File:American homes and gardens (1910) (17531039514).jpg

Title: American homes and gardens
Identifier: americanhomesgar71910newy (find matches)
Year: 1905 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Architecture, Domestic; Landscape gardening
Publisher: New York : Munn and Co
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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mmm - m«RicssoM Be sure that the name REECO-HII Ih K or HttCO-tHIUNNIJW ='PP"" "POn the pump you purchase. w^f" III U loll «iin»ti«. V,! ;I V%* Wl» This name pro- tects you against worthless imitations. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a repu- table dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine numo- Over 40,000 arc in use throughout the world to-day. IVrite for Catalogue E, ^^d atk for reduced price-list. Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. HOT-AIR Pn.MP » Warren Street, New York 411 Dearborn Street, Chicago 234 West Craig Street, Montreal, 1'. Q. 239 Franklin Street, Boston 40 Nortb 7tli Street, I'liiladelphia 22 Pitt Street, SyJney, N.S.W. (Also builders of the new "Reeco" Electric Pump) s^^^bea^i^ii^Xi Sim THE NEW YEAl
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Scientific American ONE YEAR WITH Success Magazine ONE YEAR ^ WEBSTER'S Intercollegiate Dictionary ALL FOR $5.00 The Dictionary is new from cover to cover, built on a novel practical plan which reduces the Massive Lexicon to the proportions of an Oxford Teacher's Bible. The book contains many hundreds of text illustrations and twelve full page color plates. It defines 50,000 words and has 1224 pages beauti- fully printed from clear new plates, in large type made especially for this edition, on Bible paper. It is bound in full Morocco with red edges and thumb index and it is altogether the handiest, most practical and up to date Dictionary published. MUNN & CO.. Inc.. 361 Broadway. New York DESTRUCTION OF WOOD BORERS IN OUR waters there are two genera of mollusks, viz., Xylotrya and Teredo, and three of crustaceans, viz., Limnoria, Chelura, and Spha^ronia, that attack and seriously damage structures of wood in salt water. The Xylotrya and Teredo are very similar in structure and action. The former are by far the more numerous, and what are commonly called Teredo are, in the large majority of cases, Xylotrya, and all refer- ences to the Xylotrya will be understood to refer to both genera. When first coming to life the Xylotrya is very minute, being the thickness of a hair and about one-twentieth of an inch long. When very young it attacks the wood in countless thousands, and immediately begins to bore. In structure it is comparatively simple. Its body consists mainly of a tube beginning at the posterior end of the body, running to the head, and then returning to the posterior end. At the head end is a sucker-like foot or tongue inclosed in two shell valves which are provided with fine, hard, tooth-Uke pro- tuberances. It is with these valves that the boring is made. Through the longer end of the tube water is taken in, passed through the body, through the return tube, and is ejected through the shorter end with the wood borings and the excreta. It does not appear that the Xylotrya gathers any sus- tenance from the wood, its food consisting only of the infusoria in the water. Of the crustacean borers the Limnoria, or "wood louse," is the only one of great importance. It is about the size of a grain of rice, and tunnels into the wood for both food and shelter. The Httle galleries ex- cavated are about one-half inch long and ex- tend inward radially, side by side, in count- less numbers, so that the wood partitions be- tween them, which are very thin, aresoon destroyed by wave action, thus exposing a fresh wood surface to attack. A new method of destroying these borers has been found. The piles to be treated are inclosed by a canvas apron supported by floats, and kept in an upright position in the water by weights at the lower end. The in- closed space is ordinarily not more than 40X 80 feet square. The water in the inclosure underneath is decomposed by means of an electric current, and chlorine, with small quantities of bromine and iodine, are formed, rising through the water around the piles. By a mechanical contrivance the apron and electrical terminals can be lowered to the mud level and gradually raised, the gases being constantly generated in the inclosure. As previously seen, the Xylotrya draws in water through one end of the tube, always exposed, which passes through the entire body. It has been proven that a mixture of one part of chlorine to one-half million parts of water is sufficient to destroy life in marine animals, so a very small quantity passing through this breath- ing tube causes death. As the Limnoria obtains a part of its food from the water, the same result is obtained with this type of borer. It is true that one appHcation of this method simply kills the borers existing in the pile and surrounding waters, and does not prevent further ravages from others, but the process is so cheap that it can be applied as often as necessary, say every two or three months, thus insuring long life to an unprotected pile. A public demonstration of this method of destroying wood borers was recently made in the waters of Elliott Bay, the inventors using for the purpose of generating the

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