File:9th century Golingeswara temple, Biccavolu Andhra Pradesh - 48.jpg

From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Original file (4,160 × 2,811 pixels, file size: 5.95 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Captions

Captions

A Shiva temple from the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi era

Summary

[edit]
Description
English: Biccavolu (Bikkavolu) is a village about 30 kilometers west of Kakinada, Eastern Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Prior to the 13th-century, it was a much larger historic town and religious center. It is called Birudanka and Birundankaprol of Vengidesa in historic Telugu and Sanskrit texts.
  • Major Hindu temples, particularly of the Shaiva tradition, were built in Biccavolu by the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi. Per inscriptions found in the temples and this area, these temples were complete and consecrated between the 8th and 10th-century. These temples and iconography therein are useful illustrations of innovative interpretations of early Sanskrit texts on temple architecture and the Hindu synthesis of ideas across those found from the Cholas in the South (Tamil Nadu), the Kalingas in the east (Odisha) and the western Deccan region's explorations (upper Karnataka).
  • The Golingeswara temple is dedicated to Shiva. It is from the mid 9th-century.
  • The temple's entrance is through a tall narrow gopura. The main temple has a mukhamandapa, antarala and square vimana in the Dravidian style. The adhisthanas are molded into a circular shape unlike the other important temples in Biccavolu.
  • Salilantara-recesses with kosthapanjaras searate the bhadra and karnas in this temple. The walls are notable for having imagery of Hindu gods and goddesses, something not found in many Eastern Chalukyan temples. Further, of note and unusual feature here, is the relative placement of the deities that combines the Kalinga Hindu tradition and the Chola Hindu tradition. For example, goddess Ganga is on the north as in Kalinga tradition, and Indra is on the south instead of Ganesha. The ardhamandapa walls follow the Chola convention. The second and third talas (storeys) fractally echo the tradition followed on the walls.
  • While the temple is dedicated to Shiva and Shaiva deities (Skanda, Ardhanarishvara, Bhiksatana), like most major Hindu temples all over India, the Golingeswara temple reverentially includes Vasihnava (Vishnu), Shakti (Mahisasuramardini, Ganga) as well as Vedic deities (Vayu, Agni, Surya, Brahma, Indra, and others).
  • The temple shows signs of natural erosion outside as well as intentional damage inside that is traceable to the period of Islamic invasion of the south to form the Deccan Sultanates.
  • For a secondary scholarly source with numerous other details about this temple, please see: Meister and Dhaky (1986), Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: South India Upper Dravidadesa Early Phase, Volume 1 Part 2 Text, Chapter 25.
Date
Source G.N. Subrahmanyam (OTRS 2021062810008185)
Author G.N. Subrahmanyam
Camera location16° 57′ 33.64″ N, 82° 02′ 55.37″ E  Heading=0° Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMapinfo

Licensing

[edit]
Photographs created by G.N. Subrahmanyam, India uploaded by User:Ms Sarah Welch are released as CC-0.

This license & permission applies only to the photographs and not to any protected works that might be depicted in the media itself. Unless stated otherwise, the content depicted in the media is in the public domain due to its age.

Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

VRT Wikimedia

This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose. If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page.

The Wikimedia Foundation has received an e-mail confirming that the copyright holder has approved publication under the terms mentioned on this page. This correspondence has been reviewed by a Volunteer Response Team (VRT) member and stored in our permission archive. The correspondence is available to trusted volunteers as ticket #2021020910004089.

If you have questions about the archived correspondence, please use the VRT noticeboard. Ticket link: https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=2021020910004089
Find other files from the same ticket: SDC query (SPARQL)

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current16:39, 5 July 2021Thumbnail for version as of 16:39, 5 July 20214,160 × 2,811 (5.95 MB)Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs)Uploaded a work by G.N. Subrahmanyam from G.N. Subrahmanyam (OTRS 2021062810008185) with UploadWizard

You cannot overwrite this file.

There are no pages that use this file.

Metadata

This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.

Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:9th_century_Golingeswara_temple,_Biccavolu_Andhra_Pradesh_-_48.jpg&oldid=772920826"