File:Water Supply and Irrigation Papers of the United States Geological Survey (1909) (14780695501).jpg

Identifier: watersupplyirrig224unit (find matches)
Title: Water Supply and Irrigation Papers of the United States Geological Survey
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: United States Geological Survey
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Contributing Library: Clemson University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation

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ock lies 1,500 feet below the surface at Capa and1,770 feet below at Nowlin. It is overlain by about 1,000 feet of Ben-ton and Niobrara, but the thickness of these beds was not determi-nable from the meager reports of the materials penetrated in boring.The 2,500-foot boring northeast of Rosebud entered the Pierre shaleat 350 feet and passed through that formation and underlying bedsto the Dakota sandstone, as shown in the record on page 132. TERTIARY DEPOSITS. The higher lands of south-central South Dakota are mantled bydeposits of Oligocene and Miocene age. These reach a maximumthickness of about 600 feet near the head of South Fork of WhiteRiver, but the amount is much less in most other portions of the area.The deposits lie on the Pierre shale except for local overlaps onto theFox Hills sandstone at the head of Bad River and onto the Niobraraformation in the uplift south of Slim Buttes. It is probable that origi-nally the entire region was covered by Tertiary deposits that extended
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GEOLOGY OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA. 27 far to the northeast and west. This is indicated by the presence of outliers, notably those high on the slopes of the Black Hills. The Tertiary consists of two principal subdivisions—the WhiteRiver group (Oligocene) below and the Arikaree formation (Miocene)above—the distribution of which is shown on the geologic map(PL I). To the east and north the White River group thins and isoverlapped by the Arikaree, apparently owing to progressively greatererosion of the former before the latter was deposited. The White River group has been studied mainly in the Big Bad-lands between Cheyenne and White rivers, where three principalsubdivisions were recognized—the lower one the Chadron formationor so-called Titanotlierium beds (see PI. VII), the middle the Bruleclay or so-called Oreodon beds, and the upper a series of clays under-lain by the Protoceras sandstone (see Pis. VIII, A, and IX, A), asit has been called. In the Brule clays there is at many

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