File:ضبع مخطط "Hyaena hyaena" 05.jpg
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[edit]Descriptionضبع مخطط "Hyaena hyaena" 05.jpg |
العربية: (الاسم العلمي: Hyaena hyaena) هو حيوان قارت من فصيلة الضبعيات التي تضم إلى جانب هذا النوع الضبع المرقط، العسبار، والضبع البني الوثيق الصلة بالضبع المخطط. والضبع المخطط أوسع انتشارا من الأنواع الباقية إذ أن موطنه يشمل أفريقيا بكاملها، الشرق الأوسط، باكستان، غرب الهند، والأناضول. وكانت هذه الحيوانات تعيش في أوروبا أيضا قبل أن تنقرض منذ فترة بعيدة. الضباع المخططة حيوانات قمّامة أو كاسحة أي أنها تقتات على الجيفة معظم الوقت، إلا أنها قد تصطاد الثدييات الصغيرة أيضا كما وتقتات على الفاكهة والحشرات، ويعرف عن السلالات الأكبر حجما أنها تصطاد طرائد بحجم الخنزير البري. تعتبر هذه الحيوانات رحّآلة، فهي تنتقل بين مصادر الماء واحدة تلو الأخرى إلا أنها لاتبتعد أكثر من 10 كيلومترات (6 أميال) عن أحدها. تصطاد الضباع المخططة بشكل فردي إلا أنها تتجمع في مجموعات عائلية صغيرة، وهي كمثل باقي الثدييات القاطنة لمناطق حارّة تخسر الحرارة عن طريق آذانها التي تقوم بتبريد الجسد.
يعتبر الضبع المخطط حيواناً انعزالياً إجمالا، إلا أن لديه تنظيم اجتماعي معين بين الأفراد التي تقطن منطقة واحدة، تبحث هذه الحيوانات عن طعامها بمفردها إجمالا ونادرا ما تشاهد في مجموعات ولكنها تعيش في مجموعات عائلية صغيرة في جحورها. يعيش الضبع المخطط في السفانا الاستوائية، الأراضي العشبية، المناطق الشبه صحراوية، غابات الأشجار القمئية، والأراضي الحرجية. تظهر الضباع المخططة بشكل متكرر في الكثير من الحضارات البشريّة حيث تصوّر غالبا على أنها مخلوقات مخيفة ينبغي الحذر منها، وفي أحيان أخرى على أنها مثيرة للإعجاب أو على أنها مصدر من مصادر الشعوذة والسحر الإنساني.English: The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is a species of hyena native to North and East Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. It is the only extant species in the genus Hyaena. It is listed by the IUCN as near-threatened, as the global population is estimated to be under 10,000 mature individuals which continues to experience deliberate and incidental persecution along with a decrease in its prey base such that it may come close to meeting a continuing decline of 10% over the next three generations.[1]
It is the smallest of the bone-cracking hyenas and retains many primitive viverrid-like characteristics lost in larger species,[4] having a smaller and less specialised skull.[5][6] Though primarily a scavenger, large specimens have been known to kill their own prey,[7] and attacks on humans have occurred in rare instances.[8] The striped hyena is a monogamous animal, with both males and females assisting one another in raising their cubs.[9] A nocturnal animal, the striped hyena typically only emerges in complete darkness, and is quick to return to its lair before sunrise.[10] Although it has a habit of feigning death when attacked, it has been known to stand its ground against larger predators in disputes over food.[11] The striped hyena features prominently in Middle Eastern and Asian folklore. In some areas, its body parts are considered magical, and are used as charms or talismans.[12] It is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, where it is referred to as tzebua or zevoa, though it is absent in some Bible translations into English.[13] Ancient Greeks knew it as γλάνος (glános) and ύαινα (húaina) and were familiar with it from the Aegean coast of Asia Minor.[14] The striped hyena is the national animal of Lebanon.[15] |
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Author | Obada992 |
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ISO speed rating | 160 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:58, 7 March 2023 |
Lens focal length | 116 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop 22.1 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 16:57, 24 March 2023 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.31 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:58, 7 March 2023 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.643856 |
APEX aperture | 4.970854 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 5 APEX (f/5.66) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 93 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 93 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 93 |
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Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 174 mm |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | High saturation |
Sharpness | Hard |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 9441317 |
Lens used | 18.0-140.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:57, 24 March 2023 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Unique ID of original document | 50BF2BEB9672A600C66E546BC1FCA7E5 |