File:Шпак харчується борозняком.webm

English: The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758) from the genus Sturnus (Sturnus Linnaeus, 1756) in the family Starling (Sturnidae Rafinesque, 1815)

Common starling is a widespread bird species. Although the starling is native to Eurasia, it has been introduced to other continents, where it has taken root, displacing native species, thanks to its ability to adapt to different habitats. This bird is known for its bright plumage, social behavior, and melodious song.
Common starlings have a characteristic appearance. A medium-sized bird, about 20 cm long. Shiny black plumage with a metallic sheen that can change to greenish or purple depending on the lighting. In winter, white spots appear on the feathers. In summer, the beak is bright yellow, and in winter it becomes darker.
Starlings live in a variety of environments. They can be found in cities, parks, gardens, fields, and forests. They often nest in tree cavities, buildings or specially created birdhouses.
Starlings are omnivorous birds. The main diet consists of insects, in particular beetles, larvae, flies, caterpillars, moths, cicadas, as well as spiders, snails and small lizards. Starling chicks are fed insects. During the fruiting season, they actively feed on berries and fruits, as well as seeds. A large flock of starlings can surround a garden or a berry orchard.
Starlings are known for their social behavior. They often form large flocks, especially during migrations. They have a complex and melodious song, able to imitate the sounds of other birds and even human voices. Starlings are migratory birds that winter in warmer regions.
Common starlings play an important role in nature. They help reduce the pest population by feeding on insects. By eating the fruits, they contribute to the spread of plant seeds. The common starling is an important component of many ecosystems and a cultural icon of many countries. Its ability to adapt to a variety of environments and its social behavior make it one of the most successful birds in the world.
Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha Linnaeus, 1758) from the genus Cockchafer (Melolontha Fabricius, 1775) in the family Scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802)

Cockchafer also known as the Maybug, Maybeetle, or doodlebug - the western May beetle (Melolontha melolontha) is mostly widespread on the territory of Ukraine - one of the largest European lamellar beetles with a very wide, convex body about 3 cm long. Brownish on top and black on the bottom and on the head, crocuses are extremely variable in color. Their size, noise, triangular spots on the abdominal segments, long antennae, a small, elongated head, oval-convex elytra with narrow ribs, interesting wrinkles and spots, well-visible hairs give them away. Activity in the morning and in the evening distinguishes them from many relatives.
May beetles are seasonal beetles, appear in May and disappear by the end of June (2-3 weeks earlier in the south), feed on the leaves of deciduous trees in the forest and thickets. In the garden, they can "settle" on maple, willow, walnut, hazel. They actively flock to artificial light.
But harmful May beetles are not exactly eating leaves. Females find areas of uncovered soil that warms up well in the sun, burrow into the ground and lay clutches of oval eggs to a depth of 2-4 cm, the large size of which - up to 3 mm - also hints at the huge size of the larvae, which live for 3-4 years before metamorphosis years. The larvae, known as "chafer grubs" or "white grubs", hatch four to six weeks after being laid as eggs.
At the first stage of development, the roach larvae are small, dirty white, and the worms quickly turn into fat, hook-shaped, curved white larvae with a brownish head, on which huge brown jaws, three pairs of legs, and a hard chitinous shell are clearly visible. In the first year, the larvae feed on humus, and then on everything that is in the ground - roots, roots, and tubers. They are not particularly fussy; they devour and gnaw everything that comes their way. Before transformation, the larvae grow to a length of more than 6 cm. Only in the fourth year (in the south - in the third), in June-July, a yellowish-brown free pupa is formed in a kind of earthen cradle for 30-40 days. In the warm season, under favorable weather from May to September, the larvae rise to the upper layer of the earth, but in winter it deepens by several meters. During soil cultivation in spring or autumn, they are often not detected, because in the cold the larvae burrow 40-50 cm below the bayonet of the shovel.
Adult beetles are leaf-eating pests of all berry, fruit bushes and trees, hazel, walnut, which theoretically can completely eat all the leaves on young trees. Nevertheless, they often settle on large trees and not on garden species. Compared to the underground activity of the larvae, they do relatively little harm.
Root damage can completely destroy even young trees. And for vegetables, greens, herbaceous annuals and perennials, such overeating is almost a sentence. From apple trees to conifers, hydrangeas, strawberries, cucumbers, lettuce, hostas or lawns, they harm all plants. And wherever they were. And with each month, each year of the larva's development, the damage it causes increases exponentially (what a two-year-old can eat in a week, a three-year-old can eat in a day).

English: The starling feeds on the larva