File:The American Museum journal (c1900-(1918)) (17537880074).jpg

Title: The American Museum journal
Identifier: americanmuseumjo18amer (find matches)
Year: c1900-(1918) (c190s)
Authors: American Museum of Natural History
Subjects: Natural history
Publisher: New York : American Museum of Natural History
Contributing Library: American Museum of Natural History Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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/■///•; >/>/:) OF rill-: i:i:h >i wri.ow i:/: till' li\lii'i(ls wiili tilt' praiiif simllowrr. wliirli soiiu' hotaiiisls h;i\c rciiardcd as a (lisliiicl >;icci('>. Ncmt! licli'>-. cxm where there is aliuiKhiiil nr ,-iilllrieiiI fertility, eoinplex ei'osses hreak u;t inl" a llUlllhel' of (litTerellt t\;ies when ;)i'();ta_i;'ate(l hy reserved and >;iread throniih graftin<:'. haldias. which can he projiagated V('«ii'tatively hy means of tiihers, )M)sses8 many constant varieties. althoiiunllower in the same manner as the daidia. we should now liave ahout fifty distinct and ree- o^jnizahlo horticultural forms, any oi- all of wliich could he )ilaced on the mar- ket. Three s))Ocics-liyhrids are illus- trated, the (innuiis parent hoing in each ca.-e a red variety. On ))a, 41 the I'ight-hand figui'e shows an niniuux x iirfjoplii/llus cross. //. (irf/oiilii/lliishcnng, a rohust plant from Texas, remarkahlo for its white silky pubescence. The hyhrid shows the silky character dis- tinctly, and is a vei-y pretty thing. The //. finnuii.-t X ar(/(i/)lii/lhi>! hyhrid was in- dependently produced liy Sazyjierow in Russia, in this case witli the object of obtaining a plant resistant to rust and other diseases. 'J^he left-hand figure on the same ))age rej)resents the cross //. (innuns X cucinnerifoUus, the latter being also a species from Te.xas, but small and branclied. The IT. nicuineri- foliu.-t used were cultivated forms. A .-iniilar cross, except that the (iiiiiiiiis u>ri\ was not I'cd. had heeii made ;)i'evi- "Misly in I'lurope. //.iiiniilils ■ iirlialn- ris. new in lit 1 ;. j^ shown on page ;(i. It i> a heanl iful plant, nnidi hrandieil and with niiuhTiui- licad>. Il remains ill lull llowcr later than the common >unllow I'r. The remaining figures show dill'ercin variations of the //. (iinniiis t \ pe. -onic peculiar for the foi-ni of the ra\>. oihci-s foi- the color and markings. Marking factors, which control the distribution of the colors, are iii(le))endent of the color factors, and may be inherited thi'ough plants which have no i-ed in the rays at all. Thus, although //. petiolaris is without red, it has a \cv\ distinct pattei'u or marking factor. which appears in the hybrids with the red annuiis as a red ring at the bases of the rays. Sunflowers are eulti\atei; very easily, aiul anyone may experiment with them. When carrying on breeding experi- ments, it is necessary to jjut bags on the flower heads before tlic flowers o))en. and carry tlie pollen to the flow- ers by hand, repeating the operation several times on each head. If this is not done, bees bring ))ollen to the flow- ers, and it is impossible to tell which varieties the pollen parents belong to. In Colorado, at least, we find it neces- sary to bag the heads at the seeding stage also, to protect them from the birds. All the work in breeding suntlow'ers ha> been done by my wife, who has de- voted her summers to it for a numbei- of years past.
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