File:Development of arms and tentacles in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis.jpg
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Figure 1. Development of arms and tentacles in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. (A) Phylogenetic relationships of Mollusca based on phylogenomic data (Smith et al., 2011) illustrating the unique morphology of the cephalopod body plan compared to other mollusks. (B) OPT reconstruction of a cuttlefish hatchling showing positions of the limbs; only arms are visible (see also Figure 1—video 1). (C to D), SEM of the ventral side of a cuttlefish arm (C) and tentacle (D). Suckers are pseudocolored blue. Note distal restriction of suckers in tentacle relative to arm. (E) OPT reconstruction illustrating the internally retracted tentacles. Specimens are same as in (B), but here the tentacles are displayed in orange and the rest of the tissue is rendered translucent (see also Figure 1—video 2). (F and G) Phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) immunostaining at stage 15 shows localized clusters of proliferating cells at the onset of limb development (black arrowheads) but little proliferation in the interlimb region (open arrowhead). (F) PHH3 detection by colorimetric reaction with DAB in a whole mount. (G) PHH3 immunofluorescence (red) on limb cryosection (white bracket). Cell nuclei (blue) are labeled by Hoechst staining. (H-L) OPT reconstructions of cuttlefish embryos at stages 16 to 24. Cuttlefishes have five bilaterally symmetric limb pairs (ten limbs; eighth arms and two tentacles). Numbered arrowheads mark all five limbs/limb buds on the left side of each embryo. The left tentacle differentiates from position number four (orange arrowhead), whereas arms form from limb buds at the other positions (yellow arrowheads). See also Figure 1—videos 3—5. A, anterior; P, posterior; D, dorsal; V, ventral; Stm, stomodeum; Mnt, mantle. (M to O) SEM during early stages of cuttlefish limb development (stages 16 to 19). Morphogenesis of the limb is first observed as a slight swelling (M) that transforms into a limb bud (O) as proximodistal outgrowth progresses. D, dorsal; V, ventral. (P–S), SEM at later stages of cuttlefish limb development (stages 21 to 25) showing the formation of sucker buds on the ventral surface of a developing limb. A primordial sucker band (yellow arrows) is observed along the ventral midline of a stage 21 limb bud (P). At later stages, the band cleaves superficially from the proximal end to form the sucker buds (pseudocolored blue in Q to S). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (C and D) and 100 μm (M to S). |
| Date | |
| Source | https://elifesciences.org/articles/43828 Oscar A Tarazona Davys H Lopez Leslie A Slota Martin J Cohn (2019) Evolution of limb development in cephalopod mollusks eLife 8:e43828. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43828 |
| Author | Oscar A Tarazona Davys H Lopez Leslie A Slota Martin J Cohn |
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© 2019, Tarazona et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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| current | 11:17, 16 November 2024 | | 1,029 × 1,500 (411 KB) | Rasbak (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description=Figure 1. Development of arms and tentacles in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. (A) Phylogenetic relationships of Mollusca based on phylogenomic data (Smith et al., 2011) illustrating the unique morphology of the cephalopod body plan compared to other mollusks. (B) OPT reconstruction of a cuttlefish hatchling showing positions of the limbs; only arms are visible (see also Figure 1—video 1). (C to D), SEM of the ventral side of a cuttlefish arm (C) and tentacle (D... |
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