File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (12733582925).jpg

72 A. B. WYNNE ON SOME EEATUEES IN THE
tain, on the Indus below Attock. Red and variegated gypseous
rocks resembling those in the Murree group previously mentioned,
occur far down in the ravine of the Haro river near its source, and at
Doongagully on the new mountain-road from Murree to Abbottabad,
while the possibility of the extension of the hill type of Nummu-
litic limestone southwards beneath the Pot'war country is supported
by its reappearance at the hill of Khairee Moorut, ten miles south
of the junction-line referred to, and west by south from Eawul
Pindi.
Although the line of junction presents ordinarily the appearance
of a single line of contact (often concealed owing to its position at
the foot of hills), this is not a constant condition

for it is accompa-
nied in places by somewhat parallel lines of the same kind situated
within very short distances, and traceable into close convergence, if
not into absolute unity, with the main one (see section, fig. 3). It
also throws off a branch north of Eawul Pindi, having all the
characters by which it is itself distinguished, and bringing the same
sort of Lower Murree rocks into junction with the Hill-limestones.
This branch, diverging at an acute angle from the north side of the
line, passes westward along the outer foot of the ridge behind
which are the ruins of the ancient Taxila at Shah-ka-deri.
The whole aspect of the contact along this line presents none of
the features or irregular outlines which might be expected to result
from unconformity, overlap, or limit of deposition

and, further,
it might be urged that nowhere along the junction are the newer
rocks on one side of the line or its branches made up of any recog-
nizable detritus of the older beds on the other side

nor, indeed,
are any prominent coarse detrital deposits, such as might indicate
an adjacent shore, to be found in the lower strata of the Murree
group, a few minor beds of coarse sandstone at one part of the
junction only (in section, fig. 3, b l ) having been met with along the
whole region of contact from Oori to Kohat, a distance of fully 200
miles. Nor does it appear that the basal beds of the known Tertiary
deposits in the Simla area along their inner (and even more ex-
tended) boundary, differ in these respects from the junction beds of
the Tertiary belt with the " Hill-rocks " in this region.
The contact here, on the contrary, presents straight or but slightly
curved lines, like those of fractured dislocation, without sinuosities
resembling deep bays, creeks, or promontories

nor are there visible
signs of islands lying off the supposed ancient coast, the detached
elongated hill of Khairee Moorut being apparently enclosed between
lines of fault.
In a case of ordinary unconformity or overlap subjected to denu-
dation, discordant patches of the Murree beds might be expected to
occur resting on the older rocks

but these have not been met with,
any detached portions which have been found being apparently let in
among the older rocks by faults, rather than folded into contortions.
16. Under all these circumstances it is difficult to recognize in
this and the Simla region the same relations among formations or
groups, several of which may be fairly considered identical and