File:The fragments of the helmet prior to restoration (FindID 404767).jpg
The_fragments_of_the_helmet_prior_to_restoration_(FindID_404767).jpg (586 × 467 pixels, file size: 248 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]The fragments of the helmet prior to restoration | |||
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Photographer |
The Portable Antiquities Scheme, Daniel Pett, 2010-09-09 10:16:09 |
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Title |
The fragments of the helmet prior to restoration |
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Description |
English: An extremely fine, near complete copper-alloy two-piece Roman cavalry sports helmet dating from the late 1st-mid-3rd century AD. The helmet consists of a face mask, a head piece with a griffin figurine crest attachment. It was found in 33 fragments, with 34 smaller fragments found in association. Many of the fragments were found to join and the restored helmet is now c. 90% complete.
The finely wrought face mask corresponds to Robinson's Cavalry Sports Helmet Type C (Robinson 1975, 114-7) and Kohlert's Type V (Kohlhert 1978, 23-4). It depicts an idealised youthful male face, with luxuriant curly hair in three rows, the first of which extends to the mid-point of the full cheeks. The fine eyebrows are indicated by short diagonal engraved strokes, the eyelids are shown and both eyes are depicted with a pierced ring in the centre of the eye-holes to represent the iris. Traces of the reserved white metal coating are visible on the face, but it is likely that the hair and helmet would have appeared in bright natural bronze. The nostrils are pierced and the full lips slightly parted. Originally the mask would have hinged at the centre of the brow within the curly hair (Jackson and Craddock 1995, 80). At the neck it was fastened by a leather strap which would have been secured by its eyeleted ends to an iron strap on the jawline on each side of the mask, with slight remains of iron corrosion surviving. The survival of the headpiece, in its Phrygian form is exceptional with a crest attachment in the form of a winged griffin with its right paw raised and resting on an amphora. At the back of the head is a single row of curls can be seen below a raised ridge. Although no Roman garrisons are documented in the immediate vicinity, the findspot lies in an area with a substantial Roman military presence on a key route leading to the northern frontier. The nearest is at Brough and there are others further to the north-west in the Eden valley (e.g. Kirkby Thore, Brougham, Old Penrith). Stanwix, the garrison of the only thousand strong cavalry unit known from Roman Britain, is c. 50km to the NW. To the east of the Pennines over Stainmore are further garrisons. Findspots of other sports helmets are varied. In many cases they have been found within or in the immediate environs of garrisons, often of auxiliary cavalry units (alae; cohortes equitatae) (Garbsch 1978) as at Ribchester, Lancashire and Newstead, Borders. In several cases however there is no closely associated fort or fortress, for instance, at Guisborough (N. Yorks) and Worthing (Norfolk) among the UK examples. The recent discussion by Nicolay (2007) of the 'lifecycle' of Roman military equipment provides various possible models by which the helmet may have come to be deposited in a context away from a garrison, by hoarding, votive deposition or burial with the dead. In this case of this helmet, the visor was found placed face downwards and the helmet had been folded prior to deposition. On this very limited evidence votive offering or hoarding of loot might better explain its deposition at this findspot, but in the absence of excavation this must remain speculative. |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Cumbria | ||
Date | between 75 and 250 | ||
Accession number |
FindID: 404767 Old ref: LANCUM-E48D73 Filename: DSCN2537cropped.jpg |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/296472 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/296472/recordtype/artefacts Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/404767 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License version 4.0 (verified 15 November 2020) | ||
Other versions |
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Licensing
[edit]- You are free:
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 13:49, 27 January 2017 | 586 × 467 (248 KB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, PAS, FindID: 404767, roman, page 3, batch count 43 |
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File usage on Commons
The following 7 pages use this file:
- File:Crest fitting representing a griffin (FindID 404767).jpg
- File:Fragments of Roman Helmet (copyright, Christie's) (FindID 404767).jpg
- File:Reverse view of the helmet (FindID 404767).jpg
- File:The fragments of the helmet prior to restoration (FindID 404767).jpg
- File:The front and reverse of the helmet (FindID 404767).jpg
- File:The griffin - copyright Christies (FindID 404767).jpg
- File:View of mask front (FindID 404767).jpg
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON |
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Camera model | COOLPIX S52c |
Exposure time | 1/30 sec (0.033333333333333) |
F-number | f/3.6 |
ISO speed rating | 125 |
Date and time of data generation | Unknown date |
Lens focal length | 9.4 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Windows |
File change date and time | 14:30, 9 September 2010 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.1 |
Date and time of digitizing | Unknown date |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.4 APEX (f/3.25) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 57 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 586 px |
Image height | 467 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:30, 9 September 2010 |
IIM version | 2 |