File:Allometric Law of Body Mass vs Cruising Speed in Constructal Theory.svg
Original file (SVG file, nominally 1,350 × 900 pixels, file size: 160 KB)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionAllometric Law of Body Mass vs Cruising Speed in Constructal Theory.svg |
English: The proportionality between the optimal cruising speed for flying bodies (insects, birds, airplanes) and body mass in kg raised to the is an allometric law predicted by Konstruktalteori:
Español: La proporcionalidad entre la velocidad óptima de crucero para los cuerpos voladores (insectos, aves, aviones) y el cuerpo de masa en kg planteadas a la es una ley alométrica predicha por Konstruktalteori:
Svenska: Proportionaliteten mellan den optimala marschfarten för flygande kroppar (insekter, fåglar, flygplan) och kroppsmassa i kg upphöjt till är en allometrisk lag förutsagd av Konstruktalteori:
|
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Nicoguaro |
This file was created with Python,NumPy and Matplotlib.
from __future__ import division
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams
rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
rcParams['font.size'] = 12
# Data
masses = np.loadtxt("Allometric_law.csv", skiprows=1, delimiter=",",
usecols=(0,))
speeds = np.loadtxt("Allometric_law.csv", skiprows=1, delimiter=",",
usecols=(1,))
names = np.loadtxt("Allometric_law.csv", skiprows=1, delimiter=",",
usecols=(2,), dtype=str)
groups = np.loadtxt("Allometric_law.csv", skiprows=1, delimiter=",",
usecols=(3,), dtype=str)
posx = np.loadtxt("Allometric_law.csv", skiprows=1, delimiter=",",
usecols=(4,), dtype=int)
va = np.loadtxt("Allometric_law.csv", skiprows=1, delimiter=",",
usecols=(5,), dtype=str)
x_vals = np.logspace(-5, 6)
y_vals = 30*x_vals**(1./6.)
# Big plot
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 10))
ax = plt.subplot(111)
box = ax.get_position()
ax.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width, 0.7*box.height])
plt.plot(x_vals, y_vals, "k", zorder=3, alpha=0.4)
plt.loglog(masses, speeds, "ko", zorder=5)
plt.xlabel("Mass (kg)")
plt.ylabel("Speed (m/s)")
plt.yticks([1, 10, 100, 300], [1, 10, 100, 300])
plt.ylim([1, 300])
for cont in range(len(masses)):
mass = masses[cont]
speed = speeds[cont]
name = names[cont]
if va[cont] == "top":
pos = (posx[cont], -10)
else:
pos = (posx[cont], 10)
plt.annotate(name, xy=(mass, speed), xytext=pos,
textcoords="offset points", ha="center", va=va[cont],
rotation="vertical", backgroundcolor="white", zorder=4,
fontsize=10)
# Small plot
ax2 = plt.axes([.2, .6, .4, .32])
plt.loglog(masses[groups=="Insects"], speeds[groups=="Insects"],
marker="o", mfc="white", lw=0)
plt.loglog(masses[groups=="Birds"], speeds[groups=="Birds"],
marker="s", mfc="grey", lw=0)
plt.loglog(masses[groups=="Airplanes"], speeds[groups=="Airplanes"],
marker="^", mfc="black", lw=0)
plt.annotate("Insects", xy=(2e-5, 2))
plt.annotate("Birds", xy=(0.2, 4))
plt.annotate("Airplanes", xy=(4e3, 40))
plt.xticks([1e-5, 1, 1e5], [r"$10^{-5}$", r"$1$", r"$10^{5}$"])
plt.yticks([1, 10, 100], [r"$1$", r"$10$", r"$100$"])
plt.xlabel("Mass (kg)", fontsize=10)
plt.ylabel("Speed (m/s)", fontsize=10)
plt.ylim([1, 300])
plt.savefig("Allometric_Law_of_Body_Mass_vs_Cruising_Speed_in_Constructal_Theory.svg")
plt.show()
The datafile (Allometric_law.csv) is presented in te table below. The last two columns contain data related to the alignment of the text in the image.
Mass (kg) | Speed (m/s) | Animal | Group | Horizontal alignment | Vertical alignment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0000109 | 3.9731 | House fly | Insects | 5 | top |
0.0000491 | 6.24218 | Meat fly | Insects | 2 | bottom |
0.0000715 | 6.91698 | Honey bee | Insects | 2 | top |
0.000165265 | 5.86246 | Hornet | Insects | 2 | bottom |
0.000212458 | 7.05465 | Bumblebee | Insects | 2 | top |
0.000715394 | 6.35818 | Dung beetle | Insects | 2 | bottom |
0.00309677 | 7.96499 | Ruby-throated hummingbird | Birds | 2 | bottom |
0.00398107 | 5.6114 | Goldcrest | Birds | 2 | top |
0.00919679 | 5.84334 | Magnolia warbler | Birds | 0 | bottom |
0.0108734 | 7.63583 | House wren | Birds | 3 | top |
0.0145759 | 5.60548 | Sand martin | Birds | 2 | bottom |
0.0195393 | 6.34111 | Barn swallow | Birds | 2 | top |
0.0284804 | 8.63321 | House sparrow | Birds | 2 | bottom |
0.0309677 | 6.88293 | Skylark | Birds | 2 | top |
0.0919679 | 9.75921 | Blue jay | Birds | 2 | bottom |
0.251189 | 8.98027 | Sparrow hawk | Birds | 2 | top |
0.415128 | 15.3328 | Partridge | Birds | 2 | bottom |
0.777874 | 12.4731 | Peregrine falcon | Birds | 2 | top |
1.23285 | 18.4383 | Pheasant | Birds | 2 | bottom |
1.39783 | 9.94023 | Blue heron | Birds | 2 | top |
2.12458 | 12.7222 | Black vulture | Birds | 2 | bottom |
3.09677 | 16.9678 | Gannet | Birds | 0 | top |
3.51119 | 13.2516 | White stork | Birds | 7 | bottom |
4.90805 | 13.5236 | Golden eagle | Birds | 2 | top |
5.80278 | 22.6257 | Canada goose | Birds | 2 | bottom |
9.19679 | 18.7912 | Wandering albatross | Birds | 2 | top |
12.3285 | 20.824 | Mute swan | Birds | 2 | bottom |
1042.75 | 45.3753 | Piper Warrior | Airplanes | 2 | top |
1519.91 | 49.2557 | Beech Bonanza | Airplanes | 2 | top |
1953.93 | 56.881 | Beech Baron | Airplanes | 5 | top |
4151.28 | 64.3216 | Beech King Air | Airplanes | 2 | top |
7153.94 | 85.7753 | Leerjet 31 | Airplanes | 2 | top |
12328.5 | 107.532 | F-16 | Airplanes | 2 | top |
20374.7 | 121.624 | Mig-23 | Airplanes | 2 | top |
45138.3 | 199.233 | Fokker F-28 | Airplanes | -5 | top |
55648.6 | 131.958 | F-14 | Airplanes | 2 | top |
58027.8 | 220.793 | Boeing 737 | Airplanes | 10 | top |
145759 | 234.687 | Airbus A310 | Airplanes | 2 | top |
273126 | 244.429 | Douglas DC-10 | Airplanes | 2 | top |
415128 | 249.429 | Boeing 747 | Airplanes | 2 | top |
Licensing
[edit]- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 00:35, 10 February 2016 | 1,350 × 900 (160 KB) | Nicoguaro (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Width | 1080pt |
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Height | 720pt |