Ferns

Ferns are vascular plants that use spores for reproduction.

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Scientific classification distinguishes between "true ferns" and several closely related types of plants known as "fern allies". The corresponding divisions in the plant kingdom are:

• Pteridophyta - "true ferns"
• Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses, spikemosses and quillworts
• Equisetophyta - horsetails and scouring-rushes
• Psilotophyta - whisk ferns
• Ophioglossophyta - adders-tongues and moonworts