File:Chaudefonds-sur-Layon (Maine-et-Loire) (28664834088).jpg

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Description	Chaudefonds-sur-Layon (Maine-et-Loire) Mine de charbon des Malécots. Puits d'aération. Celui-ci fait 43 m de profondeur. Cette mine de charbon a fermé en 1964. Ce fut la dernière mine en activité du bassin houiller de la Basse Loire, sillon houiller fusiforme allant de Nort-sur-Erdre en Loire-Atlantique à Doué-la-Fontaine en Maine-et-Loire. Le charbon de terre était déjà exploité, de manière artisanale, au XVe siècle. L'exploitation industrielle se développe au XIXe siècle, et le puits N°1 atteint une profondeur de 360 mètres. La production atteindra son apogée au milieu du XIXe siècle, mais la rentabilité reste faible : environ 150 à 200 kg de houille par homme et par jour. Dans l'ensemble, l'exploitation du bassin de Basse-Loire fut décevante: le tonnage extrait est de l'ordre de 5 millions de tonnes, à comparer avec les 2,5 milliards de tonnes de houille extraites dans le bassin du Nord Pas-de-Calais. Le puits N°1 connu un violent coup de grisou en 1869 qui fit 5 morts. <a href="http://www.stebarbe.com/malecots.htm" rel="nofollow">www.stebarbe.com/malecots.htm</a> <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_des_Malécots" rel="nofollow">fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_des_Malécots</a>
Date	Taken on 2 June 2018, 18:11
Source	Chaudefonds-sur-Layon (Maine-et-Loire)
Author	Daniel Jolivet

Camera location	47° 20′ 31.27″ N, 0° 42′ 14.85″ W	View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap	47.342019; -0.704125

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by sybarite48 at https://flickr.com/photos/26082117@N07/28664834088 (archive). It was reviewed on 11 June 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

11 June 2018

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	09:54, 11 June 2018		3,368 × 2,872 (6.34 MB)	Meisam (talk \| contribs)	Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons

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This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.

Camera manufacturer	PENTAX
Camera model	PENTAX K-5 II
Author	JOLIVET Daniel
Copyright holder	JOLIVET Daniel
Exposure time	1/160 sec (0.00625)
F-number	f/2.8
ISO speed rating	100
Date and time of data generation	18:11, 2 June 2018
Lens focal length	35 mm
Latitude	47° 20′ 31.27″ N
Longitude	0° 42′ 14.85″ W
Altitude	59 meters above sea level
Short title	Chaudefonds-sur-Layon (Maine-et-Loire)
Image title	Chaudefonds-sur-Layon (Maine-et-Loire)
Orientation	Normal
Horizontal resolution	300 dpi
Vertical resolution	300 dpi
Software used	Adobe Photoshop Elements 9.0 Windows
File change date and time	17:24, 3 June 2018
White point chromaticity	0.313 0.329
Chromaticities of primarities	0.64 0.33 0.21 0.71 0.15 0.06
Color space transformation matrix coefficients	0.299 0.587 0.114
Y and C positioning	Co-sited
Exposure Program	Shutter priority
Exif version	2.3
Date and time of digitizing	18:11, 2 June 2018
Meaning of each component	Y Cb Cr does not exist
APEX exposure bias	0
Metering mode	Pattern
Flash	Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression
Supported Flashpix version	1
Color space	Uncalibrated
Sensing method	One-chip color area sensor
File source	Digital still camera
Scene type	A directly photographed image
Custom image processing	Normal process
Exposure mode	Auto exposure
White balance	Auto white balance
Focal length in 35 mm film	52 mm
Scene capture type	Standard
Contrast	Normal
Saturation	Normal
Sharpness	Hard
Subject distance range	Distant view
GPS time (atomic clock)	16:11:14.211
Satellites used for measurement	08
Receiver status	Measurement in progress
Measurement mode	3-dimensional measurement
Speed unit	Kilometers per hour
Speed of GPS receiver	1.57
Reference for direction of movement	True direction
Direction of movement	233.46
Reference for direction of image	True direction
Direction of image	174.63
Geodetic survey data used	WGS-84
GPS date	2 June 2018
GPS tag version	2.3.0.0
Supported Flashpix version	1
Image width	3,368 px
Image height	2,872 px
Unique ID of original document	uuid:faf5bdd5-ba3d-11da-ad31-d33d75182f1b
Date metadata was last modified	19:24, 3 June 2018
Keywords	Chaudefonds-sur-Layon Maine-et-Loire France
IIM version	55,302

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