File:Human physiology (1913) (14779932665).jpg

Identifier: humanphysiology02luci (find matches)
Title: Human physiology
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: Luciani, Luigi, 1842- Welby, Frances A. (Frances Alice) Camis, Marie Holmes, Gordon, Sir, 1876-1965 Pembrey, M. S. (Marcus Seymour), 1868-1934
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: London : Macmillan and Co.
Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

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t of the jejunum weighs more than a corre-sponding portion of the ileum. The diameter of the jejunum isabout 325 cm., that of the ileum 260 cm. They vary consider-ably in length, with age and with different individuals, as we have iv DIGESTION IN THE INTESTINE 233 seen in another connection—probably in relation with the pre-dominatingly vegetable or animal character of the usual diet. The structure of the walls of the small intestine differs in noessential from that of the oesophagus and stomach. The muscularcoat is composed of plain muscle. The longitudinal fibres form acomparatively thin layer which becomes denser along the freeborder of the intestine, the transverse or circular fibres are thickerand more distinct: the first in contracting can only dilate andshorten the intestinal tube (Exner); the second, on the contrary,constrict and lengthen it. The longitudinal cells which thickenalong the free border of the intestine must stretch and distendthe numerous folds or convolutions.
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FIG. 76.—Meissners plexus, from submucous layer of intestine. Gold chloride method. (Cadiat.)a, a, ganglia; 6, &, cords of plexus ; c, small blood-vessel; rf, nerve filaments that accompanythe small artery. A gangliated plexus lies between the two muscular coats, andis in relation with the caeliac plexus, and branches of the vagusand great splanchnic, and is known as the plexus myentericus orplexus of Auerbach. It is principally composed of non-nieduHatedfibres, which give off a number of fine branches to the longitudinaland circular rnuscle-cells (Fig. 75). Other, larger branches pass through the circular bundles of fibresto reach the submucous layer, where they form a second gangliatedplexus, the filaments of which are much finer than those of thepreceding; this is called the plexus of Meissner (Fig. 76). Fromthis plexus, nerve fibres pass into the muscular layer of themucous membrane, breaking up into fibrils that ramify in theproper tissue of the mucous coat and villi, and t

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