File:Roman, Quern Stone (FindID 832043).jpg
Original file (5,184 × 3,264 pixels, file size: 4.43 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]Roman: Quern Stone | |||
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Photographer |
The Portable Antiquities Scheme, Grace Clark, 2017-02-21 12:14:47 |
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Title |
Roman: Quern Stone |
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Description |
English: An incomplete Roman puddingstone beehive quern stone, dating to the period AD 1-150
There are a few types of Puddingstone, Green (2017) suggests that it is French and has been imported. A possible suggestion for this importation is that the stones used for this conglomerate are extremely hard, so hard over in Hertfordshire that it was very difficult to use, but due to its tough exterior, it produced almost grit free flour, therefore a much demanded product (Green 2017). French stones are earlier than Hertfordshire products, and were in fact the basis of a whole industry, as it spread from the Haut of Normandie to Worms Heath in Surrey, and then to Hertfordshire (Green 2017). The object also fits French criteria by being rather large; it is similar to Hertfordshire, but the lithology is very distinctive. Green (2017) also suggests that the inclusions are very visible within its saccharoidal matrix with black, grey and brown cut pebbles. The quern is domed in shape, like a beehive with a flat base which reflects the most wear (or glazing). The whole of its anterior surface presents flint inclusions but not so much glazing and wear. The glazing is distributed rather evenly across the base, but there are visible patches which are extremely smooth and shiny. There is a significant area of the side missing, and part of this would have originally accommodated a wooden handle which would have aided the person using the quern moving it. There is evidence of this as part of the area has a circular hollowed area where a wooden handle would have comfortably fitted and further wear is reflected in this cavity too. The central perforation known as inverted-conical hopper which also presents signs of wear on its sides, but it is not as strong compared to the wear on the base. When the hopper was originally cut, it would have been circular in shape. However, due to the evidence of wear inside and the base edge of the hopper, the base opening has been worn to a almost triangle shape. Overall, the height of the quern is c.175mm, and the diameter of the base is c.330mm. The diameter of the top opening of the hopper is c. 80mm, and the base opening of the hoppers diameter is c.90mm. Mr. Chris Green has examined another quern stone like this which can be found on the PAS database under BH-C2EBDD, and has dated it between the mid-1st centuries BC to mid-1st century AD. Green (2017) also suggests that this type of quern stone was rather abundant during AD 1- 150, and were most likely used within the household. References: Green, C., (2017)" Querns and Millstones in Late Iron Age and Roman London and South-East England" In: D, Bird., (2017)Chapter 8: " Agriculture and Industry in South-Eastern Roman Britain" (pages 156-179) |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Wiltshire | ||
Date | between 1 and 150 | ||
Accession number |
FindID: 832043 Old ref: WILT-B04B68 Filename: IMG_5577.jpg |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/602762 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/602762/recordtype/artefacts Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/832043 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution License version 2.0 (verified 24 November 2020) |
Object location | 51° 21′ 17.64″ N, 1° 39′ 48.1″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 51.354900; -1.663360 |
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Licensing
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:53, 18 December 2018 | 5,184 × 3,264 (4.43 MB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, WILT, FindID: 832043, roman, page 2272, batch count 19099 |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 1200D |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/5.6 |
ISO speed rating | 3,200 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:02, 21 February 2017 |
Lens focal length | 43 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 7.0 Windows |
File change date and time | 12:13, 21 February 2017 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Landscape mode (for landscape photos with the background in focus) |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:02, 21 February 2017 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 6 |
APEX aperture | 5 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 5,728.1767955801 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 5,808.4033613445 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 5,184 px |
Image height | 3,264 px |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 12:13, 21 February 2017 |
IIM version | 55,583 |