File:9th century Golingeswara temple, Biccavolu Andhra Pradesh - 58.jpg

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A Shiva temple from the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi era

Summary

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Description
English: Biccavolu (Bikkavolu) is a village about 30 kilometers west of Kakinada, Eastern Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Prior to the 13th-century, it was a much larger historic town and religious center. It is called Birudanka and Birundankaprol of Vengidesa in historic Telugu and Sanskrit texts.
  • Major Hindu temples, particularly of the Shaiva tradition, were built in Biccavolu by the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi. Per inscriptions found in the temples and this area, these temples were complete and consecrated between the 8th and 10th-century. These temples and iconography therein are useful illustrations of innovative interpretations of early Sanskrit texts on temple architecture and the Hindu synthesis of ideas across those found from the Cholas in the South (Tamil Nadu), the Kalingas in the east (Odisha) and the western Deccan region's explorations (upper Karnataka).
  • The Golingeswara temple is dedicated to Shiva. It is from the mid 9th-century.
  • The temple's entrance is through a tall narrow gopura. The main temple has a mukhamandapa, antarala and square vimana in the Dravidian style. The adhisthanas are molded into a circular shape unlike the other important temples in Biccavolu.
  • Salilantara-recesses with kosthapanjaras searate the bhadra and karnas in this temple. The walls are notable for having imagery of Hindu gods and goddesses, something not found in many Eastern Chalukyan temples. Further, of note and unusual feature here, is the relative placement of the deities that combines the Kalinga Hindu tradition and the Chola Hindu tradition. For example, goddess Ganga is on the north as in Kalinga tradition, and Indra is on the south instead of Ganesha. The ardhamandapa walls follow the Chola convention. The second and third talas (storeys) fractally echo the tradition followed on the walls.
  • While the temple is dedicated to Shiva and Shaiva deities (Skanda, Ardhanarishvara, Bhiksatana), like most major Hindu temples all over India, the Golingeswara temple reverentially includes Vasihnava (Vishnu), Shakti (Mahisasuramardini, Ganga) as well as Vedic deities (Vayu, Agni, Surya, Brahma, Indra, and others).
  • The temple shows signs of natural erosion outside as well as intentional damage inside that is traceable to the period of Islamic invasion of the south to form the Deccan Sultanates.
  • For a secondary scholarly source with numerous other details about this temple, please see: Meister and Dhaky (1986), Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: South India Upper Dravidadesa Early Phase, Volume 1 Part 2 Text, Chapter 25.
Date
Source G.N. Subrahmanyam (OTRS 2021062810008185)
Author G.N. Subrahmanyam
Camera location16° 57′ 34.01″ N, 82° 02′ 54.08″ E  Heading=0° Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMapinfo

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