The Hsien-Fêng Inflation (Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009).|date=October 1958|accessdate=28 July 2019|author= Jerome Ch'ên|publisher= [[SOAS University of London]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="CambridgeInflation"/>
<ref name="Brill2015">[https://www.academia.edu/28400259/_Silver_Copper_Rice_and_Debt_Monetary_Policy_and_Office_Selling_in_China_during_the_Taiping_Rebellion_in_Money_in_Asia_1200_1900_Small_Currencies_in_Social_and_Political_Contexts_ed._by_Jane_Kate_Leonard_and_Ulrich_Theobald_Leiden_Brill_2015_343-395 “Silver, Copper, Rice, and Debt: Monetary Policy and Office Selling in China during the Taiping Rebellion,” in Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, ed.] by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald, [[Leiden]]: Brill, 2015, 343-395.</ref>
<ref name="Brill2015"/>
<ref name="HoreshQing">{{cite web|url= https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-10-0622-7_54-1|title= The Monetary System of China under the Qing Dynasty.|date=28 September 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|author= [[Niv Horesh]]|publisher= [[Springer Nature|Springer Link]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="HoreshQing"/>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeQianzhuang">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/qianzhuang.html|title= ''qianzhuang'' 錢莊, private banks.|date=24 November 2015|accessdate=9 August 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeQianzhuang"/>
<ref name="WangYanfenRiskControl">{{cite web|url= http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/ibm/article/view/10849|title= The Risk Control of Qianzhuang.|date=26 December 2018
|accessdate=16 September 2019|author= Wang Yanfen, Doctoral student. School of Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics, [[Beijing], [[China]]. (Received 16 September 2018; accepted 22 November 2018) - [http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/ibm/article/view/10849/pdf .pdf]|publisher= Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture and Canadian Research and Development Centre of Sciences and Cultures|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="WangYanfenRiskControl"/>
<ref name="FEEHyperinflationOrigins1988">{{cite web|url= https://fee.org/articles/origins-of-the-chinese-hyperinflation/|title= Origins of the Chinese Hyperinflation.|date=1 September 1988|accessdate=19 September 2019|author= Mr. Habegger is a student at the University of Colorado in Boulder. He was a summer intern at FEE in 1986.|publisher= [[Foundation for Economic Education]] (FEE)|language=en}}</ref>
* <ref name="FEEHyperinflationOrigins1988"/>
Standard reference templates
September 2018.
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<ref name="primaltrek">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/poemcoin.html#twenty_mints|title= .|date=31 March 2013|accessdate= September 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeQingPeriodMoney">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/money-qing-pul.html|title= Qing Period Money.|date=13 April 2016|accessdate=22 September 2018|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="YKLeungKangHsiTungPao">{{cite web|url= |title= K'ang Hsi T'ung Pao ( 1661 ~ 1722 A.D. ) - Part X.|date=2018|accessdate=22 September 2018|author= Y.K. Leung|publisher= Tripod.com|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2018|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="primaltrek">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/poemcoin.html#twenty_mints|title= .|date=31 March 2013|accessdate= September 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeQingPeriodMoney">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/money-qing-pul.html|title= Qing Period Money.|date=13 April 2016|accessdate=22 September 2018|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="YKLeungKangHsiTungPao">{{cite web|url= |title= K'ang Hsi T'ung Pao ( 1661 ~ 1722 A.D. ) - Part X.|date=2018|accessdate=22 September 2018|author= Y.K. Leung|publisher= Tripod.com|language=en}}</ref>
September 2019.
<ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="GlobalTimesShanghaiMoneyShops">{{cite web|url= http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/778840.shtml|title= The rise and fall of money shops.|date=2013-5-2 17:33:00|accessdate=10 September 2019|author= Zhang Yu|publisher= [[Global Times]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="GlobalTimesShanghaiMoneyShops">{{cite web|url= http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/778840.shtml|title= The rise and fall of money shops.|date=2 May 2013|accessdate=10 September 2019|author= Zhang Yu|publisher= [[Global Times]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="DukeEastAsiaNexusChinese1935CurrencyReform">{{cite web|url= http://www.dukenex.us/noah-elbot-chinas-1935-currency-reform.html|title= China's 1935 Currency Reform: A Nascent Success Cut Short By Noah Elbot.|date=2019|accessdate=15 September 2019|author= Noah Elbot|publisher= Duke East Asia Nexus ([[Duke University]]).|language=en}}</ref>
August 2019.
<ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeQianzhuang">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/qianzhuang.html|title= ''qianzhuang'' 錢莊, private banks.|date=24 November 2015|accessdate=9 August 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="YunLiuHankouQianzhuang">{{cite web|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328319998_A_City_of_Commerce_and_its_Native_Banks_Hankou_Qianzhuang_1800s-1952|title= A City of Commerce and its Native Banks: Hankou Qianzhuang (1800s-1952).|date=August 2013|accessdate=17 August 2019|author= Yum Liu|publisher= [[ResearchGate]]|language=en}}</ref>
July 2019.
<ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= July 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgePaperMoney">{{cite web|url= http://chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/papermoney.html|title= Paper Money in Premodern China.|date=10 May 2016|accessdate=27 March 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgePaperMoney"/>
<ref name="QingPaperMoney">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/money-qing-baochao.html|title= Qing Period Paper Money.|date=13 April 2016|accessdate=27 March 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="QingPaperMoney"/>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes1">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Foreign_Banks_in_China_Part-I.pdf|title= THE FOREIGN BANKS IN CHINA, PART I - EARLY IMPERIAL ISSUES (1850-1900) by John E. Sandrock - The Opening of China to the Outside World.|date=1997|accessdate=1 April 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes1"/>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes2">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Foreign_Banks_in_China_Part-II.pdf|title=FOREIGN BANKS IN CHINA, Part II - IMPERIAL CHINESE ISSUES (1900-1911) by John E. Sandrock.|date=1997|accessdate=10 April 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockForeignBanknotes2"/>
<ref name="SandrockCopperCashNotes">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Ching_Dynasty_Copper_Cash_Notes_-_Part_II.pdf|title=IMPERIAL CHINESE CURRENCY OF THE TAI'PING REBELLION - Part II - CH'ING DYNASTY COPPER CASH NOTES by John E. Sandrock.|date=1997|accessdate=20 April 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockCopperCashNotes"/>
<ref name="SandrockSilverTaelNotes">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Ching_Dynasty_Silver_Tael_Notes_-_Part_III.pdf|title=IMPERIAL CHINESE CURRENCY OF THE TAI'PING REBELLION - PART III - CH'ING DYNASTY SILVER TAEL NOTES by John E. Sandrock.|date=1997|accessdate=29 June 2019|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher= The Currency Collector.|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="SandrockSilverTaelNotes"/>
<ref name="CambridgeInflation">{{cite web|url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/hsienfeng-inflation/54A8F1ADDC871CC18F4DCFA828730DEB|title= The Hsien-Fêng Inflation (Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009).|date=October 1958|accessdate=28 July 2019|author= Jerome Ch'ên|publisher= [[SOAS University of London]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="CambridgeInflation"/>
<ref name="Brill2015">[https://www.academia.edu/28400259/_Silver_Copper_Rice_and_Debt_Monetary_Policy_and_Office_Selling_in_China_during_the_Taiping_Rebellion_in_Money_in_Asia_1200_1900_Small_Currencies_in_Social_and_Political_Contexts_ed._by_Jane_Kate_Leonard_and_Ulrich_Theobald_Leiden_Brill_2015_343-395 “Silver, Copper, Rice, and Debt: Monetary Policy and Office Selling in China during the Taiping Rebellion,” in Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, ed.] by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald, [[Leiden]]: Brill, 2015, 343-395.</ref>
<ref name="Brill2015"/>
<ref name="HoreshQing">{{cite web|url= https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-10-0622-7_54-1|title= The Monetary System of China under the Qing Dynasty.|date=28 September 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|author= [[Niv Horesh]]|publisher= [[Springer Nature|Springer Link]]|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="HoreshQing"/>
<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeQianzhuang">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/qianzhuang.html|title= ''qianzhuang'' 錢莊, private banks.|date=24 November 2015|accessdate=9 August 2019|author= Ulrich Theobald|publisher= [[Chinaknowledge]].de|language=en}}</ref>
Alright, I've been working on Chinese currencies for years and I still don't get the Qing Dynasty and Republican currency systems. So 1 串 = 10 角 = 100 分 / 仙 = 1000 文, and also 1 兩 = 10 角 = 100 分 / 仙 = 1000 文, and 1 圓 / 元 = 10 角 = 100 分 / 仙 = 1000 文. So 串, 兩, and 圓 seem interchangeable to me, but for whatever reason it's not uncommon for the same bank to issue banknotes denominated in 串, 兩, and 圓. And how is the 吊文 different from the 串文? -- 徵國單 (討論 🀄) (方孔錢 💴) 2019年9月13日 (五) 18:39 (UTC)
In short, there is no relationship between 串, 兩, and 圓.
If a banknote denominated in 串, it denominated in cast cash coins铜钱. The equation of "1 串 = 10 角 = 100 分 / 仙 = 1000 文" is wrong, the right relations is "1 串 ≈ 1000 文". A standard cash(小平钱) valve 1 文 (wen ,cash). for the "串", you can see the article of "String of cash coins (currency unit)"
If a banknote denominated in 兩, it denominated in the weight of silver银两. "1 兩 = 10 钱 = 100 分 = 1000 厘", all of the units are units of weight rather than units of currency.
If a banknote denominated in 圓, it denominated in the modern silver coins 银元. "1 圓 / 元 = 10 角 = 100 分 / 仙 = 1000 厘 / 文", the units of "仙" and "文" usually only appear in Cantonese.--苞米(☎)💴 2019年9月14日 (六) 04:40 (UTC)
Wow, thanks a lot for the clarification, do you have a source? (especially online) so I can use this in an article for clarification? -- 徵國單 (討論 🀄) (方孔錢 💴) 2019年9月14日 (六) 17:59 (UTC)
There is a Chinese article of 论我国现代货币单位“元、角、分”体系的确立 from 史学月刊(Journal of Historical Science):
铜钱为国家铸币（明清两代称本朝官铸钱为“制钱”），计数单位为“文”，辅助单位百、千（或串、吊、贯）
The copper coins were minted by the government (The cast cash coins minted by their own dynasty were called as "standard cash" during Ming and Qing dynastys), the unit of cash coin is "文"(wen/cash), superunits included hundred(百), thousand(千), thousand(千) can also be called as 串, 吊 or 贯.
贵金属货币白银由民间自由铸造，称量单位是“两”，辅助单位有钱、分、厘
Silver, as precious metal currency, was allowed to be cast by the public, its base unit was "两"（liang/tael）, and subunits included mace(钱/qian), candareen(分/fen), li(厘).
"分" is very common in traditional Chinese measurement system, it is 1/100 of 尺(Chi, Chinese foot) as a unit of length, and 1/100 of 两 (tael) as a unit of weight, and 1/100 of 畝 (Mu, Chinese acre) as a unit of area. After 元/圓/Yuan/Dollar was accepted as a currency unit, "分" was also used as a currency unit which valved 1/100 of 元/圓/Yuan/Dollar and could be translated as "cent" in English.--苞米(☎)💴 2019年9月15日 (日) 01:32 (UTC)
Thank you very much (謝謝您). -- 徵國單 (討論 🀄) (方孔錢 💴) 2019年9月16日 (一) 07:24 (UTC)
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Currency units of banknotes of the Qing dynasty
Template created. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:23, 15 September 2019 (UTC).
The new version of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 17 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 18 September. It will be on all wikis from 19 September (calendar).
You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on 18 September at 15:00 (UTC). See how to join.