File:Cement houses and how to build them. (1908) (14783060785).jpg

Identifier: CementHousesAndHowToBuildThem (find matches)
Title: Cement houses and how to build them.
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors: William A. Radford
Subjects: house plans -- catalogs domestic architecture cement houses concrete houses
Publisher: Radford Architectural Company
Contributing Library: MBJ collection

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e fact remainsthat gravel is used fully as extensively andwith good results. It would appear nat-urally that crushed stone, on account of itsangular shape, would have a better bindingquality after tamping than gravel which issmooth and rounded. Still gravel con-crete has many supporters, principally be-cause it is more often cheaper and moreeasy of access than crushed stone. Screening the Gravel. It is a little moretrouble, but almost always best, to screenout the sand from the gravel, or the finematerial from the crusher stone, and thenremix it in the proportions required by thespecifications, for otherwise, the propor-tions will vary at different points, and onemust pay for an excess of cement to bal-ance the lack of uniformity. If gravel isused it is absolutely essential that it shall 34 CEMENT HOUSES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM. be clean, because if clay or loam adheres tothe particles the adhesion of the cementwill be destroyed or weakened. Tests ofthe Boston Transit commission give an
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Fig. 3F-^GeneraI details showing the work at the corniceand the bolt method of construction. average unit transverse strength of 606pounds per square inch for concrete madewith clean gravel, as against 446 poundsper square inch when made with dirtygravel.Best Sizes to Use. In the case of both stone and gravel the coarsest should pre-dominate, because they increase thestrength of the concrete and a leaner mix-ture can be used than with small stone. Inmass concrete the stones, if too large, areliable to separate from the mortar unlessplaced by hand or derrick as in rubble con-crete, and a practical maximum size is2y2 or 3 inches. In thin walls, floors andother reinforced construction, a 1-inchmaximum size is generally as large as canbe easily worked between the steel. Insome cases where the walls are very thin,3 or 4 inches, a % inch maximum size ismore convenient to handle. Water. Cleanliness. The first word to be urgedunder this section is cleanliness.f Noth-ing but pure, clean water

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