File:Idalion palace - oil mill - 01. crushing room.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionIdalion palace - oil mill - 01. crushing room.jpg |
עברית: בתמונה: מבט מדרום על חדר כתישת הזיתים בדרום־מזרח בית הבד שבארמון אידליון/אדיל. ניתן לראות שני שברים מבסיס הריחיים ואחת האבנים הטוחנות בו.
בית הבד בארמון אידליון/אדיל היה ממוקם בפינת הארמון הצפון־מערבית, ומתוארך למאה ה־4 לפנה"ס (תקופת ממלכת כתי ואדיל הפיניקית, בה הארמון שימש מרכז מנהלי מלכותי). שיטת עצירת (הפקת) השמן הדו-שלבית העתיקה מודגמת בבית הבד באידליון/אדיל, שהשתמרותו היא מהטובות ברחבי הים התיכון: בחדר הראשון היו ריחיים, קערת אבן גדולה (ממנה נותרו שני שברים) ועליה מורכבות שתי אבנים טוחנות המתגלגלות וכותשות את הזיתים שבקערה. באידליון/אדיל קיבל שלב זה חדר בבית הבד, בו היה מתקן כתישה אחד ורצפה קשה מותאמת לפעולת הכתישה. הכתושת (הזיתים הכתושים) הועברו בעקלים (סלים עגולים) לחדר השני, בו הונחו העקלים אחד על השני מעל בסיס עם תעלות ניקוז עגולות, ונלחצו במכבש על ידי מוט עץ מחובר למשקולות אבן. הבסיסי העגולים הזרימו את השמן שנזל מהסלים למכלים גדולים. שלושה מתקני כבישה נמצאו בחדר זה (בסיס אחת מהן הועתק ממקומו בעת העתיקה), וכן נמצאה באר שסיפקה מים, ההכרחיים לתהליך. מתחם בית הבד הכיל גם תנורים סמוכים לספסל עם שני כדי אחסון בשני צדדיו.English: In the picture: a south look at the olive crushing room in the south-east of the oil mill in Idalion palace. Two fragments of the crushing basin and a millstone are seen.
The olive oil mill production workshop in Idalion palace was placed in the north-western corner of the palace, and dates to the 4th century BCE (Kition-and-Idalion kingdom era, when the palace functioned as an administrative centre). The two-stages ancient olive oil production process is attested in the mill of Idalion palace, which is one best-preserved olive mill of this type in the Mediterranean: In the first room the olives were crushed, and it included a trapetum – a Latin term for a large basin and two hemispherical millstones attached to a wooden beam and turned in the basin. Two millstones and two pieces of the crushing basin were found in this room, as well as a hard floor which was able to sustain the function of the trapetum. After the first stage, the crushing of the olives, the olives were brought, within circular baskets, to the second room, where the second stage – the pressing – occurred. The baskets were placed one on top of the other under large wooden beams which were used as levers and above circular compression bases. The wooden beams were pushed down by heavy stone weights; under the pressure, the oil leaked to the circular bases, from which it flowed to large containers. Two of the bases (one was removed in antiquity) and 16 weights were found in this room, in addition to a well that provided water (which was necessary to this process). The oil mill also complex contained hearths close to a bench with two storage vessels on either side. |
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Author | פעמי-עליון |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Author | |
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Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
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ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:59, 8 March 2023 |
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File change date and time | 11:59, 8 March 2023 |
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Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:59, 8 March 2023 |
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