File:Electrical measurements. A laboratory manual (1895) (14801597933).jpg

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Identifier: electricalmeasur00carh (find matches)
Title: Electrical measurements. A laboratory manual
Year: 1895 (1890s)
Authors: Carhart, Henry S. (Henry Smith), 1844-1920 Patterson, George Washington, 1864- joint author
Subjects: Electric measurements
Publisher: Boston, Allyn and Bacon
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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PrecedingMethods. — When large currents are measured by thepreceding methods, special standard resistances adaptedto carry the desired currents should be employed. Suchstandards have been designed at the Physikalisch-Tech-nische Reichsanstalt, in Berlin.^ They have a resistanceof 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001 ohm respectively, and aremade of manganin in sheet form or cast. Special ter-minals, from the exact points between which the resistanceis measured, are brought out to separate binding-posts forthe measurement of the potential difference by compar-ison with a Clark cell. Any small E.M.F. of contactbetween the manganin and tlie copper terminals andleading-in conductors is thus left out of the comparison.The smallest resistance is adapted to carry a few thousandamperes. These standards are mounted in nickel-plated ^ Elektrotechnische Zeitschrifty 1895. MEASUREMENT OF CURRENT. 175 cases (Fig. 84) which can be filled with oil. The largecase for heavy currents is fitted with a cooling coil
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Fig. 84. through which water may be made to flow. It containsalso a diminutive turbine-stirrer which can be driven byany small motor. 176 ELECTBICAL MEASUBEMENT8. CHAPTER IV. MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE. 85. The Clark Standard Cell. — In accordance withthe decision of the Chamber of Delegates of the ChicagoInternational Congress of Electricians (Appendix B),the Clark cell has become the legal standard of E.M.F.(Art. 19). The cell consists of zinc, or an amalgam ofzinc with mercury, and of mercury in a neutral saturatedsolution of zinc sulphate and mercurous sulphate inwater, prepared with both sulphates in excess. The preparation of the materials entering into the celland the setting up of the standard will be described withsome detail. A. Preparation of the Materials. 1. The Mercury. — All mercury used in the cellshould fost be chemically purified in the usual manner,and subsequently distilled in a vacuum. 2. The Zinc. — Pure redistilled zinc-rods can be usedwithout furt

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