File:ALMA peers into the hearts of stellar nurseries.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionALMA peers into the hearts of stellar nurseries.jpg |
English: With their spectacular glowing arms, grand spiral galaxies seem to get all the attention — but NGC 6822, a barred irregular dwarf galaxy, proves that regular spirals do not have a monopoly on galactic beauty. Also called Barnard’s galaxy, NGC 6822 is located in the constellation of Sagittarius just 1.6 million light-years away and is brimming with rich star formation regions.
This new image is a composite of older observations made with the Wide Field Imager attached to the 2.2-metre MPG/ESO telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory and new data collected by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The areas observed with ALMA are highlighted in the image and can be seen here in detail. The observations by ALMA reveal the structure of star-forming gas clouds in unprecedented resolution. Observations in our own galaxy have shown that stars form in the dense cores of giant clouds of molecular hydrogen gas, the only places where gas can become cold enough to collapse under its own gravity. These conditions also foster the formation of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, which are an indispensable tool in helping astronomers to detect galactic molecular hydrogen gas. Until recently, astronomers have only been able to resolve star formation regions within the Milky Way — but now ALMA’s sharp sight provides a window into star formation in other galaxies. The analysis of the data revealed that, unlike in our own galaxy, the observed molecules are concentrated into small, dense cores of gas. This explains why it has been so hard to observe extragalactic star formation regions so far, especially in low mass, low metallicity galaxies. ALMA also found that the cores in NGC 6822 behave remarkably similarly to stellar nurseries in the Milky Way, indicating that the physics of star formation in these low-mass galaxies resemble that which we see in our own galaxy.Español: Con sus espectaculares brazos brillantes, las enormes galaxias espirales parecen acaparar toda nuestra atención, pero NGC 6822, una galaxia enana irregular barrada, demuestra que las galaxias espirales no tienen el monopolio de la belleza galáctica. También conocida como galaxia de Barnard, NGC 6822 se encuentra en la constelación de Sagitario, a solo 1,6 millones de años luz de distancia, y está llena de regiones de abundante formación estelar.
Esta nueva imagen es una composición formada por observaciones anteriores hechas con el instrumento Wide Field Imager, instalado en el Telescopio MPG/ESO de 2,2 metros en el Observatorio La Silla de ESO, y los nuevos datos recogidos por ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array). Las áreas observadas con ALMA se destacan en la imagen y pueden verse aquí en detalle. Las observaciones de ALMA revelan, con una resolución sin precedentes, la estructura de las nubes de gas en las que se están formando estrellas. Observaciones realizadas en nuestra propia Galaxia han demostrado que las estrellas se forman en los núcleos densos de nubes gigantes de gas de hidrógeno molecular, los únicos lugares donde el gas puede llegar a ser lo suficientemente frío como para colapsar bajo su propia gravedad. Estas condiciones también fomentan la formación de otras moléculas como monóxido de carbono, una herramienta indispensable para ayudar a los astrónomos a detectar el gas de hidrógeno molecular galáctico. Hasta hace poco, los astrónomos sólo habían sido capaces de resolver las regiones de formación estelar que están dentro de la Vía Láctea, pero ahora, la aguda vista de ALMA nos permite estudiar la formación de estrellas en otras galaxias. El análisis de los datos reveló que, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en nuestra propia galaxia, las moléculas observadas se concentran en pequeños y densos núcleos de gas. Esto explica por qué, hasta ahora, ha sido tan difícil observar las regiones de formación estelar extragalácticas, especialmente en galaxias de baja masa y baja metalicidad. ALMA también descubrió que los núcleos en NGC 6822 se comportan de formas bastante parecidas a las guarderías estelares que hay en la Vía Láctea, lo que indica que la física de formación de estrellas en estas galaxias de baja masa se asemejan a lo que vemos en nuestra propia galaxia.Deutsch: Dank ihrer spektakulär aussehenden Spiralarme bekommen große Spiralnebel einen Großteil der Aufmerksamkeit ab – doch zeigt NGC 6822, eine irreguläre Zwerggalaxie, dass regelmäßige Spiralen kein Monopol auf galaktische Schönheit besitzen. Auch als Barnards Galaxie bekannt, steht NGC 6822 im Sternbild Sagittarius (Schütze) nur etwa 1,6 Millionen Lichtjahre von uns entfernt und ist gespickt mit dichten Sternentstehungsregionen.
Dieses neue Bild ist eine Überlagerung älterer Beobachtungen mit dem Wide Field Imager am 2,2-Meter MPG/ESO Teleskop des La Silla Observatoriums der ESO und von neuen, mit dem Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) gewonnenen Daten. Die von ALMA beobachteten Gebiete sind im Bild markiert und können hier im Detail betrachtet werden. Die Beobachtungen von ALMA lassen in bisher unerreichter Auflösung die Struktur der Gaswolken erkennen, in denen Sterne entstehen. Beobachtungen in unserer eigenen Galaxie haben gezeigt, dass Sterne sich im dichten Kernbereich großer Wolken aus molekularem Wasserstoff bilden, dem einzigen Ort, an dem das Gas kalt genug ist, um unter seiner eigenen Schwerkraft zu kollabieren. Diese Bedingungen fördern auch die Entstehung anderer Moleküle wie zum Beispiel Kohlenstoffmonoxid, die für das Aufspüren galaktischer Wolken molekularen Wasserstoffs unabkömmlich geworden sind. Bis vor Kurzem konnten Astronomen nur Sternentstehungsregionen innerhalb unserer eigenen Milchstraße auflösen – doch jetzt hat das scharfe Auge von ALMA ein Fenster in die Sternentstehungsregionen anderen Galaxien geöffnet. Die Datenanalyse hat gezeigt, dass im Gegensatz zu unserer eigenen Galaxis die beobachteten Molekülwolken in kleinen, dichten Kernregionen komprimiert sind. Das erklärt auch, warum es bislang so schwierig war, extragalaktische Sternentstehungsregionen zu beobachten, besonders in Galaxien mit niedriger Masse und kleinem Metallgehalt. ALMA hat auch entdeckt, dass die Kerne in NGC 6822 sich erstaunlich ähnlich zu Sternentstehungsregionen in unserer eigenen Milchstraße verhalten, was zeigt, dass die Prozesse der Sternentstehung in solchen massearmen Galaxien denen in unserer eigenen Galaxis ähneln. |
Date | |
Source | https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1711a/ |
Author | ESO, ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/A. Schruba, VLA (NRAO)/Y. Bagetakos/Little THINGS |
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Source | European Southern Observatory |
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Credit/Provider | ESO, ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/A. Schruba, VLA (NRAO)/Y. Bagetakos/Little THINGS |
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Date and time of data generation | 06:00, 13 March 2017 |
JPEG file comment | Astronomers obtained this portrait of Barnard’s Galaxy using the Wide Field Imager attached to the 2.2-metre MPG/ESO telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. Also known as NGC 6822, this dwarf irregular galaxy is one of the Milky Way’s galactic neighbours. The dwarf galaxy has no shortage of stellar splendour and pyrotechnics. Reddish nebulae in this image reveal regions of active star formation, wherein young, hot stars heat up nearby gas clouds. Also prominent in the upper left of this new image is a striking bubble-shaped nebula. At the nebula’s centre, a clutch of massive, scorching stars send waves of matter smashing into surrounding interstellar material, generating a glowing structure that appears ring-like from our perspective. Other similar ripples of heated matter thrown out by feisty young stars are dotted across Barnard’s Galaxy. The image was made from data obtained through four different filters (B, V, R, and H-alpha). The field of view is 35 x 34 arcmin. |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 13:11, 4 March 2017 |
Date and time of digitizing | 19:15, 9 October 2009 |
Date metadata was last modified | 14:11, 4 March 2017 |
Unique ID of original document | uuid:96D6AED3E4B4DE11936EBD180BED20E2 |
Copyright status | Copyright status not set |
Keywords | NGC 6822 |
Contact information |
Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 Garching bei München, , D-85748 Germany |
IIM version | 4 |