File:Viruses-06-02735-g001-1024.webp

English: Figure 1. Ideal timeline for construction of an MVA-based vaccine after a human case of infection with a novel respiratory virus. Influenza virus is used as an example. (1) After the emergence of a novel respiratory virus with the ability of infecting humans, (2) the virus is isolated (3) and the sequence of a target gene of interest is obtained within a week. (4) Subsequently, the gene of interest is cloned or simply synthesized and subcloned into an MVA shuttle vector plasmid. (5) This shuttle vector is then transfected in cells infected with MVA. Through homologous recombination the gene of interest is inserted into the MVA genome. (6) By serial plaque passages on CEF, a good laboratory practice (GLP) compliant rMVA is clonally isolated . The process from cloning to obtaining the rMVA takes about 6–12 weeks.