File:بادگیرهای شهر قم-عکاسی معماری- عکس دی ماه ۱۳۹۵-عکاس مصطفی معراجی 06.jpg
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[edit]Descriptionبادگیرهای شهر قم-عکاسی معماری- عکس دی ماه ۱۳۹۵-عکاس مصطفی معراجی 06.jpg |
فارسی: بادگیر برجهایی هستند که برای تهویه و خنک سازی بر بام خانهها ساخته میشود. بادگیر را همچنین بالای آبانبارها و دهانهٔ معدنها برای تهویه میسازند.
English: A windcatcher, wind tower, or wind scoop is a traditional architectural element used to create cross ventilation and passive cooling in buildings. Windcatchers come in various designs: unidirectional, bidirectional, and multidirectional. Windcatchers are widely used in North Africa and West Asia. Iran, especially in the south of Fars province and Hormozgan province, and other countries around the Persian Gulf have used windcatchers for the past three thousand years.
العربية: الملاقف وفي الإمارات تُسمى برجيل، هي أبراج متصلة بالمباني تستخدم للتبريد، كانت تستخدم في المساجد والمشافي على نطاق واسع، ففي العصر العباسي كانت جميع المشافي مزودة بالملاقف وكذلك أغلب البيوت.
Español: Un captador de viento, también llamado torre de vientos, catavientos, chimenea de vientos o torre eólica, es un dispositivo arquitectónico tradicional de Irán y Baréin, utilizado durante siglos para proporcionar ventilación natural y refrigeración al interior de los edificios. La iraní no fue la primera cultura en desarrollarlos, pero sí la que las sigue utilizando hasta el presente. Los captadores de vientos poseen varios diseños: unidireccionales, bidireccionales y pluridireccionales.
Русский: Бадгир— традиционный персидский, иранский архитектурный элемент, служащий для вентиляции зданий и поддержания нормального температурного баланса в них. Также сохранились и используются в некоторых странах Востока — в Бахрейне, ОАЭ, Пакистане, Афганистане, Саудовской Аравии.
Português: Uma torre de vento é um tradicional elemento arquitetônico persa para criar ventilação natural nos edifícios.
Українська: Вітряна вежа, також барджиль, бадґір— традиційний елемент перської архітектури, за допомогою якого створюють природну вентиляцію будівель. Вітряні вежі бувають різних конструкцій: однонапрямні, двонапрямні та багатонапрямні. Збереглись дотепер в багатьох країнах Середнього Сходу (переважно в Бахрейні, Дубаї, Пакистані та Афганістані), при будівлях, що виникли під впливом перської архітектури.
Deutsch: Ein Badgir ist als Windturm ein traditionelles persisches Architekturelement, welches seit Jahrhunderten zur natürlichen Lüftung von Gebäuden verwendet wird. Badgire werden auch heute noch in den verschiedensten Varianten genutzt. Ein Badgir besitzt meist mindestens zwei vertikale Kanäle.
עברית: לוכד רוח הוא אלמנט אדריכלי מסורתי עתיק, המשמש ליצירת אוורור טבעי וקירור פסיבי במבנים שונים באזורים מדבריים או חמים.
Italiano: Le torri del vento sono, in architettura, una soluzione "naturale" per il problema della climatizzazione degli ambienti in climi torridi come quello che dominava vaste aree dell'antica Persia, ed in epoche in cui non esisteva l'energia elettrica e quindi non erano ancora stati inventati gli scambiatori di calore funzionanti ad elettricità.
Ελληνικά: Ο Ανεμόπυργος ή ανεμοσυλλέκτης ή ανεμοπαγίδα (περσικά: بادگیر, ελληνικά: μπαντγκίρ, ανεμοπιάστης) είναι ένα παραδοσιακό Περσικό αρχιτεκτονικό στοιχείο που συμβάλλει στον φυσικό κλιματισμό εσωτερικών χώρων, παγιδεύοντας τον άνεμο και κατευθύνοντάς τον μέσα στο κτήριο. Στα αραβικά αναφέρεται ως μαλκάφ. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Mostafameraji |
Camera location | 34° 38′ 13.84″ N, 50° 52′ 59.12″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 34.637177; 50.883088 |
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Licensing
[edit]I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. | |
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 02:04, 10 January 2023 | 4,500 × 3,000 (7.64 MB) | Mostafameraji (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Image title |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
Camera model | Canon EOS 6D |
Author | Mostafa Meraji |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/160 sec (0.00625) |
F-number | f/5.6 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:17, 22 January 2017 |
Lens focal length | 252 mm |
Latitude | 34° 38′ 13.84″ N |
Longitude | 50° 52′ 59.12″ E |
Altitude | 961.9 meters above sea level |
Short title |
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Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
File change date and time | 02:08, 9 January 2023 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:17, 22 January 2017 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.321928 |
APEX aperture | 4.970854 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 5 APEX (f/5.66) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 61 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 61 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 61 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 1,520 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 1,520 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 11:45:53.999 |
Satellites used for measurement | 12 |
Receiver status | Measurement in progress |
Measurement mode | 3-dimensional measurement |
Measurement precision | Poor (50) |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 22 January 2017 |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |
Serial number of camera | 101026002368 |
Lens used | EF70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM +2x III |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:08, 8 January 2023 |
Unique ID of original document | B2D5ACEA6B6F5CC268BF0ADFA67B0CDC |
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