File:Les ruines de la ville romaine (Tipaza, Algérie) (45458150035).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionLes ruines de la ville romaine (Tipaza, Algérie) (45458150035).jpg |
Le Cardo maximus, un des deux axes de la ville romaine, se prolonge vers la mer. Les Phéniciens ont fondé à Tipaza un comptoir vers le Ve siècle av. J.-C. : c'est de cette origine que la ville tire son nom qui signifie « lieu de passage » ou « escale ». La ville connaît son essor sous le roi numide Juba II et devient avec Caesaria (actuelle Cherchell) l'un des foyers de la culture gréco-romaine en Afrique du Nord. Tipaza avait alors le type de la ville punique car elle se situait dans l'aire d'influence de Carthage. Sous l'empereur romain Claude Ier, en 39, Tipaza prend le statut de municipe latin et se dote d'une muraille longue de plus de deux kilomètres. Hadrien éleva par la suite Tipaza au rang de colonie honoraire. À la fin du IIe siècle, la ville connaît son apogée avec une population qui s'élève, selon les estimations de Stéphane Gsell, a 20 000 habitants. Au deuxième siècle, cette cité romanisée s’agrandit vers l’ouest au dépend d’une ancienne nécropole punique. Bien qu’elle était entourée d’une longue muraille de 2 km cela n’a pas empêché sa destruction en l’an 430 par les Vandales menés par Genséric (Wikipedia) Tipaza est un site inscrit au Patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO en 1982. Les premières fouilles y ont été effectuées en 1895. |
Date | |
Source | Les ruines de la ville romaine (Tipaza, Algérie) |
Author | Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France |
Camera location | 36° 35′ 43.97″ N, 2° 26′ 43.14″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 36.595546; 2.445316 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by dalbera at https://flickr.com/photos/72746018@N00/45458150035 (archive). It was reviewed on 14 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
14 October 2019
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 20:46, 14 October 2019 | 3,663 × 2,442 (9.09 MB) | B2Belgium (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D200 |
Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/18 |
ISO speed rating | 800 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:13, 30 May 2008 |
Lens focal length | 38 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 12.0 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 19:08, 18 December 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:13, 30 May 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 8.3219280719281 |
APEX aperture | 8.3398500267809 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.0712478100058 APEX (f/4.1) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 98 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 98 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 98 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 57 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.2.0.0 |
Lens used | 18.0-70.0 mm f/3.5-4.5 |
Date metadata was last modified | 20:08, 18 December 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | CC1B8E168A15E08619726E26D4526D22 |
IIM version | 18,755 |