Template:Accessory bones of the wrist - references

References
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Os centrale:

Location and shape:
- Madeira G, Napoli A, Moline T, Martin E, Oria S, Bruno C. (2013-09-26). "Osteonecrosis of the os centrale carpi". Euro Rad. DOI:10.1594/EURORAD/CASE.10881.
Prevalence: 0.3% to 1.6%.:
- (2014). "Bipartite os Centrale Carpi in a Patient with the First Metacarpal Bone Fracture". Archives of Plastic Surgery 41 (1): 98. DOI:10.5999/aps.2014.41.1.98. ISSN 2234-6163.
Prevalence: 1.3% (right wrist) and 2.1% (left wrist):
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os vesalianum:

Location and shape:
- Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.
Prevalence: 0.1
- C. Pop; Cluj-Napoca/RO (2014). Mapping the extras: Supernumerary bones of the limbs. or 0.3
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os radiale externum

Location and shape:
- Levente István Lánczi. Os radiale externum. Retrieved on 2017-11-03.
1% on right hand, 0.9% on left:
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os epitrapezium

Os epilunatum

Location and shape:
- (2015). "Bilateral Symptomatic Os Epilunatum: A Case Report". Journal of Wrist Surgery 04 (01): 068–070. DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1543978. ISSN 2163-3916.
0.3% on the right hand, 0.3% on the left
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os hypolunatum

Os hypotriquetrum

Location and shape:
- (2008). "Anatomical variation of co-existence of 4th and 5th short metacarpal bones, sesamoid ossicles and exostoses of ulna and radius in the same hand: a case report". Cases Journal 1 (1): 281. DOI:10.1186/1757-1626-1-281. ISSN 1757-1626.
0.5%
- Tzaveas et al. (same as for location and shape).
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os triangulare

1% on the right hand, 0.9% on the left.
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.
Location and shape:
- Henry Knipe. Os triangulare. Radiopaedia. Retrieved on 2017-11-03.

Os ulnostyloideum

Location and shape:
- (2009). "The crowded wrist-a case with accessory carpal bones". Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 70 (1): 96–98. DOI:10.3109/17453679909000970. ISSN 0001-6470.
1.5% on the right hand, 2.4% on the left.
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Trapezium secundarium:

0.5% on the right hand, 2.1% on the left.
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.
Location and shape:
- File:Os trapezium secundarium 53jm - CT cor und VR 001.jpg by Hellerhoff, 5 December 2015

Os styloideum

Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Location and shape:
- (2010). "Achados de imagem por tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética do os styloideum em atleta sintomático". Radiologia Brasileira 43 (3): 207–209. DOI:10.1590/S0100-39842010000300014. ISSN 0100-3984.

Capitatum secundarium

Paratrapezium

0.3% on the right hand, 0.9% on the left
- Natsis et al., see list bottom.
Location and shape:
- Roberto Schubert. Os paratrapezium. Radiopaedia. Retrieved on 2017-11-04.

Os ulnare externum

Pisiforme secundarium

Epitrapezium

Natsis et al.:

Poster Abstracts. Association for Sports Medicine of Serbia (Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije) (2006). Retrieved on 2017-11-03., citing: Natsis K., Beletsiotis A., Terzidis I., Gigis P.. A study of the accessory bones of the foot. Incidence in the Greek population-clinical significance.

Roche Lexikon:

Handwurzelknochen (bones of the wrist). Roche Lexicon. Retrieved on 2017-11-01.

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