File:Early craniofacial patterning and development.jpg
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| Description | Figure 1. Early craniofacial patterning and development. (A–G) Scanning electron micrographs of shark (A,C,D) and mouse (B,E–G) embryos. (A) Neurulation in a shark. NF, neural fold; NE, neurectoderm; SCE, surface cephalic ectoderm. (B) Fungible, trigeminal cranial neural crest (CNC) fills BA1 and the FNP. E9.25 mouse embryo. Hox–: blue. Hox+: yellow arrows entering BA2 from R4, orange entering BA3 from R6. Red T-bars indicate the apoptotic culling of R3 and R5 CNC. (C,D) SCE and PE in the BA of a hemisected shark embryo. 1–6, BA number. PC1–3, pharyngeal clefts 1–3 (SCE). PP1–5, pharyngeal pouches 1–5 (PE). PPt1/3, pharyngeal plates. lavender, mdBA1; yellow, mxBA1; red, optic primordia; light blue, FNP; dark blue, otic pit; orange, BA2. (E) E10.5 mouse embryo showing the topography of the craniofacial primordia, the hinge region and λ (the lambdoidal junction). IsO, isthmic organizer; tel, telencephalon; hrt, heart; lFNP, lateral frontonasal process; mFNP, medial frontonasal process; V, trigeminal ganglion. Colour as above. (F) E11.5 mouse embryo (with the lower jaw primordia removed) showing the embryonic primordia of the λ and correlated anatomical boundaries. The converging white arrows indicate the invaginating external nares and internal (primary) choanae whose infoldings must unite and perforate to form a nasal cavity (fossa) that communicates directly with the lower respiratory system via a nasopharynx. a, internasal line (frontal groove); b, naso-stomodeal line; c, dorsal intranasal line; d, ventral intranasal line (nasal fin); e, nasolacrimal line (groove); f, oronasal groove (medial-choanal line); g, stomodeo-palatal line. (G) E11.5 mouse embryo highlighting positions of epithelial-epithelial apposition. h, ridge of optical furrow from which the lower eyelid will sprout; i, mxBA1-mdBA1 fusion at the oral commissure; j, first pharyngeal cleft and plate; k, opercular ridge of BA2 and epipericardial ridge with which it fuses; l, cervical sinus; m, recently pinched off lens; n, nasolacrimal groove; o, nasal fin; p, mentum (mdBa1-mdBA1); q, mFNP-mxBA1. (H) Schematic of prototypical vertebrate chondrocranium and the inherent polarity of it jaws. ncr, neurocranium; RC, Reichert’s cartilage; HINGE, circle at articulation; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; PQ, palatoquadrate cartilage. (I) Schema of the inherent polarity of appositional jaws. (J) Orientation of hinge and caps topography on an E10 mouse embryo. opt, optic primordia; Vg, trigeminal ganglion; FEZ, facial (frontonasal) ectodermal zone which helps integrate the frontonasal midline; oe, oral ectoderm. (K) Topography of epithelial signaling from the hinge (blue) and caps (red) signaling centres. (L) Modularity due to polarity in jaw development. Apposing gradients of signaling information create modules (here, 1–4) within the developing jaw primordia. |
| Date | |
| Source | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.717404/full Compagnucci C, Martinus K, Griffin J and Depew MJ (2021) Programmed Cell Death Not as Sledgehammer but as Chisel: Apoptosis in Normal and Abnormal Craniofacial Patterning and Development. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9:717404. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717404 |
| Author | Compagnucci C, Martinus K, Griffin J and Depew MJ |
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© 2021 Compagnucci, Martinus, Griffin and Depew. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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| current | 11:12, 5 November 2024 | | 1,772 × 1,298 (1.18 MB) | Rasbak (talk | contribs) | {{Information |description=Figure 1. Early craniofacial patterning and development. (A–G) Scanning electron micrographs of shark (A,C,D) and mouse (B,E–G) embryos. (A) Neurulation in a shark. NF, neural fold; NE, neurectoderm; SCE, surface cephalic ectoderm. (B) Fungible, trigeminal cranial neural crest (CNC) fills BA1 and the FNP. E9.25 mouse embryo. Hox–: blue. Hox+: yellow arrows entering BA2 from R4, orange entering BA3 from R6. Red T-bars indicate the apoptotic culling of R3 and R5 CNC.... |
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