File:Fert3.JPG

One hundred twenty min after the addition of acrosome-reacted bull sperm to zona pellucida-free bovine oocytes. (A) The appearance of a polar body at the top of one oocyte suggests that the penetrating sperm, indicated with a small arrow, activated the oocyte. Many other sperm are bound to the surface at various stages of incorporation; many do not get captured at these short time-points in states of fusion. (B,C) At this time-point, the complete sperm head is under the oolemma, and the tail can be seen entering at one point of contact. The sperm head is completely under the oolemma membrane and microvilli can be seen over the area of the sperm head. The implantation fossa is in the process of being incorporated into the ooplasm and the mitochondrial sheath can still be seen, suggesting that the head is still very close to the oolemma membrane. (D) Tail incorporation occurs at only one point in the bovine system; it is possible to follow the tail from the incorporation site to the distal end without encountering an alternative entry site. Images originally published in: Tengowski, MW (2004) Microscopic techniques for studying sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization and early embryonic development. Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.), 253, 165-99.

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