Cephalanthera longifolia

Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Cephalanthera longifolia']

• English: Sword-leaved helleborine
• مصرى: سيفالانثيرا لونجيفوليا
• azərbaycanca: Uzunyarpaq tozbaş səhləb
• беларуская: Пылкагалоўнік даўгалісты
• български: Дълголистен главопрашник
• català: Curraià blanc
• corsu: Mughettu
• čeština: okrotice dlouholistá
• Cymraeg: Y galdrist gulddail
• dansk: Sværdskovlilje
• Deutsch: Langblättriges Waldvöglein
• eesti: Valge tolmpea
• suomi: miekkavalkku
• français: Céphalanthère à feuilles étroites
• galego: Chaveiro branco
• עברית: סחלבן החורש
• hornjoserbsce: Mječikojta ptačulinka
• magyar: kardos madársisak
• italiano: Cefalantera maggiore
• Lëtzebuergesch: Laangbliederege Bëschvillchen
• lietuvių: Kardalapis garbenis
• latviešu: Garlapu cefalantēra
• norsk bokmål: Hvit skogfrue
• Nederlands: Wit bosvogeltje
• norsk nynorsk: Kvit ogfrue
• norsk: Hvit skogfrue
• polski: Buławnik mieczolistny
• русский: Булатка длиннолистная
• svenska: Vit skogslilja
• українська: Булатка довголиста
• 中文: 金兰, 头蕊兰, 长叶头蕊兰
• 中文（中国大陆）: 头蕊兰
• 中文（简体）: 头蕊兰, 长叶头蕊兰

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: Angiosperms • Cladus: monocots • Ordo: Asparagales • Familia: Orchidaceae • Subfamilia: Epidendroideae • Tribus: Neottieae • Genus: Cephalanthera • Species: Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch (1888)

Synonyms

Basionym Serapias helleborine var. longifolia L., Sp. Pl.: 950 (1753) Homotypic synonyms Serapias grandiflora L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 594 (1767) Serapias longifolia (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 202 (1772) Serapias lonchophyllum L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 405 (1782) Serapias xiphophyllum Ehrh. ex L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 404 (1782) Serapias nivea Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 52 (1787) Epipactis grandiflora (L.) Sm., Engl. Bot.: 271 (1795) Cymbidium xiphophyllum (Ehrh. ex L.f.) Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 226 (1799) Epipactis pallens Sw., Neues J. Bot. 1: 65 (1805) Epipactis xiphophylla (Ehrh. ex L.f.) Sw., Neues J. Bot. 1: 65 (1805) Serapias pallida Wahlenb., Fl. Carpat. Princ.: 291 (1814) Cephalanthera pallens Rich., De Orchid. Eur.: 38 (1817) Cephalanthera grandiflora Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 210 (1821) Cephalanthera lonchophylla Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: t. 119 (1851) Cephalanthera xiphophyllum Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 135 (1851) Limodorum grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891) Limodorum longifolium (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891) Cephalanthera longifolia f. angustifolia Maire & Weiller in R.C.J.Maire, Fl. Afr. Nord 6: 359 (1959) Heterotypic synonyms Serapias grandiflora var. ensifolia L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 404 (1782) Serapias ensifolia (L.f.) Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 815 (1784) Epipactis grandifolia All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 152 (1785) Epipactis ensifolia F.W.Schmidt, Samml. Phys.-Ökon. Aufs. 1: 251 (1795) Epipactis pallida Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 232 (1800) Cephalanthera ensifolia Rich., De Orchid. Eur.: 38 (1817), nom. illeg. Cephalanthera acuminata Wall. ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 412 (1840) Cephalanthera maravignae Tineo in G.Gussone, Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 877 (1844) Cephalanthera thomsonii Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 54 (1876) Cephalanthera ensifolia var. maravignae (Tineo) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 687 (1882) Cephalanthera longifolia var. gibbosa Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 85 (1882) Cephalanthera angustifolia Simonk., Enum. Fl. Transsilv.: 505 (1887) Limodorum acuminatum (Wall. ex Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891) Epipactis longifolia var. longibracteata Harz in D.F.L.von Schlechtendal, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5, 4: 330 (1896) Epipactis longifolia var. pilosa Harz in D.F.L.von Schlechtendal, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5, 4: 330 (1896) Cephalanthera longifolia f. longibracteata (Harz) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 877 (1907) Cephalanthera longifolia f. pumila Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 876 (1907) Epipactis longifolia var. gibbosa (Boiss.) W.Zimm., Form. Orch. Deut.: 81 (1912) Cephalanthera xiphophyllum var. latifolia Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 5: 239 (1914) Cephalanthera mairei Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 58 (1919) Cephalanthera longifolia f. pilosa (Harz) Soó, Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 114 (1928) Cephalanthera ensifolia var. cesari-gonzalezii Rivas Goday & Bellot, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 6: 191 (1948) Cephalanthera ensifolia var. acuminata (Wall. ex Lindl.) Tang & F.T.Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 67 (1951) Cephalanthera longifolia f. latifolia (Maire) Maire & Weiller in R.C.J.Maire, Fl. Afr. Nord 6: 359 (1959) Cephalanthera longifolia var. latifolia (Maire) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez, Orquíd. Prov. Albacete: 55 (1987) Cephalanthera longifolia var. rosea Perko, Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 19: 9 (2002) Cephalanthera conferta (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz, Eurorchis 17: 104 (2005) Cephalanthera longifolia subsp. conferta B.Baumann & H.Baumann, J. Eur. Orch. 37: 249 (2005)

Natural habitats

• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Hesse
  Darmstadt-Dieburg
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Romania - Cartisoara
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Durmersheim (bei Karlsruhe)

Images of the whole plant

• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Romania - Cartisoara
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Italy - Genova
  Piani di Praglia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Alb-Wutach
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Alb-Wutach
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  not quite fully open
  Spain - Alpujarras
• 
  A Guixers (Solsonès - Catalunya)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Austria - Ausserfern
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Switzerland -
  Kanton Bern -
  Schynige Platte
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Turkey,
  Hatay province, Samandağ
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Turkey,
  Hatay province, Samandağ
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Austria - Niederösterreich
  Alpenostrand
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Austria - Niederösterreich
  Alpenostrand
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France - Fréjus
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France - Lurais (Indre)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Lilienthal (Kaiserstuhl)
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Durmersheim (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Durmersheim (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Gut Scheibenhardt (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Untergrombach
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Zeutern
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Zeutern
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France - Dalhunden
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Ersingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Ersingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Ersingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Ersingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Hüfingen
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Stühlingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Stühlingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Stühlingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Stühlingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Italy - San Marzano Oliveto
• 
  Italy, near Limone sul Garda

Inflorescences

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  A Lladorre (Pallars Sobirà - Catalunya)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Portugal - Algarve
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Alb-Wutach
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France - Lurais (Indre)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Italy - Genova
  Piani di Praglia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Lower Austria
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Portugal - Alcobaça
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France -Dordogne
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France -Dordogne
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France -Dordogne
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Portugal -
  Serra d'Arrábida
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Zeutern
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Zeutern
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Ersingen
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Ersingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Hüfingen
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Stühlingen
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Durmersheim (bei Karlsruhe)

Flowers

• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Austria - Ausserfern
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Stühlingen
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France - Lurais (Indre)
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Switzerland
  Kanton Wallis
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Česko Přírodní park Baba
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Italy - Genova
  Piani di Praglia
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Italy - Genova
  Piani di Praglia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Italy - Genova
  Piani di Praglia

Buds

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  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Turkey

Leaves

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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Italy - Genova
  Piani di Praglia
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  Germany - Neuforchheim (bei Karlsruhe)
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  Cephalanthera longifolia
  France - Valbelle

[[:Category:Cephalanthera longifolia (fruit)|Capsules (fruit)]]

• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia

Botanical illustrations

• 
  Cephalanthera longifolia
  (as syn.
  Cephalanthera pallens)
  plate 5 in:
  Henry Correvon:
  Album des orchidées de l'Europe centrale et septentrionale
  Genève (1899)
• 

  Cephalanthera longifolia
  (as syn.
  Cephalanthera ensifolia)
  Tafel 56 in:
  Walter Müller:
  Abbildungen der in Deutschland und den angrenzenden Gebieten vorkommenden Grundformen der Orchideenarten
  Berlin (1904)

Native distribution areas

Reference: Brummitt, R.K. (2001) TDGW - World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition Cephalanthera longifolia world distribution Europe Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands,† Poland, Switzerland. Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine. Africa Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. Asia-Temperate Siberia West Siberia. Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Uzbekistan. Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Western Asia Afghanistan, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey. China China South-Central, China North-Central, China Southeast, Tibet. Eastern Asia Japan, Taiwan. Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent Assam, East Himalaya, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya.

References

Description of taxon

• Fritsch, K. (1888) Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 38: 81.

Selected Bibliography

• Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) (2006) Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 496 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198507127
  

Selected Weblinks

Wikispecies has an entry on: Cephalanthera longifolia.

• eMonocot link: Cephalanthera longifolia
• Tropicos link: Cephalanthera longifolia
• International Plant Names Index link: Cephalanthera longifolia