File:Clean Image Infant Stars in Orion (2021-006).png

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These four images taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope reveal the chaotic birth of stars in the Orion complex, the nearest major star-forming region to Earth.

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Description	English: These four images taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope reveal the chaotic birth of stars in the Orion complex, the nearest major star-forming region to Earth.
Date	Taken in 2021
Source	Clean Image Infant Stars in Orion
Author	IMAGE: NASA, ESA, STScI, Nolan Habel (UToledo), Tom Megeath (UToledo)
Other versions	TIF version

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This file is in the public domain because it was created by NASA and ESA. NASA Hubble material (and ESA Hubble material prior to 2009) is copyright-free and may be freely used as in the public domain without fee, on the condition that only NASA, STScI, and/or ESA is credited as the source of the material. This license does not apply if ESA material created after 2008 or source material from other organizations is in use.

The material was created for NASA by Space Telescope Science Institute under Contract NAS5-26555, or for ESA by the Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre. Copyright statement at hubblesite.org or 2008 copyright statement at spacetelescope.org.

For material created by the European Space Agency on the spacetelescope.org site since 2009, use the {{ESA-Hubble}} tag.

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Author	Space Telescope Science Institute Office of Public Outreach
Image title	Though our galaxy is an immense city of at least 200 billion stars, the details of how they formed remain largely cloaked in mystery.Scientists know that stars form from the collapse of huge hydrogen clouds that are squeezed under gravity to the point where nuclear fusion ignites. But only about 30 percent of the cloud’s initial mass winds up as a newborn star. Where does the rest of the hydrogen go during such a terribly inefficient process?It has been assumed that a newly forming star blows off a lot of hot gas through light-saber-shaped outflowing jets and hurricane-like winds launched from the encircling disk by powerful magnetic fields. These fireworks should squelch further growth of the central star. But a new, comprehensive Hubble survey shows that this most common explanation doesn’t seem to work, leaving astronomers puzzled.Researchers used data previously collected from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes and the European Space Agency’s Herschel Space Telescope to analyze 304 developing stars, called protostars, in the Orion Complex, the nearest major star-forming region to Earth. (Spitzer and Herschel are no longer operational.)In this largest-ever survey of nascent stars to date, researchers are finding that gas clearing by a star’s outflow may not be as important in determining its final mass, as conventional theories suggest. The researchers’ goal was to determine whether stellar outflows halt the infall of gas onto a star and stop it from growing.Instead, they found that the cavities in the surrounding gas cloud sculpted by a forming star’s outflow did not grow over time, as theories propose.“In one stellar formation model, if you start out with a small cavity, as the protostar rapidly becomes more evolved, its outflow creates an ever-larger cavity until the surrounding gas is eventually blown away, leaving an isolated star,” explained lead researcher Nolan Habel of the University of Toledo in Ohio.“Our observations indicate there is no progressive growth that we can find, so the cavities are not growing until they push out all of the mass in the cloud. So, there must be some other reason why the gas doesn’t all end up in a star.”
Short title	Hubble Shows Torrential Outflows from Infant Stars May Not Stop Them from Growing
Credit/Provider	NASA, ESA, N. Habel and S. T. Megeath (University of Toledo)
Headline	A Star is Born
Source	STScI
Usage terms	http://hubblesite.org/copyright/
Color space	sRGB
Exif version	2.31
Image width	4,181 px
Image height	3,630 px
Bits per component	8 8 8
Height	3,630 px
Width	4,181 px
Pixel composition	RGB
Number of components	3
Horizontal resolution	300 dpi
Vertical resolution	300 dpi
Contact information	outreach@stsci.edu http://hubblesite.org 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore, MD, 21218 USA 410-338-4444
Keywords	Orion Nebula
Date metadata was last modified	10:50, 2 February 2021
Unique ID of original document	2FED2BDE27349BAD84A3DA8C382E7590
File change date and time	06:14, 1 February 2021

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