File:Parks and park engineering (1916) (14781572814).jpg

Identifier: parksparkenginee00lyleuoft (find matches)
Title: Parks and park engineering
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Lyle, William Thomas, 1875-1933
Subjects: Parks Civil engineering
Publisher: New York, John Wiley & Sons, inc. (etc., etc.)
Contributing Library: Robarts - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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the smalloutlet sewer after the storm is over. 2. Sanitary Sewers. These are used to carry the flowfrom toilet rooms which are located in shelters and pavilions.Such sewers are small. They should never discharge intopark lakes and water courses. Sanitary sewers are gen-erally laid much deeper than storm-water sewers. It isvery important that the grade be flat in order that thedepth of flow may be as great as possible. The minimumvelocity should be 1.5 feet per second. I-n order to laythe sewers on flat grades it may be necessary to build afew drop manholes at places where the sewers join. Thesize of sanitary sewers is 6 inches except for the mains.Owing to the impossibility in many cases of obtaining aproper depth of flow, say one-quarter of the diameter,flush tanks will have to be used to keep the sewer free fromincrustation. 3. Combined Sewers. These are but seldom used inpark engineering. Occasionally however, where a sanitarysewer is available, storm-water sewers will be connected
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oO 1 it .3 s- i; ^ si lj ~ r M =g Q =3PH O c GRADING 51 to it, thus making a combined sewer. This means anenlargement of size. Difficulty is often experienced inmaintaining in dry weather a proper depth of flow withoutflushing. The flow from these sewers should not be dis-charged into lakes and water courses unless there is a pro-vision for removing the dry-weather flow to another outlet. GRADING The grading plan is prepared after a careful examinationof the topographical map and a personal examination ofthe site. This is the function of the landscape architect.Some of the features in the design directly affect the drain-age and other plans and will thus be explained. Grass Gutters. Instead of allowing the sides of drivesand paths to act as channels or gutters for the collection andremoval of water, it is customary in modern practice toprovide grass gutters wherever possible. These consistof depressions 4 to 6 inches deep and 6 to 12 feet wide onthe sides of drives and paths, running

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