File:Nephrolepis exaltata (5333987411).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionNephrolepis exaltata (5333987411).jpg |
[syn. Nephrolepis exaltata subsp. hawaiiensis] ʻŌkupukupu or niaʻaniʻau Lomariopsidaceae [Nephrolepidaceae] (Swordfern family) Indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands (All main islands except Niʻihau) Palikea, Waiʻanae Mountains, Oʻahu The native Hawaiian version of the "Boston fern." Early Hawaiians fashioned the fronds into lei for the wrists and ankles called kūpeʻe or as haku for the head. The fern was used medicinally to treat a number of skin disordes by means of bathing in the processed juice. The Hawaiian name kupu means "to sprout." The early Hawaiians would place kupukupu on hula altars so that knowledge would sprout. Etymology The generic name Nephrolepis is derived from the Greek nephros, kidney, and lepis, scale, in reference to the kidney-shaped indusia (sori covering). The Latin specific name exaltata, raised, high, lofty, alludes to the upright fronds of this fern. The former subspecies name hawaiiensis* is referring to the place of origin, Hawaiʻi. _____
NPH00001 nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Nephrolepis_exaltata_h... |
Date | |
Source | Nephrolepis exaltata |
Author | David Eickhoff from Hawaiʻi, USA |
Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by D.Eickhoff at https://flickr.com/photos/50823119@N08/5333987411. It was reviewed on 12 March 2016 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
12 March 2016
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current | 21:04, 12 March 2016 | 1,955 × 1,610 (2.46 MB) | Josve05a (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot G3 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/2 |
Date and time of data generation | 23:48, 18 September 2008 |
Lens focal length | 7.2 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | picnik.com |
File change date and time | 23:48, 18 September 2008 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 23:48, 18 September 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 5.9068905902692 |
APEX aperture | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2 APEX (f/2) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, auto mode, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 8,114.2857142857 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 8,114.2857142857 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |