File:Vegetation of Oregon and Washington (1969) (20547704206).jpg

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Title: Vegetation of Oregon and Washington
Identifier: CAT92272720 (find matches)
Year: 1969 (1960s)
Authors: Franklin, Jerry F. cn; Dyrness, C. T
Subjects: Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology
Publisher: Portland, Or. : Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture
Contributing Library: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library
Digitizing Sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library

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Pinus albicaulis is present in most timber- line areas. However, it is unquestionably most important in more xeric regions — eastern and southern parts of the Cascade Range and Oka- nogan and Wallowa Mountains, or locally, on the eastern rain-shadow slopes of the major volcanoes such as Mount Rainier and Mount Hood. Pinus albicaulis is able to grow erect to higher elevations than either Abies lasiocarpa or Tsuga mertensiana although it will form krummholz at its upper limits. It sometimes functions as a pioneer tree species in invasion of meadow areas (Franklin and Mitchell 1967). The wingless seeds of Pinus albicaulis are distributed primarily by the Clark's nut- cracker (Nucifraga columbiana), a large jay, which consumes a portion of the seed crop and hoards the rest. Reproduction develops from the forgotten hoards (fig. 140). Their relationship is the same as that described for Pinus cembra-Nucifraga caryocatactes in the European Alps and for Pinus pumila- Nucifraga caryocatactes var. japonicus in Japan. Larix lyallii is, with rare exception, limited to the eastern half of the northern Cascade Range and Okanogan Mountains in Washing- ton. It occurs only at or near timberline in these areas and appears exceptionally well adapted to the environment (fig. 141). Larix lyallii typically grows to higher elevations than any of its associates and maintains an erect habit when other species are unable to grow or occur only as krummholz beneath the Larix. As a result, Larix lyallii stands often form a distinctive forest belt between forest and alpine; this belt is particularly conspic- uous during the fall as a swath of brilliant orange yellow. Many other species do occur in localized timberline areas. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis is a major krummholz species in parts of the Washington Cascade Range and northeastern Olympic Mountains. Pinus contorta is typical in more xeric timberline tracts in association with Pinus albicaulis. Picea engelmannii is oc- casional at timberline east of the Cascade crest. Abies amabilis is common below the tree line in the most maritime portions of the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains. Abies magnifica var. shastensis and Pinus monticola occupy similar sites in the southern Oregon Cascade Range (e.g., at Crater Lake).
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Figure 139. — Tsuga mertensiana is an important tim- berline tree species throughout most of the Cascade Range and Olympic Moun- tains. 165

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https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/20547704206/

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Franklin, Jerry F. cn;

Dyrness, C. T
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Flickr tags
InfoField
  • bookid:CAT92272720
  • bookyear:1969
  • bookdecade:1960
  • bookcentury:1900
  • bookauthor:Franklin_Jerry_F_cn
  • bookauthor:Dyrness_C_T
  • booksubject:Botany_Oregon_Ecology
  • booksubject:Botany_Washington_State_Ecology
  • bookpublisher:Portland_Or_Pacific_Northwest_Forest_and_Range_Experiment_Station_U_S_Dept_of_Agriculture
  • bookcontributor:U_S_Department_of_Agriculture_National_Agricultural_Library
  • booksponsor:U_S_Department_of_Agriculture_National_Agricultural_Library
  • bookleafnumber:177
  • bookcollection:usda_usfspacificnorthwestregion
  • bookcollection:usdanationalagriculturallibrary
  • bookcollection:fedlink
  • bookcollection:americana
  • bookcollection:biodiversity
  • BHL Collection
  • BHL Consortium
Flickr posted date
InfoField
14 August 2015



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current22:09, 15 August 2015Thumbnail for version as of 22:09, 15 August 20151,299 × 3,540 (1.85 MB) (talk | contribs)== {{int:filedesc}} == {{information |description={{en|1=<br> '''Title''': Vegetation of Oregon and Washington<br> '''Identifier''': CAT92272720 ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&fulltext=Search&search=i...

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