File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (19881991203).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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PLATE XCIX. STAGHORN SUMACH 1. Branch with a flower panicle and mature leaves, x J. 'J. A staminate flower, enlarged. ."(. A pistillate flower, enlarged. 4. All erect cone-like fruit cluhter, x J. â 'â¢. A single luiiry fruit, enlarged. U. A hairy winter twig, x J. 7. A bud almost Kurruunde8f-R08r enlarged. 'Br 191 STAGHORN SUMACH Rhus typhina, Linnaeus FORKâA Bhnib or small tree usually reaching a height of 10 20 ft, but may reach a height of 40 ft. with a diameter of 16 inches. Trunk usually short, bearing a broad flat-topped crown. Lateral branches are decidedly ascending. BARKâOn old trunks rough, dark brown, sometimes scaly; on younger trunks and branches smooth, thin, somewhat papery, covered with numerous lenticels which later develop into rough dots. Rich in tannin. TWIGBâCovered for 3 years with brown to black velvety pubescence, later smooth, stout, clumsy; If cut or pnnctured exude a milky Juice, which turns black upon exposiu-e. Twigs are often frozen back in winter. They are covered with conspicuous orange-colored lenticels, and contain a large yellowish-brown pith. BUDftâAlternate; terminal bud absent; conical, spherical obtuse, covered with dense rusty haini. LEAVESâAlternate, compound, 16-24 inches long, with stout wingless petiole and 11-31 leaflets. Leaflets oblong, 2-5 inches long, nearly sessile, acute at apex, serrate on margin, rounded or hfnrt-shaped at base; when mature smooth, dark green above, and pale beneath. LEAF-SCARSâAlternate, nearly encircle bud, large, conspicuous. U-shaped, contain scattered bundle-scars sometimes grouped in 3s. FLOWERSâAppear in May or June. Occur in dense yellowlshrgreen panicles. Staminate panicles are about 8-12 inches long and 6-6 inches broad. Pistillate panicles are only 5-8 inches long but more compact. FRUITâArranged in compact, erect, cone-like, red clusters which are 5-8 inchea long, 2-8 inches broad and persist far Into winter. Only plants bearing pistillate flowers prodoce fruit. The single fruit is a spherical drupe covered with red hairs and contains a small hard seed. Sumachs with red fruit are not poisonous. WOODâRing porous; brittle, soft, orange-colored, streaked with green, rather satiny to touch. Sapwood broad and white. Weighs 27 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for manufacture of spiles, cups, napkin rings, and balls for darning stockings. DISTIKGTTISHIHG CHARACTERISTICSâThe Staghom Sumach, also known as Velvet Sumach, can be distinguished from all our native Sumachs by its velvety pubescent twigs The Smooth Sumach (Rhus glabra L.) is usually smaller and has Ite twigs covered with a bloom Dot not with pubescence. The D>varf Sumach (Rhus copallina) has winged petio es and a ^^t^^r Jnlce while the Staghom Sumach has no winged leaf-petioles but has a mUky juice. The Poison Sumach has a terminal bud, white drwping fruit, entire leaf-margins, leaf-scars which do not encircle buds, and frequenta awamps. while the Staghorn Sumach has no te"«^"fl ^ud. has red and erect fruit clusters, serrate leaf-margins, leaf-scars which almost encircle buds, and frequents dry soils. RANOEâNew Brunswick to Minnesota, and southward to Georgia and Alabama. DI8TRIBUTI0K IK PENNSYLVANIAâLocally throughout the State. Very common in eastern and southern parts. Rarer In northern and western parts. HABITATâUsually found on fertile dry upland soil, streams. Frequenta abandoned fields and fences. ncPORTANCE OF THE SPECIESâThe Staghom Sunmch la of little commercial Importance. ThTwo^ is rarely used. The bark of the stem and roots, and the leaves are rich in tannin. It Is occasionally planted for ornamental purposes. Rarer on borders of swamps and

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