File:Prospects for tuberculosis control and elimination.jpg

English: "Figure 4  Strategies for (a) eliminating TB (<1 case per million per year) and (b) approaching the elimination phase (<10 deaths per million per year or <1 death per 100,000 per year) in a hypothetical high-incidence country with a poorly controlled epidemic (65% case detection, 70% cure) and an initial, stable incidence of 1,100 cases and 200 deaths per million per year, close to the global average in 2010. [1] Improvements in the treatment of active TB (earlier case detection, higher diagnostic sensitivity, and higher treatment success) can reduce incidence by a factor of roughly 10, but not by a factor of 100 or 1,000. More effective treatment of active TB could move an epidemic into the elimination phase, with fewer than 10 deaths per million per year. [2] Vaccination to prevent infection could also reduce incidence by a factor of about 10. However, unlike drug treatment, vaccination has no direct effect on case fatality. [3] Mitigation of risk factors will contribute to TB control but will play a small part in an elimination campaign. [4] Making further reductions in incidence and mortality requires a drug or vaccine to neutralize latent infection. [5] Very low incidence rates approaching 1 per million can be achieved only by treating both latent infection and active TB; these interventions work synergistically in combination. Scales on the vertical axes are log10. Further details are given in the Supplemental Material."