File:JapanHomes151 SHŌJI FOR WINDOW.jpg

English: From original book: "As the room, when closed, receives its light through the shōji, the windows proper — that is, certain openings in permanent partitions which may be regarded as windows — have in most cases lost their functional character, and have become modified into ornamental features merely, many of them being strictly decorative, having none of the functions of a window whatever. These openings assume an infinite variety of forms, and appear in the most surprising places in the room. They may be placed low down near the floor, or close to the ceiling; indeed, they occur between the rooms when permanent partitions are present, and similar openings may be seen in the partition which separates the tokonoma from the chigai-dana. A window often occurs in a partition that continues some little distance beyond the outer edge of the tokonoma. This window is usually square, and is closed by a shōji. The upper cross-piece of the shōji-frame projects at each end, so that it may be hung in place on iron hooks (fig. 151). If the window comes near the tokonoma the shōji is hung on the outside of the room, as its appearance in this way is better from within. If it occurs in a partition near the chōdzu-bachi, the shōji is hung inside the room. Sometimes the shōji rests on grooved cleats or bars, which are fastened above and below the window, and oftentimes it runs inside the partition, — that is, in a partition that is double. The shōji in this case is often made in two portions, and parts to the right or left."