File:Anne of Cleves, miniature by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg

English: Portrait miniature of a woman, full face, head and shoulders, to front, in a circular box with a lid, into which is carved in the form of petals, a Tudor rose.

Anne of Cleves (1515–57), a daughter of John III, Duke of Cleves, was the fourth wife of Henry VIII. Holbein was sent to paint her at Düren in summer 1539, so that Henry could appraise her as a possible wife. Holbein posed Anne square-on and in elaborate finery. Henry was disappointed with her in the flesh, and he divorced her after a brief, unconsummated marriage. He redesignated Anne as "king's sister", and she remained in England, where she died during the reign of Queen Mary.

Holbein is presumed to have painted the miniature in Düren. A version on parchment, in the Louvre, was probably painted at the same time. Holbein also produced a portrait of Anne's sister, Amelia, which is now lost. Nicholas Wotton, the head of the English delegation, reported to Henry: "Your Grace's servant Hanze Albein hathe taken th'effigies of my lady Anne and the lady Amelye and hath expressed theyr images very lyvely". The tradition that Holbein flattered Anne is not borne out by the evidence: no one except Henry ever described her as repugnant.

English: jewelled carcan — carcanet — carcanett — carkanet — carkenet