File:Tunguska explosion effect areas 1.png
Original file (1,955 × 1,641 pixels, file size: 4.16 MB, MIME type: image/png)
Captions
Captions
Summary
[edit]
| Description |
English: inner red circle. 15 km Widespread fire, almost all trees are fallen.
Outer circle, ca 35 km maximum distance to frees fall Vanavara is 65 km from site. |
| Date | |
| Source | Own work |
| Author | Merikanto |
Small red circle: projected surface point of exoplosion, hypocentrum Red ellipse: strong radiant burning, forest fire Red area: Charred trees by forest fire Most grey area: almost all trees fallen Grey area trees fallen Black triangle habitated tents during explosion time.
Source of data: forest fire area
map in
https://www.nasa.gov/history/115-years-ago-the-tunguska-asteroid-impact-event/
115 Years Ago: The Tunguska Asteroid Impact Event
NASA
Original source Christopher O Johnston and Eric S Stern, Icarus
Source of forest fall data:
The 1908 Tunguska event and forestfalls
Andrei Ol'khovatov
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-9205
Source of most trees fallen:
Hydrocode Simulations of Asteroid Airbursts and Constraints for Tunguska
NASA: Darrel Kim Robertson, Donovan Mathias
October 2018 Icarus 327(4448)
DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.017
Source of radiant burning, forest fire area:
A model for thermal radiation from the Tunguska airburst
Author links open overlay panelChristopher O. Johnston a
, Eric C. Stern b
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.01.028
7 February 2019
https://www.nasa.gov/history/115-years-ago-the-tunguska-asteroid-impact-event/
115 Years Ago: The Tunguska Asteroid Impact Event
NASA
Original source Christopher O Johnston and Eric S Stern, Icarus
Source of forest fall data:
The 1908 Tunguska event and forestfalls
Andrei Ol'khovatov
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-9205
Source of most trees fallen:
Hydrocode Simulations of Asteroid Airbursts and Constraints for Tunguska
NASA: Darrel Kim Robertson, Donovan Mathias
October 2018 Icarus 327(4448)
DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.017
Source of radiant burning, forest fire area:
A model for thermal radiation from the Tunguska airburst
Author links open overlay panel Christopher O. Johnston a
, Eric C. Stern b
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.01.028
7 February 2019
Radiant burning areas and speculative ellipse:
Reconstruction of the Tunguska Event of 1908:
Neither an Asteroid, Nor a Comet Core
Vladimir Rubtsov
Butterfly-shape trees fallen
FEMA Asteroid Impact Tabletop Exercise Simulations
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276923921
Article in Procedia Engineering · December 2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.007
Barbara Jennings Brad Carvey William Fogleman
Sandia National Laboratories
One round buttetfly-shape trees fallen:
THE TUNGUSKA EXPLOSION OF 1908
Mark W. Brazo & Steven A. Austin
Institute for Creation Research
El Cajon, California
Butterfly-shaped tree-fall pattern, almost all trees fallen and most large butterfly pattern:
The 1908 Tunguska event and forestfalls
Andrei Ol'khovatov
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-9205
Additional, very round butterfly pattern of Tunguska:
SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES RELEVANT TO DEFENSE FROM NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS
R. B. Adams, Reginald Alexander
J. BONOMETTI, J Chapman
August 2004
Butterfly pattern of trees fallen:
Tunguska Event - Surviving Tree
Mini museum
Some place names and additional: butterfly pattern of trees fallen
Tunguska eyewitness accounts, injuries, and casualties Peter Jenniskens , Olga P. Popova , Dmitry O. Glazachev , Elena D. Podobnaya , Anna P. Kartashova
Some sites of tents and obsolete pattern of Tunguska fire and tree fallen areas:
What Was the Tunguska Event?
Leonard Kelley Dec 7, 2023 5:14 PM EST
https://owlcation.com/stem/What-Was-the-Tunguska-Event
Some sites of tents and storages:
The 1908 Tunguska catastrophe: An
alternative explanation
Wolfgang Kundt
CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 81, NO. 4, 25 AUGUST 2001
Must cropt HydrosSHEDS river data to aces faster processing qith QGIS ... or so on tool. Sava
Script to convert WKT csw to gmt .txt lines wkt ---> gmt lines
import csv
import re
def wkt_to_gmt(wkt):
# Poistetaan "MULTILINESTRING" ja ylimääräiset sulut sekä varmistetaan, että kaikki ovat kunnossa
wkt = wkt.replace("MULTILINESTRING ((", "").replace("))", "").strip()
# Erotellaan koordinaattiparit pilkun perusteella
coords = wkt.split(",")
# GMT:n muoto vaatii jokaisen pisteen omalle rivilleen
# ja siihen lisätään aina lopuksi kolmas luku "1"
gmt_lines = []
for coord in coords:
# Poistetaan mahdolliset ylimääräiset sulut ja välilyönnit koordinaattiparista
coord = coord.strip().replace("(", "").replace(")", "")
# Yritetään pilkkoa koordinaatit
try:
lon, lat = map(float, coord.split())
gmt_lines.append(f"{lon} {lat} 1")
except ValueError as e:
print(f"Virhe koordinaatissa: {coord}, virhe: {e}")
return gmt_lines
def process_wkt_file(input_file, output_file):
with open(input_file, mode='r', newline=) as infile, open(output_file, mode='w', newline=) as outfile:
reader = csv.reader(infile)
next(reader) # Ohitetaan otsikkorivi
first_line = True # Käytetään seuraamaan, onko ensimmäinen viiva
for row in reader:
wkt = row[0] # WKT löytyy aina ensimmäiseltä sarakkeelta
gmt_lines = wkt_to_gmt(wkt)
# Jos ei ole ensimmäinen viiva, lisää erotin ">". GMT vaatii sen segmenttien väliin.
if not first_line:
outfile.write('>\n')
else:
first_line = False
for line in gmt_lines:
outfile.write(line + '\n')
- Polut tiedostoihin
input_file = 'hydrojoet2.csv' # Muokkaa tätä polkua tarvittaessa
output_file = 'jokimaa1.txt' # Tulostiedosto GMT:lle
- Ajetaan muunnos
process_wkt_file(input_file, output_file)
print("Muunnos suoritettu. GMT-tiedosto tallennettu.")
GMT 6.3.0 Linux bash code to draw map
gmt makecpt -Cdem1 -T0/1600/25 > colors.cpt
- gmt grdgradient ./data1/elevation_data_8m.tif -Ghillshade-grad.nc -A345 -Ne0.6 -V
- gmt grdhisteq hillshade-grad.nc -Ghillshade-hist.nc -N -V
- gmt grdmath hillshade-hist.nc 5 DIV = hillshade-int.nc
echo "0/0/0 # Harmaa tausta
1/1/1" > harma.cpt
gmt begin tuto png
# Määritetään värit ja hillshade
gmt grdimage ./data1/elevation_data_8m.tif -Ihillshade-int.nc -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Ccolors.cpt
# Lisätään koordinaattiruudut
gmt basemap -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Bxa0.5f0.1 -Bya0.5f0.1 -BWSen
gmt grdcontour ./data1/elevation_data_8m.tif -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -C100 -W1p,brown -t70
# Lisätään mittakaava (esim. 50 km)
#gmt basemap -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -BWSen -Lx10c/1c+c102.0/60.5+w50k
# Lisätään hieno musta-valkoinen mittakaava (esim. 50 km)
#gmt basemap -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -BWSen -Lx8c/1c+c102.0/60.5+w50+k+f
gmt basemap -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -BWSen -Lx10c/1c+c102.0/60.5+w50k+l+f
## rivers ...
gmt psxy ./gis1/jokimaa1.txt -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -W1p,blue -t50
# Pyöreät merkinnät Tunguskan tapahtumalle
#echo 101.883333 60.883333 | gmt psxy -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Sc9 -W2p,black,-- -t50
#echo 101.883333 60.883333 | gmt psxy -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Sc4 -W2p,red,-- -t50
# Ympyrän piirtäminen Tunguskan tapahtumapaikalle
#echo 101.883333 60.883333 30 | gmt plot -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -SE- -W2p,red -t70
#echo 101.883333 60.883333 70 | gmt plot -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -SE- -W2p,black,-- -t70
#echo 101.883333 60.883333 100 | gmt plot -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -SE- -W1p,black,.. -t70
# Alue ja jokimaa
#gmt psxy ./gis1/alue1.csv -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -L -Gblack -W2p,black,.. -t75
gmt psxy ./vektoris1/butterfly2.csv -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -L -Gblack -W2p,black,.. -t75
gmt psxy ./vektoris1/tunguska_fewtrees1.csv -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Gblack -L -W2p,black -t75
gmt psxy ./vektoris1/radiant_burn1.csv -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -L -G- -W2p,red,--
gmt psxy ./vektoris1/forestfire1.csv -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -L -Gdarkred -t60
#gmt grdimage -R -J -Ccolor.cpt -I+ -O -K >> tuto.ps
#gmt psxy ./butterfly2.csv -R -J -Glightgray -W1p,black -P -A
#echo 101.883333 60.883333 | gmt mapproject -G30k/20k -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c
#echo 101.883333 60.883333 | gmt mapproject -G30km/20km -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c
#echo 102.152333 61.063333 | gmt plot -Sc0.4c -W2p,blue
# Vanavara merkintä
echo 102.2848 60.3457 | gmt psxy -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Sr0.35r -W2p,black
echo 102.3 60.25 'Vanavara' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f28p,Times
echo 101.7 60.3 'Podkamennaja Tunguska' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f22p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 102.1 60.9 'Southern Swamp' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 102.00 60.88 'Churgmi' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f12p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 102 60.85 'Khushmo' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f18p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 102.3 60.68 'Chambe' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f18p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 102.0 61.05 'Kimchu' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f18p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 102.5 61.12 'Kimchu' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f18p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 101.5 61.15 'Kimchu' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f18p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 101.95 60.67 'Makirta' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f15p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a315
echo 101.7 60.5 'Lakura' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f15p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a100
echo 102.18 60.55 'Khovorkikta' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,55/55/256
echo 102.5 60.85 'N Diliushmo' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.1/60.0/61.3 -F+f16p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a80
echo 102.7 60.8 'V Diliushmo' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f16p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a70
echo 102.4 60.95 'Ukogitkon' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f16p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a60
echo 101.55 60.75 'Chavidokon' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a10
echo 101.7 61.00 'Cheko' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a0
echo 101.55 60.85 'Dalyk' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a0
echo 102.2 60.92 'Ukagit' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,55/55/256+a0
echo 102.3 60.60 'Burkan' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f18p,Times-Italic,darkbrown
echo 102.1 60.47 'Petrin' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,darkbrown
echo 101.95 60.77 'Vernadski' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f15p,Times-Italic,darkbrown
# echo 101.90 60.77 'Sakrama' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f12p,Times-Italic,darkbrown
echo 102.35 61.02 'Silgam' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f18p,Times-Italic,darkbrown+a45
echo 101.6 60.50 'Lakura' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f15p,Times-Italic,darkbrown+a90
echo 101.5 60.95 'Chuvar' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f14p,Times-Italic,darkbrown+a00
# Muut merkit
echo 102.3940 60.7247 | gmt psxy -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -St0.35 -W2,black
echo 101.9872 60.5233 | gmt psxy -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -St0.35 -W2,black
# Tunguska event -merkintä
echo 101.883333 60.883333 | gmt psxy -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Sc0.4k -W2p,256/0/0
echo 101.883333 60.883333 | gmt psxy -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -JH15c -Sx0.4k -W2p,256/0/0
echo 101.6 61.1 'Tunguska event' | gmt pstext -JH15c -R101/103.2/60.0/61.3 -F+f30p,Times-Italic,128/0/0
gmt end show
Tunguska butterfly shaped forest fall shape "butterfly2.csv"
101.51505215689794,60.882829042271425
101.55187957926599,60.7931794625697
101.883333,60.506394499426534
102.06747487319555,60.4972935148857
102.25161384310205,60.52384045197343
102.25161384310205,60.6135894171739
102.4817790502706,60.70251036006005
102.46336630107317,60.79233754356659
102.49098538967242,60.881960995554394
102.54622291047603,60.97144434980888
102.54622291047603,61.061187287039886
102.4357470067335,61.061686172402474
102.4357470067335,61.15142790140126
102.25161384310205,61.15205781095842
102.06747487319555,61.107565055522116
101.883333,61.06282003459272
101.883333,61.06282003459272
101.7912618819431,61.15253025207819
101.69919112680444,61.12551337460247
101.69919112680444,61.03577129887911
101.58870721066444,61.06249750929406
101.55187957926599,60.97266891829324
Radiant burning "radiant_burn1.csv"
101.94133292271813,60.94924070592009
101.97590612335867,60.95069153504427
102.01323523630002,60.94764880647848
102.05088968875789,60.93967460872747
102.08621120481804,60.92663348769891
102.11647304431813,60.90871697080517
102.13904871441194,60.88644923044868
102.15157972173017,60.86067314026262
102.14367788613059,60.83427948579579
102.10157701194015,60.816121725854664
102.05538504379392,60.80388320487471
102.00814596141,60.7975724527144
101.96271819438296,60.796853110844424
101.92162523879082,60.8010815756474
101.88692880211092,60.809359945865374
101.86013010028978,60.82060129358227
101.83787716286108,60.82932768847893
101.81535863969522,60.83580764248494
101.7958930174099,60.84439668892743
101.7803029167658,60.854758434136244
101.76925995252108,60.86648099511989
101.76325570644482,60.879093176400545
101.76257953638329,60.89208325173568
101.76730428163575,60.90491962792883
101.77728065433271,60.91707257342434
101.79214077929295,60.92803612915792
101.81131096909627,60.937349288521304
101.8340334113249,60.944615541545055
101.85939602175104,60.949519928055864
101.88636930628567,60.95184283589714
101.91384870405798,60.951469910906894
101.94070058205587,60.9483976099915
Forest foires forestfire1.csv
101.71352588667388,60.94128712619296
101.97160402840512,60.92995237602673
101.87053830704406,60.96691127394167
102.15027258340722,60.986897486936336
102.25133611013786,60.9831491420469
102.28562515941296,60.96722297372764
102.27479706083243,60.93207446749307
102.22426566914658,60.84953522294474
102.13763954713842,60.88489995392627
102.15929616915263,60.86199201386142
102.22065626830978,60.84338751079025
102.2567501840192,60.808994329831535
102.26216425295607,60.785232866264195
102.30728129192765,60.768391134380664
102.26396894149018,60.75444495324706
102.21163275760792,60.74754253696044
102.1520773013435,60.780211949014245
102.10515451596184,60.76094446642897
102.03296521006769,60.74960467795542
102.02935573447895,60.75048787271942
102.02394151956514,60.73993901160678
102.08530250043873,60.72315492445996
102.07447411332613,60.7090975567241
102.02935573447895,60.72674090378466
102.00047990208492,60.71005596913887
101.99687041990316,60.69158880711464
102.03476994754772,60.69331354551976
102.07086464873939,60.687114280943305
102.05462204515499,60.67570082412278
102.0311604723772,60.673967730875994
102.04018415869761,60.653729104083155
102.00047990208492,60.62825999970923
101.9499471027866,60.64060393257249
101.92287592915778,60.63357621803256
101.89941423705467,60.6441335739636
101.9012189827268,60.6582059521799
101.9138522019725,60.657325153424324
101.90302372838799,60.67843495651485
101.87053830704406,60.686348937064224
101.85429559969323,60.699537976080876
101.88858576294534,60.71449559067804
101.93370440030678,60.70569463096485
101.93550914530374,60.77605545196897
101.93189965524967,60.78045407757489
101.90843796527865,60.77957912799328
101.8344434086354,60.75494034343569
101.84166238613037,60.74438915375966
101.76586321913673,60.733784118952386
101.74420636830494,60.74255692930089
101.7496205781346,60.75311704080828
101.79112958009685,60.751396142029364
101.80376277249741,60.75580278312425
101.80737225731147,60.764600300212216
101.76586321913673,60.78303694511981
101.7730821758576,60.804151867778984
101.77127743639583,60.81734285172951
101.76405848043487,60.835805695757124
101.7478158413024,60.84546357491607
101.74059689621498,60.856889072200055
101.74059689621498,60.87096108551901
101.7460111046916,60.87976214159197
101.91746169295595,60.88160046378523
101.76225374192981,60.887694507086024
101.7893248389267,60.88507979276835
101.79473906290184,60.88772238876754
101.79834854630819,60.8947609805453
101.81278648550978,60.89564996477
101.82361494515371,60.90269203340001
101.82361494515371,60.907089510582225
101.81820071481512,60.91500202157849
101.8145912284922,60.92203588928044
101.80917699991669,60.92643005005861
101.80195803029402,60.92642530632429
101.7839106163784,60.910580867184294
101.77127743639583,60.920244374207755
101.7766916553278,60.92728514626543
101.79834854630819,60.94049465606276
101.81639597159489,60.94490372564643
101.86692881620276,60.94228490719232
101.894,60.94140813942256
Few trees survived tunguska_fewtrees1.csv
101.883333,60.986638785123965
101.95717849896319,60.986638785123965
101.90179437474079,60.955197893999284
101.95717849896319,60.94621478224937
102.06794674740799,60.982147229249016
102.252560494816,61.000113452748835
102.3079446190384,60.9731641174991
102.252560494816,60.92824855874955
102.1971763705936,60.883333
102.252560494816,60.7935018825009
102.27102186955679,60.69468765325189
102.06794674740799,60.55994097700324
101.975639873704,60.703670765001796
101.975639873704,60.74858632375135
101.883333,60.73960321200144
101.7725647515552,60.73960321200144
101.8094875010368,60.7935018825009
101.8279488757776,60.829434329500536
101.7541033768144,60.80248499425081
101.698719252592,60.81146810600072
101.744872689444,60.84740055300036
101.7541033768144,60.883333
101.7725647515552,60.94621478224937
101.8279488757776,60.9731641174991
101.883333,60.986638785123965
"R" code to load DEM
- tunguska event destruction circles
- "R" script, made with chatgpt 3 and 4o
- Ladataan tarvittavat paketit
library(elevatr)
library(terra)
library(sf)
library(ggplot2)
library(tidyverse)
library(tidyterra)
library(ggnewscale)
- Määritetään koordinaatit: Tunguska (räjähdyspaikka) ja Vanavara
tunguska_coords <- data.frame(long = 101.883333, lat = 60.883333, name = "Tunguska")
vanavara_coords <- data.frame(long = 102.2848, lat = 60.3457, name = "Vanavara")
- Luodaan data frame koordinaateista 100 km säteellä
lon_seq <- seq(tunguska_coords$long - 1, tunguska_coords$long + 1, by = 0.1)
lat_seq <- seq(tunguska_coords$lat - 1, tunguska_coords$lat + 1, by = 0.1)
coords <- expand.grid(long = lon_seq, lat = lat_seq)
coords_sf <- st_as_sf(coords, coords = c("long", "lat"), crs = 4326)
- Määritetään tallennustiedoston polku
output_path <- "./data1/elevation_data.tif"
- Ladataan korkeusdata SRTM-tiedostoista tai käytetään levyllä olevaa tiedostoa
if (file.exists(output_path)) {
elevation_terra <- rast(output_path)
print("Tallennettu korkeusdata ladattu levylta.")
} else {
elevation_data <- get_elev_raster(locations = coords_sf, z = 9, prj = "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")
elevation_terra <- rast(elevation_data)
writeRaster(elevation_terra, output_path, overwrite = TRUE)
print(paste("Tiedosto tallennettu:", output_path))
}
- Luodaan sf-objektit Tunguskan ja Vanavaran ympärille 70 km säteellä
tunguska_sf <- st_as_sf(tunguska_coords, coords = c("long", "lat"), crs = 4326)
vanavara_sf <- st_as_sf(vanavara_coords, coords = c("long", "lat"), crs = 4326)
- Luodaan ympyrät
circle_15km <- st_buffer(tunguska_sf, dist = 15000) # 15 km säde
circle_35km <- st_buffer(tunguska_sf, dist = 35000) # 35 km säde
circle_50km <- st_buffer(tunguska_sf, dist = 50000) # 50 km säde
- Cropataan rasteri 140x140 km alueelta
elevation_cropped <- crop(elevation_terra, ext(tunguska_coords$long - 1.5,
tunguska_coords$long + 1.5,
tunguska_coords$lat - 0.75,
tunguska_coords$lat + 0.75))
- Muutetaan rasteri data frameksi
elevation_df <- as.data.frame(elevation_cropped, xy = TRUE)
names(elevation_df)[3] <- "height" # Nimetään korkeusdata
- Luodaan hillshade
altitude = 45
azimuth = 90
terrain <- terra::terrain(elevation_cropped, c("slope", "aspect"), unit = "radians")
shade <- terra::shade(terrain$slope, terrain$aspect, angle = altitude, direction = azimuth, normalize = TRUE)
- Muutetaan hillshade data frameksi
shade_df <- as.data.frame(shade, xy = TRUE)
names(shade_df)[3] <- "hillshade" # Nimetään hillshade-arvot
- Asetetaan PNG-tiedosto
png("output_plot.png", width = 800, height = 600)
- Piirretään DEM ja hillshade yhdessä
ggplot() +
# DEM rasteri
geom_raster(data = elevation_df, aes(x = x, y = y, fill = height), alpha = 0.8) +
scale_fill_gradientn(colors = terrain.colors(10)) + # Käytetään väriasteikkoa DEM:lle
new_scale_fill() + # Uusi väriskaala hillshadelle
# Hillshade rasteri
geom_raster(data = shade_df, aes(x = x, y = y, fill = hillshade), alpha = 0.4) +
scale_fill_gradient(low = "white", high = "black", guide = "none") + # Hillshaden väriskaala ilman legendaa
# Ympyrät ja paikkatiedot
geom_sf(data = circle_15km, linewidth=1, alpha=0.3, color = "red", fill = NA) +
geom_sf(data = circle_35km, linewidth=1,linetype = "dashed", alpha=0.3, color = "black", fill = NA) +
geom_sf(data = circle_50km, linewidth=1, linetype = "dotted", alpha=0.3, color = "yellow", fill = NA) +
# Tunguska ja Vanavara pisteinä
geom_sf(data = tunguska_sf, color = "red", size = 5) +
geom_sf(data = vanavara_sf, color = "blue", size = 5) +
# Vanavaran nimi kartalle
geom_text(data = vanavara_coords, aes(x = long, y = lat, label = name), color = "blue", hjust = -0.1, vjust = 1.5, size = 5) +
# Muutetaan x- ja y-akseleiden nimet longitude ja latitude -muotoon
labs(title = " Effect circles of Tunguska explosion ",
x = "Longitude", y = "Latitude") +
coord_sf() +
theme_minimal()
- Suljetaan PNG-tiedosto
dev.off()
Licensing
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- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 14:16, 29 September 2024 | | 1,955 × 1,641 (4.16 MB) | Merikanto (talk | contribs) | Update |
| 08:46, 27 September 2024 |  | 1,955 × 1,641 (3.86 MB) | Merikanto (talk | contribs) | new data | |
| 15:27, 25 September 2024 |  | 1,955 × 1,641 (3.92 MB) | Merikanto (talk | contribs) | Update | |
| 12:34, 25 September 2024 |  | 1,955 × 1,641 (3.94 MB) | Merikanto (talk | contribs) | New data added, new layout of map | |
| 17:30, 22 September 2024 |  | 1,772 × 1,772 (3.75 MB) | Merikanto (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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