File:Ducros-vue-du-pantheon.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionDucros-vue-du-pantheon.jpg |
Français : Titre:"Vue du Panthéon, Rome" par Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe DUCROS (1748 - 1810)
Technique: Aquarelle, gouache, et encre brune, partiellement vernie, Dimensions: H. 775 mm ; L. 1105 mm Etiquette au dos : Avis Inscription à l’encre : Pantheon Marque sur le châssis : GHEH Provenance: Collection privée, Angleterre (début du XIXe siècle) Dr Emil Hulmark, Suède Textes de Madame Annie Gilet:<< A la fin du XVIIIème – début du XIXème , les artistes et collectionneurs considéraient Louis Ducros comme l’une des figures marquantes des paysagistes parmi les aquarellistes. Son travail se réfère au goût des collectionneurs ayant visité Rome et Naples pendant leur « Grand Tour », et il est destiné à meubler leur intérieur avec des vues topographiques des lieux les plus connus du « Tour ». Ducros passe ses premières années à Genève puis voyage à Rome en 1778. Il achève une série de paysages et de vues d’anciens monuments lors d’un voyage dans le Royaume des Deux Siciles. Les esquisses faites lui fournissent le vocabulaire artistique et de nombreux motifs qui s’avèreront inestimables. A son retour de Rome, il se consacre à des vues pittoresques destinées aux étrangers. Avec l’imprimeur Giovanni Volpato, il publie, en 1780, le grand format « Vues de Rome et ses environs ». La série fut un grand succès. La vue du Panthéon publiée dans cette série servit de base à notre aquarelle. La seule autre version connue est dans une collection privée à Genève (Cat. exp. "A.L.R. Ducros, Paysages d’Italie à l’époque de Goethe", Musée cantonal des Beaux-arts de Lausanne, 1986, p. 81, cat. 29f; cat. 30 mentionne une aquarelle dans une collection privée à Genève, H. 77 cm ; L. 114 cm.). Sans doute encouragé par le succès de ses gravures romaines et par l’exemple de Jakob Philipp Hackert, John ‘Warwick’ Smith, Carlo Labruzzi et de John Robert Cozens, Ducros entreprend en 1784 une série d’aquarelles, regardées aujourd’hui comme ses œuvres les plus abouties. Il est le premier artiste à utiliser l’aquarelle au-delà de la tradition. Ses dessins sont rehaussés de gouache et touches de vernis pour donner un meilleur effet. Leurs dimensions supposent de joindre plusieurs feuilles de papier jointées et collées sur une toile. Les œuvres étaient encadrées et vernies pour la vente. Elles sont décoratives plus que destinées à un cabinet d’amateur ou portfolios. Notre aquarelle est un rare exemple de ces œuvres, bien conservé, monté sur sa toile et châssis d’origine , dans son cadre avec les instructions de conservation données par l’artiste lui-même, encore présentes au dos. (C’est exceptionnel. Le restaurateur Olivier Masson note dans son chapitre sur la conservation des aquarelles de Ducros pour l’exposition de Lausanne en 1986 qu’elles avaient du toutes être séparées de leur toile abîmée et montées sur de nouveaux châssis et de nouvelles toiles, sans parler des restaurations des aquarelles elles-même ; voir Jacob, op. cit., p.43. Ducros avait l’habitude de donner ses instructions au dos de ses aquarelles dans l’intention de les protéger. Par chance les instructions pour cette aquarelle sont toujours présentes.) L’œuvre de Ducros fut largement admiré par les collectionneurs et amateurs du début du XIXème en Angleterre et en Russie et son nom apparaît souvent dans la presse. Parmi ses clients, on compte Catherine La Grande, le Grand Duc Paul, Sir Richard Colt Hoare of Stourhead, Sir John Acton et le roi Gustaf III de Suède. A Londres, ses œuvres sont vendues à des prix très élevés à la vente de la Collection Cawdor en juin 1800, atteignant quatre fois le prix payé par Lord Cawdor lors de son Grand Tour quinze ans plus tôt. Le Panthéon est le monument le mieux conservé de Rome. Construit par l’Empereur Hadrien en 118-125, il fut transformé en église par le pape Boniface IV en 609. Bernin lui ajoute deux tourelles et deux portes monumentales en 1630. L’aquarelle de Ducros ignore les ajouts baroques du Bernin, en lui conservant l’esprit de son temps, et montre le monument dans son aspect général. Piranèse adopte la même approche en 1761 : la fontaine de la place Rotonde, dessinée en 1578 par Giacomo della Porta, est montrée dans le fond à gauche. Elle est surmontée d’un obélisque découvert en 1711 lors de fouilles près de l’église St Ignace de Loyola. >> English: Title:" View of the Pantheon, Rome " [1] Technique: Water-colour, body-colour and brown ink, partly varnished, Verso engraving of Ducros: Avis Label inscribed in ink: Pantheon Branded mark on the stretcher: GHEH Provenance: Private collection, England (early 19th century) Text by Mrs Annie Gilet:<< Late 18th and early 19th century artists and collectors regarded Louis Ducros as one of the leading figures in landscape painting in the medium of watercolour. His work was intended to appeal to the taste of collectors who had visited Rome and Naples on the Grand Tour. They were to furnish their houses with topographical renderings of the famous Grand Tour-sights. Ducros spent his formative years in Geneva and travelled to Rome in 1778. He was to complete a series of landscapes and views of ancient monuments while travelling in the employ of a Dutchman in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The sketches he made provided him with an artistic vocabulary and a range of motifs that later proved invaluable. On his return to Rome he concentrated on picturesque views designed to interest foreign visitors. He published the large-format work "Vues de Rome et ses Environs " together with the printmaker Giovanni Volpato in 1780. The series was a runaway success. The " view of the Pantheon " published in the series served as a basis for the present watercolour. The only other known version is in a private collection in Geneva. In 1784 he embarked on the large-scale watercolours which are now seen as his finest artistic achievement, no doubt encouraged by the success of his Roman prints and by the examples set by Jakob Philipp Hackert, John ‘Warwick’ Smith, Carlo Labruzzi and John Robert Cozens. He was one of the first artists to take the medium of watercolour further than tradition dictated. His drawings were heightened with body-colour and touches of varnish to achieve greater effect. The dimensions demanded the use of a number of sheets which he joined together and pasted on to the canvas. The works were framed and glazed for sale. His watercolours were intended to be hung for decorative effect rather than assigned to collectors’ cabinets or portfolios. The present watercolour is a rare example of a well-preserved work still mounted on its original canvas and stretcher and in its original frame – with the artist’s own conservatorial instructions still on the verso. Ducros’s work was widely admired by early 19th-century collectors and connoisseurs – particularly in England and Russia – and his name frequently appeared in the press. His clients included Catherine the Great, Grand Duke Paul, Sir Richard Colt Hoare of Stourhead, Sir John Acton and King Gustaf III of Sweden. In London his works sold for extraordinarily high prices: at the sale of the Cawdor Collection in June 1800 they made four times the price Lord Cawdor had paid for them on his Grand Tour fifteen years earlier. The Pantheon is the best-preserved ancient building in Rome. Built by Emperor Hadrian in AD 118-25, it was converted into a church by Pope Boniface IV in 609. Bernini added two turrets and two monumental bronze entrance doors in 1630. Ducros’s watercolour omits – in keeping with the spirit of his times – Bernini’s Baroque additions and shows the building in its ancient guise. Piranesi had adopted the same approach in 1761. The Piazza Rotonda fountain, designed in 1578 by Giacomo della Porta, is shown in the foreground to the left. It is surmounted by an obelisk discovered in 1711 when excavations were carried out near the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola.>> |
Date | (1784 onwards) |
Source | https://galerieheim.com/oeuvres/ducros-vue-du-pantheon-rome/ |
Author | Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros (Moudon, 1748 - Lausanne, 1810), Swiss engraver and watercolourist |
Permission (Reusing this file) |
public domain |
Other versions |
Another version was sold on 3 July 2018 at Christie's: Details :"The Pantheon, Rome" [2]
by Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros (Yverdon [sic] 1748 - 1810 Lausanne)
Technique: black chalk, pen and brown ink, watercolour, heightened with bodycolour, on two joined sheets Dimensions: 30 3/8 x 43 in. (847 x 1092 mm.)
Provenance: Probably acquired from the artist by the ancestors of the present owners, a Swiss family.
Lot Essay :In 1778, shortly after Ducros's arrival in Rome, he was employed by the Dutchman Nicolas Ten Hove to accompany him to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. This 'Grand Tour' took him to southern Italy, Malta and Sicily, where he painted topographical views of Mediterranean landscapes and ancient monuments, and was to have a decisive effect on his career. The drawings he took back with him provided a repertoire of ruins, views and picturesque scenes which he re-used in his later work.
On his return to Rome Ducros went into business with the engraver Giovanni Volpato (1732-1803), well known for his hand-coloured prints of Raphael's loggie and stanze at the Vatican. They published several series of handcoloured prints of views of Rome which were immensely popular. Ducros' first large pictures were oils commissioned before 1784 and it is unlikely that he painted watercolours of a similar size before that date. His decision to use watercolour on such a grand scale was probably due to the success of the large hand-coloured prints and the activity of artists such as Jacob Philipp Hackert (1752-1797) and John Robert Cozens (1737-1807) who were also working in Rome at that time.
Some of Ducros' watercolours are on a single sheet but most, like this one, are the result of several sheets joined together to obtain the desired larger format. This allowed him to paint landscapes of an exceptional size which were then laid down on canvas and mounted onto a stretcher in order to preserve and exhibit them. Most were framed and put under glass and the artist clearly intended them to compete with compositions in oil.
In 1782 Ducros moved to a gallery and studio in the Strada della Croce where he remained until 1793, the year he was forced out of Rome by a group of jealous artists who had implicated him in the murder of the French diplomat Hugou de Bassville. By his own account he had been falsely described as 'a very dangerous man, attached to the French Republican party' and so fled with very few belongings to Naples. In a letter dated 1 April 1799 to the Paris Directory, from whom he was trying to gain compensation for his losses in Rome, he included a studio catalogue of Des Vues de Rome et des environs peintes, a l'acquarelle chez LOUIS DU CROS peintre de Paysage rue de la croix à Rome. In the accompanying letter he writes that he had 'a collection of coloured views... which were a profitable employment for [his] firm' and it is possible that this present watercolour is no. 21 "Vue de l'extérieur du Panthéon" from this catalogue.
Although trained as a topographical view painter, Ducros was influenced by Panini, Piranesi and Hubert Robert, evident in his treatment of ancient monuments and architecture. His use of watercolour rather than oil gave him greater freedom of expression, allowing him to play with light and shade and to modulate colour, all of which he demonstrates in this impressive sheet.
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